2012年高考英语完型填空解题技巧

Howtodoclozetests?,高考总体要求完形填空全面考查学生的语言知识、阅读理解能力和总体语言水平。解题过程是对语篇中的缺失信息进行猜测、推断、验证的过程，通常我们可以借助语篇的上下文线索以及文化背景知识等进行解题。,Briefintroduction,（一）完形填空题的题型特点及方法1.首句完整(完形填空首句不挖空，帮助进入语境）2.语境选择近几年的高考完形填空题主要考查考生对上下文的理解，要求考生通过语境来作出选择。“语境能力型”试题具有相当难度，因为完形填空所给的四个选项往往在语法方面都能成立，错误选项多半可以和空前、空后文字形成某种搭配，极具干扰和迷惑作用。做完形填空题，需要我们立足语篇环境，树立全局观念，瞻前顾后，连贯思维，从语境角度来选择答案。,例如：(1)Japanisanislandcountryandits_goalloverJapan.(2)Japanisanislandcountryandits_goalloverthePacificlookingforfishtocatch.(3)Japanisanislandcountryandits_gooverthePacificlookingforthefishgroups.(4)Japanisanislandcountryandits_goonthePacificlookingforthemissingpeople.(5)Japanisanislandcountryandits_goalloverJapan,sendingpeopletoandfromwork.选择项：A.fishingboatsB.lifeboatsC.planesD.trains,A,B,C,D,A,C,B,D,Methods:Method1:通读全文；抓住主旨Method2：细读全文；透析文意,完型填空题实用解题技巧,完型填空题实用解题技巧实用技巧一：寻找关键信息词来选择答案在一篇文章中，有时就一个单句而言，很难确定合适的答案，但若继续下去，就会发现与问题有关的信息词，这些词往往直接或间接地提出或暗示我们所寻找的答案。例1：NormanCousinswasabusinessmanfromtheUnitedStateswhooftentraveledaroundtheworldonbusiness.Heenjoyedhis_1_andtraveling.1.A.timeB.holidayC.sleepD.work,D,(原词复现、关联词、近义词反义词、概括词复现和注释性复现等）,接着读下文：Then,afterreturningtotheUnitedStatesfroma_2_triptotheUnionofSovietSocialistRepublic(USSR),Mr.Cousinsgotsick.Becausehehadpushedhisbodytothelimitofitsstrengthonthetrip,achangebegantotakeplace_3_him.Thematerialbetweenhisbonesbecameweak.2.A.boringB.tiringC.dangerousD.pleasantA.fromB.aroundC.insideD.beside,B,C,例2：Anoldlion_initscaveandpretendedtobeill,whensomeanimalscametovisitit,thelionkilledandatethem.SleptB.layC.lyingD.feltsick,B,例3.MissBrownsaid,“MayI17(correct)asmallmistakethatyoumade,MissDike?Columbuscrossedthe18inthe15th,notthe16thcentury.He19(discovered)Americain1492.SirFrancisDrakewasagreatsailorinthe16thcentury.You20(mighthavecrossed)theAtlanticoceanwithhim.A.PacificB.IndianC.ArcticD.Atlantic,D,(4)IrememberasachildIsaidsomething40aboutsomebody,andmyfathersaid,“Anytimeyousaysomethingunpleasantaboutsomebodyelse,itsareflectionofyou.”(NMET2005山东)A.unkindB.unnecessaryC.unimportantD.unusual(5)Apparently,althoughnoonewantstobe51allthetime,everyoneneedssomedegreeofprivacy.2007上海）A.noisyB.aloneC.personalD.sociable,A,B,6.Thestrangethingwasthatpracticallyallthestudentswenttoclass,andveryfewpeoplestayeduplateatnight.Onlythenewpeoplestayedupor_class.(NMET2000春）A.attendedB.tookC.missedD.studied,根据词语辨析和固定搭配来选择答案固定搭配：1.固定短语搭配2.句型搭配3.习惯用语如：Apersonsfeelingdepends,inasense,accordingtoDr.Green,_theclimate.例1：Itwillnotbe_theteachersandthestudentsmeetagain.A.beforelongB.farawayC.longbeforeD.somelong,C,实用技巧二：,on,(2)ManyboysandgirlslearnEnglishatschool.Itisoneoftheir4(subjects).ManypeoplelearnEnglishbecauseitis5(useful)intheirwork.SomeyoungpeoplelearnEnglish6(for)theirhigherstudiesbecausesomeoftheirbooksare7English.A.inB.withC.atD.of(3)Withsuchacreditcard,youcantravelandentertainwhenandwhereyou15(want).Theworldsleadinghotels,motelsandresorts（胜地）welcometheCard.Youcanchargenearlyeverything,includinggolfandtennis16.A.moneyB.faresC.ticketsD.fees,A,D,4.1mywayhomeyesterday,Isawadoginfront2me.1.A.InB.OfC.OnD.To2.A.ofB.toC.fromD.before,5.EverydayafterschoolIwould41toJMsandworkuntilten.(NMET2003北京）41.A.headB.turnC.changeD.move,实用技巧三：用比较判断法来选择答案有时，在一个段落中，前面的空只凭借一个句子的内容很难做出正确的判断，但是在后面的句子结构中也出现同样的语言结构，这种语言现象便是我们要找的比较信息部分。了解比较信息部分的结构，能帮助我们找到前面对应结构中等立存在的答案。例1：PagodaStreetisastreetlikemanyothersnotvery_1_,notverywide,_2_wideenoughfortwobusestopass.Butitisa_3_streetallthesame,particularlyduringtherushhour.1.AclearB.cleanC.farD.fresh2.A.alsoB.evenC.andD.only3.A.famousB.usefulC.busyD.free,B,D,C,排比和对比,例2：TheancientGreekthinkerDiogenessaidthattherewasonlyonegood,namely(也就是),knowledge;andonlyone_1_,namely,_2_.1.A.betterB.bestC.niceD.evil2.A.ignoranceB.disbeliefC.lazinessD.death,D,A,3.AstheywalkedMark38theboysnamewasBill,thathe39computergames,baseballandhistory,thathewashavingalotof40withhisothersubjectsandthathehadjustbroken41withhisgirlfriend.（2003春，北京）38.A.discoveredB.realizedC.saidD.decided39.A.playedB.lovedC.triedD.made40.A.questionsB.ideasC.troubleD.doubt41.A.upB.outC.offD.away,实用技巧四：Context上下文语境,该项目的设计主要是考查考生的综合分析能力。测试内容包括篇章结构和推理判断能力，这些答案的选择，起关键作用的是上下文的关系，也就是说，对短文的整体理解是非常重要的，这种考查项目的设计所占的比例较大，且难度也大。考生必须跨越句子层次和段落层次才能选出正确的答案来。,(1)TheancientGreekswereveryinterestedinthenatureoftheworldaroundthemandputforwardmanyinterestingtheoriestoexplainthings.Sometimestheywereright,1veryoftentheywerewrong.A.andB.soC.butD.for(2)Areyourtablemannersmuchbetterwhenyouareeatingatafriendshomeorinarestaurantthantheyareatyourownhome?Probablyso,1(because)youareawarethatpeoplejudgeyoubyyourtablemanners.Youtakespecialpainswhenyouareeating2.(2005上海)A.inpublicB.athomeC.ateaseD.inahurry,C,A,5、Culturalbackgroundandcommonsense文化背景和常识,(2)themotherwasholdingtheirbabydaughter,Ally.Thelittlegirlhadsomefoodstuckinherthroat,andcouldhardlybreathe.Mr.Whitedrovethemto.Theambulancewasrunningveryfastalongtheroad.A.thebesthospitalB.thebiggesthospitalC.thenearesthospitalD.theChildrensHospital(3)PeopleofBurhngtonarebeingdisturbedbythesoundofbells.FourstudentsfromBurlingtonCollegeofHigherEducationareinthebelltowerofthe26havemadeuptheirmindsto27(ring)thebellsnonstopfortwoweeksasaprotest（抗议）againstheavytruckswhichrun28(dayandnight)throughthenarrowHighStreet.(NMET1999)A.collegeB.villageC.townD.church,C,D,巩固练习ItwasthefinalexaminationforanintroductoryEnglishcourseatthelocaluniversity.Like1freshmancourses,itwasdesignedto2newstudents,havingover700studentsintheclass!Theexaminationwastwohourslong,andexambookletswereprovided.Theprofessorwasvery3andtoldtheclassthatanyexampaperthatwasnotonhisdeskin4twohourswouldnotbeacceptedandthestudentwould5.1/2hourintotheexam,astudent6inandaskedtheprofessorfor7.Yourenotgoingtohave8tofinishthis,theprofessorstatedsarcasticallyashehandedthestudentabooklet.Yes,Iwill,repliedthestudent.Hethentookaseatandbegan9.Aftertwohours,theprofessorcalledfortheexams,andthestudentsfiledupandhandedthemin.10thelatestudent,whocontinued11.1/2hourlater,the12studentcameuptothe13whowassittingathisdesk14hisnextclass.Heattemptedtoputhisexamonthestackofexambookletsalreadythere.No,youdont,Imnotgoingtoacceptthat.15.,Thestudentlookedincredulous（不相信的）and16.DoyouknowWHOIam?17,asamatteroffactIdont,repliedtheprofessorwithanairofsarcasm（讥讽）inhis18.AreyousurethatyoudontknowWHOIam?!thestudentaskedagain.No,andIdontcare.repliedtheprofessorwithanairofsuperiority（优越）.19,repliedthestudent,whoquicklyliftedthepileof20exams,placedhisinthemiddle,thenthrewthepapersintheairandwalkedoutoftheroom.1.A.severalsuchB.suchmanyC.manysuchD.sucha2.A.weedout(清理)B.acceptC.admitD.permit3.A.kindB.friendlyC.strictD.serious4.A.aboutB.exactlyC.morethanD.lessthan5.A.passB.succeedC.enrollD.fail6.A.wentB.camerushingC.enteredD.walked7.A.somepaperB.apenC.inkD.anexambooklet8.A.rightB.abilityC.timeD.energy9.A.writingB.cheatingC.walkingD.talking10.A.AllexceptB.AllC.AllbesidesD.Allof,11.A.cryingB.sweatingC.tremblingD.writing12.A.firstB.lastC.laterD.latest13.A.headmasterB.monitorC.professorD.inspector14.A.sittingforB.preparingforC.havingD.giving15.A.ItsenoughB.ItsOKC.ItsallrightD.Itslate16.A.happyB.sadC.angryD.gentle17.A.NoB.YesC.OKD.Allright18.A.soundB.voiceC.faceD.eye19.A.BadluckB.BestC.GoodD.Better20.A.uncompletedB.markedC.markingD.completed,【分析和说明】这篇短文讲述的是发生在一个大学里的一件事。许多大学由于学生过多，所以举行一次考试，旨在选优淘劣。一个迟到了半个小时的学生确认老师不认识他后，硬是把自己的答卷塞进了试卷堆当中。短文多数题目考查考生对整个篇章结构的理解，这也是完型填空题跟一般的单项选择句的主要不同之处。如第2，9，15，19题等。【解答】1C考查such这个词的用法。such如果跟表数量的词连用，应放在数量词的后面。如：manysuch,severalsuch,nosuch,onesuch。但如果用冠词a，应用sucha这种结构。2A根据下句havingover700studentsintheclass!可以看出这个班级人数太多，因此此处应选“淘汰/清理”之意。而不是“接纳”或“录取”。3C从文意可以得知这个教授是很“严格的-strict”,迟交卷的学生一律不收。而这一点不说明他是“友好的kind/friendly”或“严肃的-seri