高中英语句子基本成分分析讲解

Membersofsentence句子成分,句子成分sentencemembers,主语(subject)谓语(predicate)宾语(object)表语(predicative),定语(attribute)状语(adverbial)补语(complement),noun-n.adjective-adj.adverb-adv.verb-v.(vt./vi),1.Subject（主语）主语是执行句子行为或动作的主体,Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutquickly.Fourplusfouriseight.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,可做主语的有：名词，代词，数词，动名词（V-ing），不定式，主语从句（it是形式主语，主语从句才是真主语。Itisclearthatyouliedtome.,2.Predicate（谓语）说明主语的动作，状态或特征,简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;HecanspeakEnglishwell.,_,_,_,1.Thesunwasshining.2.Themoonrose.3.Whocares?4.Theytalkedforhalfanhour.5.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.,Predicative（表语）,系动词之后紧接的成分(名词，代词，adj，副词介词短语），与系动词一同构成句子的谓语，表示主语的性质，状态和特征Heisasleep.Iamateacher.Hisfatherisin.Thepictureisonthewall.,四.宾语,1)动作的承受者动宾（名词，代词，数词，动名词，不定式,宾语从句）Ihateyou.Ienjoyworking.Ihopetoseeyouagain.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid？,宾语,2）介词后的名词，代词和动名词介宾结构Areyouafraidofthesnake？Underthesnow，therearemanyrocks.,宾语,3）双宾语-间接宾语（指人）和直接宾语（指物）Hegivemeabook.Givethepoormansomemoney.,四.宾语补足语补充说明宾语的特征，状态等,Ifoundthebookinteresting.Doyousmellsomethingburning?Hemadehimselfknowntothem.Sheaskedmetolendherahand.Pleasemakeyourselfathome.Pleasekeepthedogout.Wemustkeepitasecret.,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,可形成宾补的动词主要有:,let/have/makesb.dosth.（使役v.）2.ask/want/tell/allow/wish/get/expect/encourage/invite/teachsb.todosth.,3.find/see/hear/watch/notice/feelsb.dosth./sb.doingsth.4.helpsb.(to)dosth5.常考:find(认为)/keep/leaveeg.Ifindthebookinteresting,主语补足语对主语的补充说明,Hewaselectedmonitor.Weelectedhimmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthehouse.wefoundhersinginginthehouse,六.定语句中修饰或限制名词或代词的词，词组或者句子（即是：定语从句）,Heisacleverboy.MissWangisawomanteacher.Thereare54studentsinourclass.DoyouknownBettyssisterThereisasleepingboy.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.,形容词,名词,数词,名词所有格,现在分词,过去分词,_,_,_,_,_,_,Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?Thereisnothinginterestinginthisbook.,_,_,_,_,_,_,七.状语,用于修饰形容词,动词或句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等.Iwillbebackinawhile.Theyareplayingontheplayground.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain.,Iwaitedtoseeyou.Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.Thisbookisveryinteresting.Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness.Healwayscomeslatetoschool.,ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.,主语,谓语,定语,宾语,同位语,状语,Exercises:分析句子结构,1.Youareahard-workingstudent.2.Hefelthappytoday.3.Whatyousaidmademehappy.4.Couldyougivemesomeadvice?5.Helikespop