职称英语考试大纲模拟试题一讲解

职称英语考试大纲模拟试题一讲解请大家注重看每个句子的译文 Vocabulary 词汇部分词汇部分词汇部分词汇部分： 1. I could just see a car in the distance, but I couldnt _ what color it was. A. make out B. look to C. look out D. take in 【答案】A 【译文】我只能看到远处一辆汽车，可是分辨不出汽车的颜色。 【试题分析】词组辨析题。 【详细解答】make out意为“辩认出，理解”，符合句意。look to“照顾，负责”；look out“当心，提防”；take in“容纳，理解，欺骗（多用于被动态）”，均不符合句意。 2. The _ of new scientific discoveries to industrial production methods usually make jobs easier to do. A. addition B. association C. application D. affection 【答案】C 【参考译文】新的科学发现应用于工业生产方法上常使工作更容易做。 【试题分析】此题为形近词辨析题。 【词义辨析】application应用、运用：the application of theory 理论的运用。A. addition增加，一般用于in addition to”除之外”结构中，此处不符合句意，科学发现不是“增加到”工业生产方法上，而是“应用到”工业生产技术中。B. association联系，联想；协会；结交：Im working in association with another person. 我与另外一个人合伙工作。D. affection爱情；爱；影响。 3. He mumbled something and blushed as though a secret had been _. A. imposed B. exposed C. composed D. opposed 【答案】B 【参考译文】他咕噜地说了些什么，仿佛泄露了一个秘密，脸一下红了。 【试题分析】此题为形近词辨析题，题干中“secret”和“blush”为关键词，“mumble”并不影响答案的选择。【词义辨析】expose暴露；泄露：be exposed to the sun暴露在阳光之下。A. impose常与介词on搭配，表示“把强加于上”。如：impose ones idea on others把某人的思想强加给别人。C. compose组成：be composed of由组成。D. oppose反对：be opposed to this plan反对这一计划。 4. Mr. Morgan can be very sad _, though in public he is extremely cheerful. A. in person B. in private C. by himself D. as individual 【答案】B 【参考译文】虽然摩根先生在公开场合显得十分高兴，私下里却很忧伤。 【试题分析】此题为词组辨析题，题干中“in public”为提示语。 【详细解答】in private私下地，指不被众人所注意：Cecil can be very rude in private, though in public hes usually polite. 塞西尔在大庭广众中通常很有礼貌，但私下里却很粗鲁。用在此处，正符合句意。A. in person 亲自：He brought me the book in person. 他亲自给我送来这本书。C. by himself独自一人，独自地；强调不需要他人帮助，如He cooked the meal by himself. 他自己做了这顿饭。D. as individual作为个人而言，此词组并非固定搭配，类似的有as a student作为学生；as a physicist作为一名物理学家。5. You should _ these tables and buy new ones. A. throw off B. throw down C. throw up D. throw away 【答案】D 【参考译文】你应该把这些桌子扔了，买些新的。 【试题分析】此题考有关throw的短语辨析。 【词组辨析】throw away扔掉：Dont throw this book away. It may be used later。别把这本书给扔了，以后可能有用。A. throw off摆脱掉；匆匆脱下（衣服）：throw off the bad habit摆脱坏的习惯。此处题意是说去旧换新，而非摆脱桌子。B. throw down朝下扔。C. throw up（接名词）放弃：throw up ones job放弃工作。 6. _ their suggestions, we will discuss them fully at the next meeting. A. In regard for B. In regard to C. With regard of D. Regardless for 【答案】B 【参考译文】关于他们的建议，我们将在下次会议充分讨论。 【试题分析】此题为词组辨析，以及固定搭配辨析题。 【详细解答】in regard to/of 关于，为固定搭配，所以A在形式上就不成立。with regard to 也可以表示“关于”，但不能用介词“of”来代替“to”，因此可以排除C。regardless of 不注意，不关心；不顾：regardless of wind or rain风雨无阻。所以D项在搭配上也不正确。 7. The medicine which the doctor gave her can only _ her temporarily from pain. A. relax B. relieve C. relay D. release 【答案】B 【参考译文】医生给她的药只能暂时减轻她的病痛。 【试题分析】此题为形近词辨析题。 【词义辨析】relieve减轻（病痛、紧张情绪等）：relieve sb. from anxiety消除某人的忧虑。A. relax放松；使不紧张：relax the muscles放松肌肉。C. relay转达，转播：relay a program转播一个节目。D. release释放：release sb. from the prison把某人从监狱中释放出来。 8. On cloudy nights it is not possible to see the stars with _ eye. A. naked B. bare C. flesh D. pure 【答案】A【译文】在多云的夜晚，不可能用肉眼观察到星星。 【试题分析】词语搭配题。 【详细解答】肉眼是固定搭配，必须用naked。 9. Many new _ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education. A. opportunities B. necessities C. probabilities D. realities 【答案】A【译文】将来更多的机会将会对受过大学教育的人开放。 【试题分析】词语辨析题。 【详细解答】opportunity意为“（做的）机会”，符合句意。necessity，“必需品”；probability，“可能的结果”；reality，“现实，实际存在的事物”，均不符合句意。 10. The weather is highly _ at this time of the year and it is hard to know what to wear. A. various B. variant C. variable D. varied 【答案】C【译文】每年的这时候，天气特别多变，都不知道穿什么好。【试题分析】词语辨析题。 【详细解答】various意为“各种各样的”；variant意为“不同的”；variable意为“多变的，变化异常的”；varied意为“变化了的，色彩丰富的”。根据句子意思，应选C。 11. When you go to a new country, you must _ yourself to new manners and customs. A. adopt B. fit C. suit D. adapt 【答案】D 【参考译文】当你到一个新的国家时，你应该适应新的礼节和风俗。 【试题分析】此题既是近义词辨析题，又是形近词辨析题。 【词义辨析】adapt使适应，使适合，常用adapt oneself to sth. 结构中。如adapt yourself to the new environment适应新环境。A. adopt采纳、采取；收养：adopt this suggestion采纳这条建议。B. fit使适合，但着重强调“符合某种要求”，用在此处，从结构上讲，完全可以，但意义不大合适，且fit多用于sth. fits sb. for结构中，如His great height fits him for the team games. 他身材高大适合参加球队比赛。C. suit满足，合之意；一般不用人做主语。suit oneself随自己的便，爱干什么就干什么。 12. I found myself completely _ by his vivid performance. A. carried out B. carried off C. carried away D. carried on 【答案】C 【参考译文】我发现我完全被他那生动的表演吸引住了。 【试题分析】此题为词组辨析题，考有关“carry”的词组。 【词组辨析】carry away 吸引住；使激动得失去控制，多用于被动语态：He was carried away by his success. 他被成功冲晕了头脑。A. carry out执行；完成；实现：carry out the plan完成这一计划。B. carry off 拿走，夺走：His life was carried off by the disease. 这种病夺去了他的生命。D. carry on 继续，进行：They carried on in spite of the difficulties. 尽管困难重重，他们仍坚持下去。 13. These safety measures will _ the reduction of accidents. A. give in B. result from C. result in D. originate in 【答案】C 【参考译文】这些安全措施将减少事故的发生。 【试题分析】此题为词组辨析题。 【词组辨析】result in 引起（某种结果）；导致：His carelessness resulted in the failure of this experiment. 他的粗心大意导致了实验的失败。A. give in 屈服：He would rather die than give in to the enemy. 他宁死不向敌人屈服。B. result from由引起的，与result in是一对反义词组。Lung cancer partly results from heavy smoking. 肺癌部分是由过分吸烟造成的。D. originate in 起源于：Their friendship originated in a chance meeting. 他们的友谊源于一次偶遇。 14. Some discussion has _ about who should be put in charge of this project. A. risen B. lifted C. raised D. arisen 【答案】D 【参考译文】人们讨论谁将负责这一项目。 【试题分析】此题为形近词辨析题，更主要地是易混词辨析题。 【词义辨析】从题意中可得出此处应填一个不及物动词，故可排除B、C两项。D. aris出现； 15. _ these changes we must revise our plan. A. In the course of B. In the light of C. In spite of D. In addition to【答案】B 【参考译文】鉴于这些变化，我们必须修订我们的计划。 【试题分析】此题为词组辨析题。 【词组辨析】in the light of 鉴于；根据：take actions in the light of actual situations根据实际情况采取行动。A. in the course of 在期间，在过程中的。C. in spite of 不顾。D. in addition to 除之外，相当于besides。 16. Although the examination he had passed was unimportant, his success _ him in his later study. A. persuaded B. promised C. urged D. encouraged 【答案】D 【参考译文】尽管他通过的这次考试并不重要，却给他以后的学习不少鼓励。 【试题分析】此题为近义辨析题。 【词义辨析】encourage鼓励：He encouraged me to accept this challenge. 他鼓励我接受这一挑战。A. persuade说服：persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事。B. promise答应，允诺：He promised to come. 他答应要来的。C. urge鞭策，力促：to urge the horse on 鞭马前进。从题意中可以看出这次考试并不重要，只是鼓励了他，而不是鞭策他。所以D为最佳答案。 17. More and more cheaper materials are being _ for the better, more expensive kind in production. A. replaced B. displaced C. substituted D. transformed 【答案】C 【参考译文】在生产中越来越多的廉价材料被用以代替质优但价格较高的材料。 【试题分析】此题为近义词辨析题，主要考搭配。 【词组辨析】substitute替代，常用于substitute A for B结构，表示“用A来代替B”：substitute plastic for wood用塑料代替木材。A. replace代替，被动时与by搭配使用：be replaced by gas 被煤气所取代。C. displace转移；取代：Ill displace Sally when she is away on business. 当Sally出差在外时，我取代他的位置。同样，displace在被动句中，与by搭配使用。D. transform转变，改变，多用于transfromfromto结构中，表示“把从转变为”。 18. We are taking _ a collection to buy flowers for John because he is in the hospital. A. to B. up C. over D. off 【答案】B【译文】我们筹款为John买花，因为他住院了。 【试题分析】词语搭配题。 【详细解答】take up a collection是一个固定词组，意思是募捐，筹款，