新译林9B英语UNIT 3单元知识点归纳及练习题

新译林9B英语UNIT 3单元知识点归纳及练习题9B UNIT 3一、词汇句型语法大串联1. Wow, the Great Wall is amazing, isnt it? 哇，长城令人惊讶，是不是?反意疑问句表示说话人对所陈述的事情有所怀疑或不肯定，想通过对方的回答来加以肯定或否定。反意疑问句的构成有两种。第一种结构是:肯定的陈述句+逗号+一般疑问句的简略否定+问号，对于反意疑问句的肯定或否定回答与一般疑问句的回答方式一样。如: “You are a teacher, arent you?” “Yes, I am. /No, Im not.”“你是个教师，是不是?”“是的。/不，我不是。” “She was here yesterday, wasnt she?” “Yes, she was. /No, she wasnt.”“她昨天在这里，是不是?”“是的。/不，没在。” “They borrowed some money from you, didnt they?” “Yes, they did. /No, they didnt.”“他们向你借了些钱，是不是?”“是的。/不，他们没向我借钱。”第二种结构是:否定的陈述句+逗号+一般疑问句的简略肯定+问号。对于这种形式的反意疑问句作回答的时候，不要过分注重问句中的否定词not在前还是在后，只要事实是肯定的，就用Yes，如事实是否定的，就用No。用Yes回答，后面就不能再用not，用No回答，后面就必须有not，这种情况与中文的表达习惯很不一样。请注意下面例句中中英文在表达上的差异。 “Your sister isnt coming back today, is she?” “Yes, she is. /No, she isnt.”“你姐姐今天不会回来，是吗?”“不，她今天会回来。/是的，她今天不会回来。” “You cant do it well, can you?” “Yes, I can. /No, I cant.”“这事你做不好，是吗?”“不，我能做好。/是的，我做不好。” “There wasnt a football game on TV last night, was there?” “Yes, there was. /No, there wasnt.”“昨晚电视里没有足球赛，是吗?”“不，有足球赛。/是的，没有。”【注】在简略回答中，如果主语有变化，并用but在语气上加以转折，也会出现用Yes和not搭配以及用No而不用not的情况。如: “Your father isnt a doctor, is he?” “No, but my mother is.”“你父亲不是个医生，是吗?”“对，不过我母亲是个医生。” “Most of you arent from Beijing, are you?” “Yes, but Im not. /No, but I am.”“你们大多数人不是北京人吧，是吗?”“不，大多数是，但我不是。/对，但我是北京人。”陈述句中含有never, few, little, hardly, nothing, nobody等具有否定含意的词，后面疑问部分应用肯定形式。如: You never saw Mr King before, did you? 你以前从未见过金先生，是吗? There are few apples left on the tree, are there? 树上没剩几个苹果了，是吗? He has little money for food, does he? 他几乎没钱买吃的，是吗? Little Mary can hardly walk by herself, can she? 小玛丽还不太会自己走路，是吗? Theres nothing in that box, is there? 盒子里什么也没有，是吗? Nobody saw you do it, did they? 没人看到你干这事吧，是吗?【注】在口语中，陈述部分一般用降调，但后面疑问部分可用升调，也可用降调。如疑问部分用升调，则表明提问者对陈述部分的真实性把握不大，希望对方来确定;如疑问部分用降调，则表明提问者对陈述部分的真实性有一定把握，只须对方来印证一下。2. amazing的用法amazing是amaze的现在分词形式，用作形容词，意为“令人大为惊讶的”，在句中作表语或定语，主语往往是某物。如: They have got an amazing achievement. 他们取得了惊人的成就。 Thats amazing, isnt it? 真是令人惊叹，是不是? The amazing discovery made us feel surprised. 这项惊人的发现使我们感到惊诧。 They do an amazing amount of work. 他们工作量大得惊人。amazed用作形容词时，意为“感到惊异或者吃惊”，是人对事物所产生的感受，它的意思接近surprised。在句中常作表语，其主语往往是人。如: We were amazed to find that no one was hurt in the accident.我们很惊奇地发现竟没有人在事故中受伤。 I was amazed at her knowledge of space. 她丰富的太空知识令人大为惊讶。 He was banging so loudly I was amazed I didnt hear him.他把门敲得乒乓响，真奇怪，我没有听见。 They were amazed how little I had changed. 他们惊讶的是我竟然没有改变多少。amaze用作动词，表示“fill with a feeling of great surprise or wonder”，意为“使惊奇”“使诧异”。如: He amazed everybody by passing his driving test. 他驾驶考试合格使大家很惊奇。 Her remarks amazed the people present at the meeting.她的讲话使会上的人们感到很惊奇。 It amazes me that anyone could be so stupid. 真是难以置信，置有人这么笨。【注】amazement是amaze的名词形式，用作不可数名词。如: He looked at me in amazement. 他惊奇地看着我。 To my amazement, I passed the test easily. 令我吃惊的是，我轻易地通过了考试。3. too many和too much的用法too many意为“太多”“过多”，常用作定语，后接可数名词的复数。如: He made too many mistakes in his composition. 他的作文里的错误太多了。 There are too many cars on the roads. 马路上汽车太多了。 There are too many people on the bus. 公交车上有太多的人。 There are too many problems on his mind. 他心事重重。too much可以修饰不可数名词，在句中作定语;too much还可以单独使用，相当于一个代词，在句中作主语、宾语或表语;too much还可用作副词，在句中作状语，表示“过多”“太多”(= more than enough)。如: He has too much trouble in his life. 他生活中的麻烦太多了。(作定语) Too much has been said today. 今天说得太多了。(作主语) He eats too much, so he is much too fat. 他吃得太多，所以太胖了。(作宾语) The work is too much for me. 这工作我干不了。(作表语) Youre asking too much. 你问得太多了。(作状语) Dont let the children watch TV too much. 不要让孩子们过多地看电视。(作状语)【注】too much一般不能单独用在be动词之后。我们可以说There was too much noise，但不能说The noise was too much.4. Although theres still a long way to go, we must continue to the end.虽然有很长的路要走，但是我们一定要坚持到底。to go是动词不定式用作定语，修饰名词way。a long way是不定式to go的逻辑状语。不定式作定语，位置都在名词之后，它与名词的关系有下列几种:名词是不定式的逻辑状语: Is this the way to do it? 这是干这事的办法吗? It is time to start. 是开始的时候了。 The government has announced new measures to deal with inflation.政府宣布了对付通货膨胀的新措施。名词是由动词变来的，原动词和不定式是动宾关系: Annes desire to please her mother-in-law was clear to all of us.安妮希望讨好她的婆婆，这一点我们都清楚。 She expressed a wish to earn her own living. 她表达了要自己谋生的愿望。 The managing director announced his intention to retire. 总经理宣布了他打算退休。 You have not kept your promise to write me more frequently.你没有遵守常给我写信的诺言。 You have no need to worry. 你没有担心的必要。名词是由形容词变来的，原形容词和不定式是固定搭配: His anxiety to go was obvious. 他渴望走，这一点很明显。 She was dying with curiosity to know where we had been. 她极想知道我们到哪去了。 I feel doubtful about his ability to do the work. 我有点怀疑他做这项工作的能力。名词是不定式的逻辑宾语: He has a large family to support. 他要养活一个大家庭。 There are some difficulties to overcome. 有些困难要克服。 You have given me much to think about. 你使我想了很多。 He is not a man to trifle with. 他不是一个容易对付的人。不定式的逻辑主语有三种情况:句子的主语;不定式修饰的名词;用介词for或of引出: I have something to do. 我有些事情要做。 He was the first to arrive and the last to leave. 他是第一个来最后一个走。 This is the best book on the subject to appear this year. 这是今年出版的有关这个问题的最好的书。 It is kind of you to say so. 你说这些话太好了。 Here is a new book for you to read. 这里有一本新书你可以看一看。5. continue一词的用法continue作及物动词，意为“继续(做某事)”，后面跟名词、代词、不定式或动名词。如: The meeting will be continued after a break. 休息后再继续开会。 The young man continued his study after his father died. 在父亲死后，他将中断的学业继续下去。 The rain continued falling/to fall all afternoon.这场雨整整一个下午都下个不停。【注】continue用在引语后，意为“接着说”。如: “I like your country very much,” he continued. 他接着说:“我非常喜欢你们的国家。”continue作不及物动词，意为“继续(下去)”“延续”。如: They continued on for two kilometers. 他们又继续向前行进了两公里。 The rain continued for two days. 雨连续下了两天。 Are you going to continue with the project? 你打算继续做这个项目吗? She will continue in her present job until a replacement can be found.在没有找到替换人以前，她将继续她目前的工作。 The winter continued damp and wet. 这个冬天一直潮湿多雨。6. Wake me up on your way back. 你回来时叫醒我。wake up意为“醒来”“把叫醒”。up是副词，如果后面接宾语时，要注意宾语的位置:如果宾语是代词，则必须位于wake和up之间;如果宾语是名词，则既可以位于wake和up之间，也可以位于up之后。如: The old man woke up in the midnight. 这老人半夜自己醒了。 The child woke up and began to cry. 那小孩子醒了就开始哭。 The noise work me up. 那噪音把我吵醒了。 Its 7:00 now. Please wake up Jim. = Its 7:00 now, Please wake Jim up.现在七点钟了，请把吉姆叫醒。 Dont talk so loud. Youll wake them up. 别那么大声说话，你会把他们吵醒的。wake up还可表示“觉醒”“觉悟”“使觉醒”“使觉悟”。如: More and more oppressed people are waking up. 越来越多的被压迫人民在觉醒。 I wish you would wake up! 我真希望你醒悟过来!7. Chinese knot中国结knot作名词，表示“(用线、绳、索等打的)结”。如: Tie the two ropes together with a knot. 将两条绳子打个结系在一起。 Make a knot at the end of the string. 在绳头上打个结。 Look, the girls hair is full of knots. 瞧!那女孩的头发打满了结。knot作名词，表示“(树枝/干上的)节子，节疤”。如: The body of the tree has a lot of knots in it. We have to choose another one.这棵树身上长满了节疤。我们得另选一棵。 The old man didnt find the knots in the wood. 那老人没有发现木头里的疤痕。 You can put the knot wood over there. 你们可以把有节木料放在那边。knot作名词，表示“一小群(人)”。如: Little knots of people were walking out of the building.人们三五成群从那幢大楼里走出来。 People are standing about in knots, waiting for the news.人们三五成群站着，等着消息。knot用作动词，有“打结”“把打结”的意思。如: The young man carefully knotted his tie. 年轻人仔细地打着领带。 She had a scarf knotted around her neck. 她把绕在脖子上的围巾打了个结。 I didnt knot the two ropes together. 我没有把两根绳子结在一起。 This wire is too difficult to knot easily. 这铁丝太不容易打结了。8. The currency used in China is the yuan. 在中国流通的货币是元。currency作名词，有“通货”“货币”的意思。如: Youll need some cash in local currency but you can also use your credit card.你将需要一些当地的货币现金，但也可以使用信用卡。 Today the USA currency is very strong now. 今天美国钞票很值钱。 The robber hid the paper currencies in a big bag and the gold currencies in a jar.强盗把纸币藏在一个大袋子里，把金币藏在一个坛子里。 Foreign currencies can be used to buy things in some shops in this city.这个城市里有几家商店可以用外币购物。currency作名词，是“通用”“流行”“流传”的意思。如: The term “post-industrial” now has wide currency.“后工业化”这个术语现已广为使用。 The rumor soon gained currency. 谣言不胫而走。 Most slang words have short currency. 大多数俚语只通用一时。 Dont give currency to idle gossip. 不要传播闲言。9. At the centre of Beijing is the Forbidden City. 紫禁城位于北京市中心。forbidden主要用作形容词，意思为“被禁止的、禁用的”。如: Parking forbidden. 禁止停车。 We mustnt enter the forbidden zone. 我们不能进入禁区。 That is the story about the forbidden fruit. 那就是关于禁果的故事。 The conversation was in danger of wandering into forbidden territory.谈话很可能离题而涉及严禁讨论的领域。forbid作动词，有“禁止”“不准”“妨碍”的意思。它的过去式和过去分词是forbade和forbidden。如: Photography is strictly forbidden in the museum. 博物馆内严禁摄影。 Smoking is forbidden here. 这里禁止抽烟。 My father forbade me to watch television. = My father forbade my watching television.我父亲不准我看电视。 The doctor has forbidden me sugar. 医生禁止我吃糖。10. almost与nearly的用法almost用作副词，意为“几乎”“差不多”，可用来修饰形容词、副词、动词等，表达的意义要比nearly强。如: Hurry up-its almost time for school. 赶快，差不多到上学时间了。 I almost dropped the plate. 我差点把碟子掉子。 Almost a third of the freshmen said they were working during the summer vacation.几乎三分之一的一年级学生说他们在暑假期间打工。 They have lived there for almost 20 years. 他们在那儿住了差不多有二十年了。 I almost forgot that it was her birthday today. 我差点忘了今天是她的生日。【注】almost修饰形容词、副词、动词，位置在被修饰的词语之前，通常不直接修饰名词。almost可以与no, none, nobody, nothing, never连用而nearly则不可。如: Almost no one believed her. 几乎没有人相信她。 I almost never see her. 我几乎从未见过她。 Almost none of the students passed the exam. 几乎没有学生通过考试。 Theres almost no place to sit. 差不多没地方坐了。nearly意为“几乎”“差不多”，可以修饰不定代词、动词、介词短语等，表达的意义要比almost弱。如: Nearly all the guests are here. 差不多所有客人都到了。 He thinks that he knows nearly everything. 他自认为几乎无所不知。 Im nearly ready. 我差不多准备好了。 She nearly won first prize. 她几乎得到头奖。nearly用作数词前，意为“大约”“差不多”。如: Its nearly 5 oclock. 大约五点钟了。 Hes nearly sixty. 他差不多60岁了。not nearly意为“相差很远”“远远少于”，相当于far from, much less than。如: There isnt nearly enough time to learn all these new words.要把这些新词都学会了，时间远远不够。 We are not nearly ready for the inspection. 对检查一事，我们还远远未准备好。 It is not nearly so easy as you think. 这远不是你们所想的那么容易。 There are not enough people here to do the job. 这工作远非这里的人就能干好的。11. The emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties used to live here.明朝和清朝的皇帝过去常常住在这里。used to do表示“过去常常做某事”，言外之意就是现在已不是如此，因此没有现在时，后面总是跟不定式。如: It used to be a very rich village. 这个村子以前很富。 We used to help him a lot when he first came here. 他刚来时我们经常给他以帮助。 She used to come and see me a lot. 她以前常来看我。【注】used to构成疑问句时可借助于助动词did或直接将used移至主语之前。如: Did you used to see each other? = Used you to see each other?你们以前经常相互见面吗?used to在构成否定时可借且于didnt，也可直接在used后面加not构成。如: She didnt use to drink. = She used not to drink. 她过去不常喝酒。be used to +名词或动名词表示“习惯于某事或做某事”，这里to为介词，后面的动词须用-ing形式。如: Im really not used to such close and wet weather.我实在不习惯这样闷热且潮湿的天气。 Hes used to being treated like that. 他已习惯于被那样对待。 Im used to dealing with matters of this kind. 我已习惯于处理这类事。【注】连系动词get, become, grow, seem等可用来代替be，和used to连用，强调逐渐习惯的过程。如: Youll get used to that in time. 你很快就会对此习惯的。 Ive become used to such food. 我已习惯吃这样的食品。be used to do表示“被用来做某事”，这里be used是被动语态，后面接不定式。如: This room is used to store rice. 这间屋是用来存放稻谷的。 This word can be used to replace that word. 这个单词可以用来代替那个单词。12. It was changed to a museum about 70 years ago.大约在七十年以前，它被改成了博物馆。change用作及物动词，意为“改变”“变化”“使改变”。如: He changed his name and address. 他更改了他的姓名和地址。 The wind has changed direction. 风改变了方向。 Leaves change colour in autumn. 秋天，树叶改变了颜色。 Information technology has changed the way people work.信息技术已改变了人们的工作方式。【注】过去分词可作表语或定语。如: Yes, she was utterly changed. 是的，她有了非常大的变化。 She was a changed girl. 她完全变了一个人。change用作及物动词，意为“换(衣、药、钱等)”“交换”。如: She likes changing her clothes when she wants to go out.她想要出去时，喜欢换换衣服。 Remember to change their dressing in time. 记得及时给他们换药。 Yesterday they changed their seats with the children in the cinema.昨天在电影院里，他们和孩子们调了一下座位。 Can you change the dollars into RMB? 你能把这些美元换成人民币吗?change用作不及物动词，意为“改变”“变化”“换衣”“换车”。如: Pudong has changed a great deal. 浦东发生了巨大变化。 Mike hasnt changed. He looks exactly the same as he did at school.迈克一点没有变，他和上学时一模一样。 I went into the bedroom to change. 我走进卧室更衣。 Where do I get off to change to Bus 14? 换十四路公共汽车在哪儿下? Passengers for Xian change at Zhengzhou. 到西安的旅客在郑州换车。change用作名词，有“变化”“改变”“转变”“更改”的意思。如: Great changes have taken place since he left. 他离开后变化很大。 We must make a change in the plan. 我们应该对计划作一点更动。change用作不可数名词，有“找头”“零钱”的意思。如: I have no change about me. 我身边没有零钱。 I dont have any small change to leave as a tip. 我没有零钱留下来付小费。13. You will be attracted by its beautiful design, and the clothes and furniture that the emperors used in the past.你会被它美丽的设计、过去皇帝穿的衣服和用的家具所吸引。attract是动词，表示“吸引”“引起”兴趣、关注、赞赏等，后面的宾语可以是人，也可以是sth.。如: He was attracted by her smile. 他被她的微笑所吸引。 I guess it was her eyes that attracted me first. 我想是她的眼睛先迷住了我。 What attracts me most to the job is the chance to travel.这份工作最吸引我的是有旅行的机会。 Her new book has attracted a lot of attention. 她的新书吸引了许多人的注意。 It was so noisy that he had to shout to attract attention.太吵闹了，他不得不高声叫喊以吸引他人的注意。 The story has attracted a lot of interest in the media. 该报道引起了传媒的广泛关注。【注】attract后接sb.作宾语时，常可与介词to连用，attract sb. to sth.意为“吸引某人到某事物上来”，如句;attract后接sth.作宾语时，作宾语的名词通常为attention, interest等，如句、和。表示吸引某人的注意力可以说attract/invite/draw/call ones attention;表示“注意别人或其他事物”应说pay attention to sb./sth.，两者意思相反，如:Her sweet voice attracted others attention. (她甜美的声音吸引了人们的注意。)动词attract还可以表示“招引”“吸引”“引诱”的意思。如: A magnet attracts iron. 磁石吸铁。 Flowers attract bees. 花招引蜜蜂。 The company is trying to attract good college graduates.这家公司试图吸引优秀的大学毕业生。 Theyre trying to use low rents to attract more new business to this area.他们试图用低租金来吸引更多新企业到这一地区来。attraction是动词attract的名词形式，意为“引力”“吸引力”“诱惑力”“吸引或诱惑人的人或物”。如: The attraction of the moon for the earth causes the tide.月球对地球的吸引力引起了潮汐。 Being your own boss is one of the attractions of owning your own business.自己当老板是拥有自己的企业的吸引力之一。 The beautiful beaches are the islands main attraction.美丽的海滩是这个岛吸引人的主要之处。14. Just next to the Forbidden City is Tian anmen Square.紧挨着紫禁城的是天安门广场。just作副词，意为“正好”“恰好”，作此意解时通常只用于肯定句中。如: It is just two oclock. 现在正好两点钟。 This is just the point. 问题就在这里。 I was just going when she came in. 她进来时我正要走。【注】just意为“正好”“恰好”，表示强调，是副词，作状语，修饰形容词、动词、副词等。如: That is just long enough. 那正够长。 He was just standing when the bell rang. 铃响时他正要站起来。 She was sitting just here. 她那时就坐在这儿。 Thats just what I wanted. 我要的正是那个。just作副词，可表示“仅仅”“只是”。如: Just a line to let you know that I have arrive in Shanghai.略写几句告诉你，我已到达上海。 He is just a child. 他只是个孩子。just作副词，还可表示“刚才”“方才”。如: He was just here. 他刚才还在这儿。 He just told me about it. 他刚才才告诉我这件事。 He has just left here. 他刚离开这儿。【注】just意思是“刚才”“方才”，英国英语中常与现在完成时连用，置于助动词和动词之间;just now表示“片刻之前(= a moment ago)”，与过去时连用，不与完成时连用。在美国英语中，just常被置于动词前，与过去时连用。如: I have just seen her. 我刚刚见过她。 I saw him just now. 我刚才见到了他。 The train has just arrived. 火车刚刚到了。 The train jus arrived. 火车刚刚才到。just用作副词，常与only连用，意思是“勉勉强强地”“差一点就不能”“好不容易才”。如: We could just see the roof. 我们勉强能看到屋顶。 I only just caught the last bus. 我差一点赶不上末班公共汽车。 I just managed to finish the work. 我好不容易才完成工作。just用于祈使句句首，以加强说话人的语气，意思是“试请”“且请”。如: Just think of the result! 就请考虑一下后果吧! Just a moment, please. 请稍等片刻。 Just feel it! 你摸摸看!15. peace一词的用法peace作不可数名词，意为“和平”“安静”“平静”。如: We love peace but we are not afraid of war.我们热爱和平，但我们也不怕战争。 After the war, there were ten years of peace. 战后有十年的和平时期。 Here is peace in the countryside at night. 农村夜间是安静的。 A man who is wanted by the police can have little peace of mind.被警察追捕的人的心情是不会太平静的。 Knowing that she had arrived safely restored my peace of mind.得知她已平安到达，我就安心了。peace作名词，还可以解释为“和约”。如: Peace was signed in the spring of that year. 和约是在那年春天签订的。 A peace was at last signed between the two countries. 两国终于签订了和约。peaceful作形容词，意为“安静的”“和平的”“平静的”“爱好和平的”。如: The hillsides looked very peaceful. 山坡上看来十分宁静。 China is a peaceful nation. 中国是一个爱好和平的国家。 I want to live in a place more peaceful than here. 我想住在一个比这里更安静的地方。in peace意为“安静”“安宁”。如: Leave me in peace to read my book. 让我安静地看书吧。 Leave him in peace; hes trying to work. 别吵他，他要工作。make peace意为“休战”“讲和”。如: The two countries made peace. 这两个国家休战了。 The leaders of the two nations decided to make peace. 两国领导人决定讲和。16. It is the biggest square in the world and is always filled with tourists.它(天安门广场)是世界上最大的广场，并总是挤满了游客。fill是动词，意思是“(使)充满”“(使)装满”，表示一个动作。如: Please fill the glass with water. 请把杯子注满水。 He filled the bag with clothes. 他把包装满衣服。fill也可表示一个状态，相当于be filled with，但表达形式不同，请注意下面的表达法。 Smoke filled the room. = The room was filled with smoke. 房间里浓烟弥漫。 Tears filled her eyes. = Her eyes were filled with tears. 她眼睛里充满了泪水。 People were filled with pleasure at the news. 听了这个消息，人们心中充满了喜悦。【注】句是一种引申用法，不宜说Pleasure filled people。full是形容词，意思是“满的”“充满的”。Be full of = be filled with，都表示状态，但介词搭配不一样。如: The bag is full of (或filled with) books. 包里装满了书。 His homework was full of (或filled with ) mistakes. 他的作业里都是错误。17. Many of them gather here to watch the raising of the national flag at sunrise every day.每天，他们中有许多人在太阳升起的时候聚集在这里看升国旗。gather用作动词，意为“集合”“聚集”“靠拢”。如: Thousands of people gathered for the rock concert.数以千计的群众聚集起来听摇滚音乐会。 A crowd soon gathered. 很快聚集起一群人。 A musical evening with the whole family gathered round the piano.全家围在钢琴旁的音乐晚会。gather也可作“采集”“收集”“收拾”解释。如: She gathered her belongings and set off. 她把东西收拾好，就走了。 It was the time for gathering the harvest of corn. 该收玉米了。 Lets gather some flowers for the festival! 让我们为庆祝节日采些花吧! Children are interested gathering shell-fish at low tide.孩子们喜欢在落朝时采集贝壳动物。 The moment the wheat was gathered in, a storm broke out.麦子刚收好，就下了一场暴雨。collect作“收集”“聚集”“收藏”“使集中”解。如: The student collected (= gathered) his books and went ou