定冠词the的用法归纳

The的用法归纳 1 表示特指的人或物例：Please hand me the key on the desk. 请把桌上的钥匙递给我。The girl in red is his sister. 穿红色衣服的女孩是他妹妹。The building over there is the tallest in the town. 那边那幢大楼是这个城里最高的。I like the music of the film. 我喜欢这部电影的音乐。2 表示双方都知道的或心中明白的人或物例：Shut the door, please. 请关门。Has he returned the book? 那本书他还了吗？Take the blue one, it is cheaper. 拿那个蓝的，它便宜些。3 第二次提到某人或某物第一次提到时用不定冠词，第二次提到时要用定冠词。例：He saw a house in the distance. Jims parents lived in the house. 他看见远处有一所房子，吉姆的父母就住在那所房子里。There was once an old fisherman. The old fisherman had a cat. The cat was white. 从前有一个老渔夫。这个老渔夫有一只猫。这只猫是只白猫。4 用在世界上独一无二的名词前这类词有：the sun太阳, the earth地球, the moon月亮, the sky天空, the world 世界例：The moon goes round the earth. 月亮绕着地球转。There is not any cloud in the sky. 天空中没有一丝云彩。It was a fine day in spring. The sun shone brightly. 这是一个晴朗的春日，阳光灿烂。He is the richest man in the world. 他是世界上最富的人。5 用在表示方向、方位的名词前这类词有：the east东方，the west西方，the south南方，the north北方，the right右边，the left左边例：The birds are flying to the north. 这些鸟向北方飞去。The moon rises in the east and sets in the west. 月亮从东方升起，在西方落下。The wind was blowing from the south. 风从南方吹来。She lived to the west of the Summer Palace. 她住在颐和园的西边。Walk along the road and take the first turning on the right. 沿着这条路往前走，在第一个路口往右拐。He stood at the back of the door. 他站在门背后。提示方位词成对使用构成平行结构时，不用定冠词。例：The river is two thousand kilometers long from west to east. 这条河自西向2000公里长。They traveled through the country from south to north. 他们自南向北在这个国家旅行。6 用在形容词最高级前例：Summer is the hottest season of the year. 夏天是一年中最炎热的季节。She is the best person for the job. 她是最适合这个工作的人。Hangzhou is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. 杭州是世界上最美的城市之一。The car is the most expensive of the four. 这部车是四部车中最贵的。7 用在序数词等前定冠词用在序数词前，也用在表示序列的next, last等前，还有在表示“同一”或“唯一”等的词前。例：The first man to land on the moon is an American. 第一个登上月球的人是美国人。She was the fifth to climb to the top of the mountain. 她是第五个到达山顶的人。This may be the last chance. 这可能是最后一次机会。If I miss this train Ill catch the next one. 如果赶不上这趟火车，我就赶下一趟。He is the only person who knows the secret. 他是唯一一个知道这个秘密的人。The two coats are of the same colour. 这两件外衣颜色相同。This is the very book I want. 这正是我要的书。（用very表示强调）提示a 序数词表示“又一”时，前面用不定冠词a(an)例：He bought a second pair of shoes. 他又买了一双鞋。He asked a question, then a second, then a third他问了一个问题，又问了第二个，第三个b 序数词用作状语或表语时，前面不加定冠词。例：George arrived first. 乔治第一个到。=George was the first person to arrive.Jim and Jack are both second in the match. 汤姆和杰克在比赛中并列第二。8 用在单数名词前表示一类人或物，强调整个类别例：The orange is a kind of fruit. 橘子是一种水果。The horse is a useful animal. 马是一种有用的动物。The computer is important to us. 电脑对我们来说是重要的。提示不定冠词+单数名词，不带冠词的复数名词也可表示一类人或物。例：A car runs faster than a bus. 小汽车比公交车跑得快。Cars run faster than buses.A dog is a faithful animal. 狗是忠实的动物。Dogs are faithful animals.9 用在乐器名词前，表示演奏例：She can play the piano. 她会弹钢琴。He plays the violin very well. 他小提琴拉得很好。He played the guitar for the children. 他给孩子们弹了吉他。提示但乐器名词表示具体的器物，或表示课程时，不加the.例：He bought a piano last month. 他上个月买了一架钢琴。She taught piano in the school. 她在学校里教钢琴。10 用在江河、海洋、湖泊、群岛、山脉的名称前例：the Yangtze River 长江the Red Sea 红海the West Lake 西湖the Pacific 太平洋the Himalayas 喜马拉雅山the Nile 尼罗河the Rocky Mountains 落基山脉the South China Sea 南中国海提示例外的情况: Mount Tai泰山 China Daily中国日报11 用在由普通名词和另外一些词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前例：the Great Wall 长城the United Nations 联合国the New York Times 纽约时报the United States of America 美国the Red Cross Hospital 红十字医院the Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会the Shanghai Railway Station 上海火车站the Peoples Republic of China 中华人民共和国the North Pole 北极the Peoples Daily 人民日报12 用在某些形容词前，表示一类人或物或某种抽象概念例：the old 老年人the happy 幸福的人the poor 穷人the aged 老人the sick 病人the impossible 不可能的事the young 年轻人the rich 富人the blind 盲人the wounded 伤员the smooth 顺事the beautiful 美，美的东西例:The rich should help the poor. 富人应该帮助穷人。The good is what people like. 人们总是喜欢美好的东西。The wounded have been sent to the hospital. 伤员已经被送到医院去了。13 用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示全家人或这一姓的夫妇二人例：The Greens will more to the country. 格林一家要搬到乡下去。The Wangs came to see us yesterday. 王家一家人昨天来看我们。The Browns are very friendly. 布朗夫妇都很友好。14 用在表示计算单位的名词前，含有“每，每一”的意思例：Jim is paid by the hour. 吉姆的工资按小时付。Eggs are sold by the kilogram. 鸡蛋按千克出售。This cloth is sold by the yard. 这种布按码出售。It sells at three dollars the pound. 它以每磅三美元出售。They sell sugar by the pound. 他们按磅卖糖。15 用在前面已提到过的人的身体部位或衣着的名词前这种用法是先把整个对象说出来，然后再说到那个对象的身体的局部或衣着。结构：动词(hit, pull, pat, strike, catch, hold, take)+sb.+介词(in, on, by, across)+身体部位或衣着例：She touched him on the shoulder. 她碰了碰他的肩。He took the girl by the hand. 他拉着小女孩的手。He hit her on the nose. 他打了她的鼻子。The stone struck the man in the eye. 石头击中了那人的眼睛。I caught her by the right hand. 我抓住她的右手。比较：她拍了拍那男孩的头。She patted the boy on his head. （误，本结构中身体部位或衣着前不用ones）She patted the boy on the head. （正）16 用在逢十的复数数词前，表示年代，也指人的大约岁数例：The war broke out in the forties. 那场战争发生在40年代。He went abroad in the 1980s. 他在20世纪80年代出国的。The old man is in the seventies. 老人大约七十几岁。17 用在表示自然现象的名词前这类名词有：the rain 雨，the wind风, the fog雾，the snow雪, the air空气, the storm风暴，the snowstorm 暴风雪例：Dont stand in the rain. 不要站在雨中。The wind blew down the trees. 风把树刮倒了。The ship sank in the storm. 船在风暴中沉没了。The rain has cleaned the air. 下雨净洁了空气。The fog was so thick that we couldnt see the top of the hill. 雾很大，我们看不见山顶。提示a 这类名词前有形容词修饰时，可用不定冠词，表示“一场，一阵，一种”例：A cold wind is blowing from the north. 冷风从北方吹来。There was a heavy rain last night. 昨晚下了一场大雨。A heavy snow is falling outside. 外面正下着大雪。b 这类名词表示一般物质时，不用冠词。例：Rain falls in summer; snow falls in winter. 夏天下雨，冬天下雪。Man cant live without air. 没有空气人不能活。18 与复数名词连用，指整个群体例: They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师)They are teachers of this school.(指部分教师)19 表示所有，相当于物主代词，用在表示身体部位的名词前She caught me by the arm 她抓住了我的手臂。20 用在某些习惯用语中例：in the morning 在上午in the evening 在晚上in the field 在田野里in the country 在乡间in the sun 在阳光下in the distance 在远处on the right 在右边by the way 顺便说一下in the front of 在前部in the daytime 白天go to the concert 去听音乐会at (/in) the beginning 开始at the moment 当时，此刻all the year round 一年到头go to the cinema 去看电影go to the theatre 去看戏at the weekend 周末in the afternoon 在下午in the night 在夜里in the sky 在空中in the dark 在暗处in the rain 在雨中in the shade 在阴凉处on the left 在左边all the time 始终in the middle of 在中间on the way home 回家途中all the same 依然on the whole 总之at the same time 同时on the plane 在飞机上in the year 2008 在2008年the other day 前几天at the bottom of 在底部in the end 终于on the one hand, on the other hand 一方面，另一方面提示下面几个短语前不加定冠词：例：at dawn 在黎明at night 在晚上at noon 在正午at dusk 在黄昏一、辨析正误1、误I bought the dictionary yesterday. A dictionary is very good.正I bought a dictionary yesterday. The dictionary is very good.析在文章中第一次提到某物时用不定冠词，而第二次提到时用定冠词。2、误Please turn off lights before you leave.正Please turn off the lights before you leave.析虽然是第一次提到某物但说话双方均知其所指，也应用定冠词。3、误There are nine planets around a sun.正There are nine planets around the sun.析世上独一无二的天体等名词前应加定冠词，如：the earth, the moon, the sun, the sky, the sea.4、误I live on a second floor of this building.正I live on the second floor of this building.析在序数词，形容词最高级前要用定冠词。如：He is the oldest in the family.5、误I want to learn the second language this term.正I want to learn a second language this term.析在序数词的含意不是顺序中的第一第二，而其意在于再学一个，再来一个时，应用a，本句的意思应为：这学期我要学一门第二外语。6、误Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world.正The Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world.析在河流名称前应加定冠词，如：the Yellow River(黄河)。7、误Look, there are Alp.误Look, there are the Alp.正Look, there are the Alps.析具体的某一座山不加定冠词，如：Mountain Tai.但在山名称前加定冠词后，其山名要加s，来表示山脉。the Alps即为阿尔卑斯山脉。如:The Alps are in the center of Europe.8、误Times is one of the oldest newspapers in the world.正The Times is one of the oldest newspapers in the world.析报刊名称前应加定冠词。9、误Rich are not always happy.正The rich are not always happy.析在形容词前加定冠词表示一类人，而在姓的前面加定冠词，姓后加s表示某一家，如：The turners are going to move to New York.10、误I like to eat bread for breakfast. Bread sells in this shop is very good.正I like to eat bread for breakfast. The bread sells in this shop is very good.析物质名词特指时也应加定冠词。11、误The sun rises in east.正The sun rises in the east.析在方向、方位前应用定冠词，如：in the east, in the west, in the north, in the south, in the direction 及in the past, in the future12、误Do you know who invented telephone正Do you know who invented the telephone析在特定和专有事物或名称前要加定冠词，如：the English Channel 英吉利海峡the Panama Canal 巴拿马运河the Suez Canal 苏伊士运河13、误Would you please buy some food for the supper正Would you please buy some food for supper析泛指一日三餐前无定冠词。14、误I like to climb the mountain in the autumn.正I like to climb the mountain in autumn.析一年四季前不用定冠词，如：Spring is the best season in a year.15、误Sometimes my parents come to school to see me.正Sometimes my parents come to the school to see me.析有些名词被用作其本身原来所含目的时不加冠词，如：go to school上学，leave school(辍学)，after school(放学)，但如果当建筑物讲时应加冠词，如例句中其父母来校不是上学，而是看望孩子，则要加定冠词。又如，He was in hospital for two days.(他在医院住院两天了。)而：He went to the hospital to see his mother.他去医院看望他的母亲。16、误I bought a same dictionary as she bought.正I bought the same dictionary as she bought.析在惯用法the same, the only, the very前的定冠词不可换为不定冠词。17、误The police caught the thief by his arm.正The police caught the thief by the arm.析这是英文表达法与中文的明显不同之处，也是初学者极易忽视之处。在英语中的某些动词，如：catch(抓)，take(拿)，strike (打),pat(拍)，hit(击)，hold(握)，pull(拉)动词后应加人，再加介词on, by, in, with之后要加定冠词，再加人体的某一部位。这时的定冠词千万不要换作his, her, their, 等词。18、误He was paid by hour.正He was paid by the hour.析by和计量单位之间要有定冠词。这句话应译为：他的工资是按小时计算的。19、误I went to New York by his car.正I went to New York by car.正I went to New York in his car.析by仅仅与交通工具相连表示应用某种工具，而加了别的修饰词后其前面的介词也应作相应的转换。如：by car (坐小汽车)by taxi (坐出租车)by bike (骑自行车)by water (乘船)by air (乘飞机)by sea (乘船)20、误Mary began to learn how to play piano when she was three.正Mary began to learn how to play the piano when she was three.析在乐器前要加定冠词，而在球类游戏之前则不要加冠词，如：They like to play bridge when they are free. (他们空闲时爱打桥牌)21、误The little boy wanted to go to cinema.正The little boy wanted to go to the cinema.析英语中虽有一些名词与go to连用时不加定冠词，以表示该名词的内涵，如：go to school (上学)，go to bed(睡觉)等，但去看电影则例外，要用go to the cinema.这也是语言的一个特点。22、误I live at 105 the Lake street.正I live at 105 Lake Street.析街道名称前不用冠词。23、误Next summer holiday I will go to country to live on a farm.正Next summer holiday I will go to the country to live on a farm.析country既作国家讲也作乡村讲。作乡村讲时，一定要加定冠词，而且只有单数形式，作国家讲时则可有复数形式。如：Japan is a country .Japan, China, India are Asian countries.24、误The picture looks better at the distance.正The picture looks better at a distance.析at a distance意为“离开一定距离”。而in the distance为“远方，远处”。这样常用的词组有：as a rule (照例)in a hurry (匆忙)in the morning/afternoon (上/下午)in the sun (在阳光下)in the rain (雨中)in the same way (同样)in the shade (在阴凉处)in the day time (白天)in the end (最终)on the other hand (换句话说)on the contrary (相反)25、误The little boy and girl walk along the street a hand in