3.定从和主语的选择.ppt

,定语从句的翻译,一、前置法二、省略法三、重复法四、融合法五、定语状语转换法,一、前置法1.Thefinewouldserveasawarningtoothermotoristswhodrovewithoutduecare.罚款对于驾车不够小心的司机可以起到警告作用。2.Theeraofglobalizationhasbegunwithnewcommunicationandinformationtechnologies,andcapitalcouldflowfreelytothoseregions,industriesandcompaniesthatpromisethebestreturns.随着通信和信息技术的发展，全球化时代已经到来，资本可以自由地流向有望获得最大收益的地区、产业和公司。,二、省略法3.OneofthefeaturesofLondonisthenumberofbigstores,mostofwhicharetobefoundinorneartheWestEnd.伦敦的一大特色是大商店多，大多数位于西区及周边地区。4.Likethepressinmostothercountries,Americannewspapersrangefromthesensational,whichfeaturecrime,sexandgossip,totheserious,whichfocusonfactualnewsandtheanalysisofworldevents.美国报纸和其他国家一样，既有耸人听闻的小报，报道犯罪、色情和小道消息，也有严肃报刊，聚焦实事新闻，分析国际时事。,5.Scientistshavebeendevotedtodevelopinghigh-yieldricevarietiesthatsparkedthegreenrevolutioninthe1970s.科学家致力于开发高产水稻品种，从而引发了20世纪70年代的绿色革命。三、重复法6.Thehigh-techexplosionhascreatedanewgroupofworkersthatlikechallengeandtreasuretheindependenceandthediversityofwork.高科技迅速发展，造就了一批新的员工，他们喜欢挑战，珍视独立和工作的多样性。,7.CambridgeUniversityhasnurturedgreatscientists,thinkersandpoetssuchasNewton,Bacon,Milton,ByronandDarwin,whomadeoutstandingcontributiontotheprogressofmankind.剑桥大学培养出了牛顿、培根、弥尔顿、拜伦、达尔文这样伟大的科学家、思想家和诗人，他们为人类的进步做出了杰出的贡献。8.Notlongfromnow,theseeminglyendlessexpansionofcomputerpowerthathaspropelledthedigitalrevolutionofthepasttwodecadeswillstopunlessmajorbreakthroughstakeplace.电脑的能量似乎在无止境地扩大，推动了过去20年的革命，然而在不久的将来，如果没有大的突破，这种扩大将会终止。,四、融合法9.TheideathatthefamilyisthetraditionalunitofsocietyischallengedbyAmericanyouthwhoareincreasinglyturningdownmarriage.家庭是社会的传统组成成分，而美国青年越来越拒绝婚姻，使这种观念受到了挑战。10.Applepieisafavoritesweet,andEnglishpuddings,ofwhichtherearevarioustypes,areanexcellentendingtoameal,especiallyinwinter.苹果馅饼是人们喜爱的甜点，而英国布丁品种多样，用作一餐的最后一道点心再好不过，尤其在冬天更是如此。11.Technologyiscreatingaglobaleconomythatissupplantingtheoldnationaleconomies.（1）由技术带来的经济全球化正在取代旧有的民族经济。（2）技术正在使经济日趋全球化，这种经济形式正在取代旧有的民族经济。,12.Foundationsarebasedonthemoneythatwouldotherwisegotothegovernmentintaxes.基金会所依赖的资金本来会以税收的形式上缴政府。13.ThetrendofhomeworkingissurginginthefieldoffinancewheretradingcanbedoneviatheInternet.在金融界可以通过互联网进行交易，居家工作的潮流正在金融界兴起。14.Normally,intropicalregionswherethesunisverystrong,theoceansalinityishigherthanitisinotherpartsoftheworldwherethereisnotasmuchevaporation.通常热带地区阳光强烈，而其他地区海水蒸发量不如热带地区那么大，因此这些地区海水咸度要高些。,五、定语状语转换法15.Einstein,whoworkedoutthefamousTheoryofRelativity,wontheNobelPrizein1921.爱因斯坦由于创立了著名的相对论，于1921年获得了诺贝尔奖。16.TherewasnorespectevenforEinsteininHitlersGermany,whoonlywantedtothinkoftheproblemsbeyondtimeandspaceandpolitics.（1）爱因斯坦一心只想考虑超越时空和政治的问题，但是希特勒统治下的德国，就连他也得不到尊重。（2）希特勒统治下的德国，就连爱因斯坦也得不到尊重，因为他一心只想考虑超越时空和政治的问题。,17.Thedangerofarecessioninworldtradethatcouldhitallcountriescannotbeignored,butitwouldbearmostheavilyontheweakestpartnersintheworldeconomy.因为经济衰退的危险可能冲击到所有的国家，所以不容忽视，但是受到冲击最大的将是世界经济中最为弱小的国家。,主语的选择,一、英译汉中主语的选择,（一）Therebe结构主语的选择1、Inthe1960stherewasachangeinfashioninfavorofsmallcars.(1)20世纪60年代出现了一个变化，人们崇尚小型汽车。(2)20世纪60年代，时尚起了变化，人们开始喜欢小汽车。(3)20世纪60年代，时尚起了变化，小汽车受到人们的青睐。2、Therearealotofpinetreesontheslopeofthehill.山坡上长着许多松树。3、Theresitsaflowerbedinthemiddleofthegarden.园子中央有一座花坛。,4Therearefourtypesofsentencesintermsofstructure:simple,compound,complex,andcompound-complexsentences.按结构分，句子有四类：简单句、并列句、复合句和并列复合句。5Thereareovertwentyprintingerrors.印刷错误有二十多处。,6Theremaybeachancetowin.可能还有赢的机会。7Theresgoingtobeafineday.天要晴了。8Therecanneverbeanydiscussionastotheconsequencesofcorruption.无需讨论腐败的后果。9Therewasexpectedtobestrongdisagreementonthematter.对这件事的看法，估计有很大的分歧。,10Thereisapersistentdemandonthepartofparentsforanattackonpornographicpublications.家长一直要求对色情出版物进行打击。11Thereisagrowingconcernoverthepopulationgrowth.人们对人口的迅速增长越来越关注。12Therewascheerineveryfaceandaspringineverystep.人人喜笑颜开，步履轻快。,（二）倒装句主语的选择1、Thenbeganabitterwarbetweenthetwocountries.于是两国之间开始了恶战。2、Tothisclassbelongsthemostastonishingworkthattheauthoraccomplished.作者写就的那部惊世骇俗之作便是属于这一类。3、Sobrightwasthemoonthattheflowerswereasbrightasbyday.月色皎洁，照得花朵像白天一样鲜艳。,4Inthemiddleoftherectangular-shapedcourtyardstoodthreemagnoliatrees,allinfullbloom.长方形的院子里长着三株盛开的白玉兰。5AmongthegoodsareChristmastrees,flowers,candles,turkeysandtoys.货品中有圣诞树、花卉、蜡烛、火鸡和玩具。6Justasnecessaryforusasknowledgearesocialexperiences.对我们来说，和知识同样必需的是社会经历。,（三）英语中抽象概念作主语的翻译7Theisolationoftheruralworldbecauseofdistanceandthelackoftransportfacilitiesiscompoundedbythelackoftheinformationmedia.农村因为地处偏僻，交通不便，与外界隔绝。而通讯工具的缺乏，使农村更为闭塞。8Improvedhousinghasalsocontributedtoasharpenedsenseofaesthetics.改善居室环境也有助于增强审美意识。9Hiswearinessandtheincreasingheatdeterminedhimtositdowninthefirstconvenientshade.他疲惫不堪，天气又越来越热，于是想就近找个阴凉的地方，坐下歇会儿。,10Anawedhushfelluponthebystanders.旁观者吓得大气也不敢出。11AglancethroughhisofficewindowoffersapanoramicviewoftheWashingtonMonumentandtheLincolnMemorial.(1)从办公室窗口望去，他可以看见华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念堂的全景。(2)从他的办公室窗口望出去，华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念堂尽收眼底。12Thethickcarpetkilledthesoundofmyfootsteps.我走在厚厚的地毯上，声息全无。,13Hisactionwaspromptedbythefearofbeingattacked.他这样做是因为害怕受到攻击。14.Hisrealinterestslieoutsideworkinhisloveofmusic.(1)他真正的兴趣在工作之外，在于他所钟爱的音乐。(2)他真正的兴趣是在工作之外，在于他对音乐得喜好。(3)他最喜欢在工作之余，尽情欣赏音乐。,二、汉译英中主语的选择,1、什么都不能束缚你。Youreboundbynothing.2、在美国，人人都能够买到枪。IntheUnitedStates,everyonecanbuyguns.IntheUnitedStates,gunsareavailabletoeveryone.3、你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。Youcanobtainthisinformationontheinternet.Thisinformationisavailableontheinternet.,4、他突然想到了一个新主意。Hesuddenlythoughtoutanewidea.Suddenlyhehadanewidea.Anewideasuddenlyoccurredtohim.5、谁也不能以不懂法律来为自己辩解。Ignoranceofthelawexcusesnoman.,（一）汉语单句1、我们对两国关系的顺利发展，特别是经济技术合作的不断扩大，感到满意。Wearegratifiedwiththesmoothdevelopmentofrelationsbetweentwocountriesandparticularlythesteadygrowthofoureconomicandtechnologicalcooperation.2、我们进行政治体制改革，要有利于维护国家统一、民族团结、社会稳定。Thepoliticalreformshouldbeconductedinsuchamannerastopromotenationalreunification,unityandsocialstability.,3、当前，世界经济贸易形势总体趋好。(1)Atpresent,theoveralltrendintheworldseconomicandtradesituationisgettingbetter.(2)Atpresent,theworldseconomicandtradesituationisgenerallygettingbetter/turningforthebetter.4、一般来说，游览西湖及周围景点花上两天时间较为合适。(1)Generalspeaking,itisadvisableforatouristtohaveatwo-daytouroftheWestLakeandscenicspotsaroundit.(2)Generallyspeaking,atwo-daytourisidealfortheWestLakeandscenicspotsaroundit.,5、游览北京、上海、西安，最好是在春、秋两季。(1)SpringandautumnaresupposedtobethebesttimestotourcitieslikeBeijing,ShanghaiandXian.(2)ThebesttimestotourcitieslikeBeijing,ShanghaiandXianaresupposedtobespringandautumn.(3)Beijing,ShanghaiandXianareattheirbestfortourisminspringandautumn.,6、国有大中型企业建立现代企业制度的改革取得重要进展。(1)Significantadvancesweremadeintheestablishmentofamoderncorporatestructureinlargeandmedium-sizedState-ownedenterprises.(2)Chinahasmadesignificantadvancesintheestablishmentofamoderncorporatestructureinlargeandmedium-sizedState-ownedenterprises.7、素质教育继续推进。(1)Wecontinuedtodevelopeducationdesignedtoraisetheoverallqualityofstudents.(2)Continuedeffortsweremadetopromotequality-orientededucation.,8、中国的扶贫开发解决了两亿多农村贫困人口的温饱问题。Thankstotheeffortstoassistwiththedevelopmentofthepoorareas,theproblemoffoodandclothingformorethan200millionruralpoorhasbeensolved.9、经过20多年不懈的艰苦奋斗，中国的扶贫开发取得了巨大成就。Thankstothearduousandunremittingeffortsinthepastmorethantwodecades,Chinahasmadetremendousachievementsinitsdrivetoassistwiththedevelopmentofthepoorareas.,10、近年来，中国轻工业产品的出口有了长足的进步。(1)Inrecentyears,theexportofproductsinChinaslightindustrieshasseenconsiderablegrowth.(2)Inrecentyears,greatprogresshasbeenmadeintheexportofproductsinChinaslightindustries.11、一般加工工业生产能力过剩的矛盾仍较突出。Overproductionisstillaglaringprobleminordinaryprocessingindustries.,12、在全球市场迅猛发展的今天，贸易投资自由化和便利化的重要性变得更加突出。Tradeandinvestmentliberalizationandfacilitationhastakenonincreasedimportanceatatimewhenrapidchangesarereshapingtheglobalmarketplace.13、上海商业将广泛应用计算机技术，加快商业电子化步伐。ThecomputertechnologywillbewidelyusedintheShanghaiscommercialsectortoaccelerateitselectronicalization.,（二）汉语偏正结构1、生活中既有悲剧，文学作品就可以写悲剧。Tragediescanbewritteninliteraturesincethereistragedyinlife.2、这种担心看起来似乎没有根据，其实不然。Suchfearisnotasfar-fetchedasitmayseem.3、为协助你方尽早将我们的产品销入你们的市场，我们同意提前装货。Weagreetoadvanceourshipmenttoassistyouinintroducingourproductsintoyourmarketasearlyaspossible.,4、留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。Therewillneverbeashortageoffirewoodaslongasgreenhillsremain.5、如果考虑到劳动力的因素，我国生产率的平均水平长期以来一直很低。Theaveragelevelofproductivityinourcountryhadlongbeenlowwhenthequa