高三英语语法句子种类与类型

EnglishGrammarSentenceII,英语句子种类与类型,I、句子种类（按交际用途分）陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、THERE-BE存在句II、句子类型（按句子结构分）简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句,提纲,I、句子种类（按交际用途分）陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、THERE-BE存在句,1、陈述句说明一个事实或陈述一个看法，有肯定式和否定式，语序是主语在前，位于在后。Shearrivedearly.Shecannothavearrivednow.注：1）半否定句Ihardlyknowanythingaboutit.2）部分否定句与全否定句Idontlikeboththefilms.IlikeneitherCathynorMary.3)否定转移Idontthinkitwillbeverycoldtoday.(believe,expect,suppose,imagine),I、句子种类,2、疑问句有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反义疑问句。,I、句子种类,1）一般疑问句用来询问一件事，答案通常是yes或no，注意语序。Haveyouanythingtosay?Didsomeonephonemelastnight?Cantyouunderstandit?Isntitabeautifullake?-HaventyoubeentotheUK?-No,Ihavent.,2）特殊疑问句疑问词有who,whose,what,which,where,when,why,how等。,I、句子种类,（1）陈述语序Whowasthefirstmaninspace?（2）倒装语序Whoareyoutalkingabout?,注：A、简略式Whynotgoalone?Whygetsoangry?How/Whatabouttakingarest?B、复杂特殊疑问句Whatdoyouthinkhehasdone?,I、句子种类,3）选择疑问句(1)以一般疑问句为基础Isheateacheroradoctororapoliceman?ShallIhelpyouorcanyoumanage?(2)以特殊疑问句为基础Whichdoyouprefer,redwineorwhite?Howshallwegothere?Bybusorbytrain?,I、句子种类,4）反义疑问句问：+，-？或-，+？答：+，+.或-，-.,1.TomhardlyknowsFrench,_?2.Marydidntfailherexam,didshe?-_,shedidnt.3.Youneedntcome,_you?Youneedtocome,_you?4.Hehadabigtimethere,_he?Hehadacar,_he?Wehardlyhavetogetupearly,_we?5.HeusedtoliveinLeeds,_he?,6.Letsgotothematchatonce,_we?Leavemealone,_you?7.Theyhavebeenlearningtodrive,_they?8.Noonewashurt,_?9.Thereisnodoubt()aboutit,_?10.AnnahasntgottogotoschoolonSunday,_she?,I、句子种类,4）反义疑问句,3、祈使句表达命令、要求、请求、劝告等，用原形。,I、句子种类,1）带第二人称的祈使句Bequiet,please.Dontmakeanynoise!Youcallataxi.Dontyouforgetit.(强调)Givemeahand,will/wont/would/wouldnyou?2）带第一、三人称的祈使句Letmetryagain.Letsgo.Letusgo.Letsnotsayanythingaboutit./DontletssayLethimbehereby10oclock.,I、句子种类,3、祈使句,注意：1、加强语气Dobecarefulofmybrokenleg.Doletmehaveanothertry.2、祈使句的省略式A:ShallIopenthewindow?B:Yes,pleasedo./No,pleasedont.A:Shallwewatchthegame?B:Yes,lets.,4、感叹句由what或how引导的，表示惊奇、愤怒、赞赏、喜悦等。,I、句子种类,Whatacutebabyitis!Whatfineweatherwehavetoday!Whatagoodtimewehadlastnight!Howfoolishsheis!Howclearlyyouspeak!Howcleveraboyheis!*Whatadirtyroom,_?Whatinterestingfilms,_?,I、句子种类,5、THERE-BE存在句,Thereisaclockonthetable.OncetherelivedakingcalledLear.Theregoesthebell!Herecomethebus.Herehecomes.Thereusedtobeavillageatthefootofthemountain.Thereiscertaintobeaheavyraintonight.Thereseemstobesomemisunderstanding.Thereisababycryinginthenextdoor.Therebeingnobus,wehadtowalkhome.,II、句子类型（按句子结构分）简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句,二、句子类型,1、简单句只包含一个主谓结构，个个成分都是单词或短语的句子。,AllroadsleadtoRome.Hegotup,dressedquickly,washedhimselfandwentout.Isheasuperman?Dontbeshy.Haveatry.Themandressedinblackseemstobeaspy.,二、句子类型,2、并列句包含两个或更多互不依从的主谓结构，分句由并列连词and,then,but,or,orelse,so,for,while,when;bothand,eitheror,neithernor,notonly,butalso,aswellas等来连接。,Heisabasketballfan,andhiswifeisavolleyballfan.Honeyissweet,butthebeestings.Dontbelate,forthereisameeting.Hurryup,oryoullbelate.Heworkshardwhilehisbrotherisalazybone.HewasenjoyinghisKFCwhenafriendcame.,二、句子类型,3、复合句复合句的某个成分，如主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语、状语等，由另一个句子承当。,（1）名词性从句主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句统称为名词性从句。宾语从句注意事项：引导词、语序、时态呼应、语态。主语/表语/同位从句注意事项：引导词、语序、语态。注意：1、whether与if的区别；2、陈述句变来的名词性从句由什么引导。那么，一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、感叹句变来的呢？,二、句子类型,3、复合句（2）定语从句=先行词+引导词+其它。,引导词的选用取决于：1）先行词；2）先行词的修饰语；3）引导词在定语从句中的成分。注意：定语从句中的主谓一致；,3、复合句(3)状语从句即用作状语的分句,可作下列状语：1、时间（after,before,as,when,while,since,till,until,whenever,aslongas,assoonas;themoment,everytime,nexttime;nosoonerthan,hardlywhen）；2、地点（where,wherever）；3、方式（as,asif,asthough）；4、程度（asas,morethan,sothat,suchthat）；,二、句子类型,5、原因（because,since,as,nowthat,that）；6、结果（,sothat,sothat,suchthat）；7、目的（sothat,inorderthat,incase）；8、条件（if,unless）；9、让步（though,although,evenif,eventhough,inspiteofthefactthat,whenever,wherev