unit 3 online travel_2

精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创1/23UNIT3ONLINETRAVEL莲山课件MUNIT3ONLINETRAVEL一、教学内容UNIT3ONLINETRAVELGRAMMAR二教学目标掌握UNIT3的词法结构和用法PASSIVEVOICE1被动语态结构BE动词的过去分词。2重点掌握以下6种情况的被动语态一般现在时的被动语态AM/IS/ARE过去分词一般过去时的被动语态WAS/WERE过去分词一般将来时的被动语态WILLBE过去分词/AM/IS/AREGOINGTOBE过去分词现在进行时的被动语态AM/IS/AREBEING过去分词现在完成时的被动语态HAVE/HASBEEN过去分词含有情态动词的被动语态情态动词BE过去分词3重点掌握两种特殊情况的被动语态含有使役动词、感官动词和HELP后接不带TO的动词不定式改为被动语态时要加上TO。精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创2/23双宾语的情况改为被动语态时有两种改法。4特别注意HAPPENTAKEPLACE及系动词FEEL,SOUND,TASTE,SMELL,LOOK等没有被动语态的情况。经典讲解被动语态英语中的语态VOICE英语中有两种语态主动语态和被动语态。1主动语态ACTIVEVOICE表示主语是动作的发出者、执行者MANYPEOPLESPEAKENGLISH主语MANYPEOPLE发出、执行了SPEAK的动作2被动语态PASSIVEVOICE表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的接受者。ENGLISHISSPOKENBYMANYPEOPLE主语ENGLISH是动词SPEAK的承受者。被动语态的构成被动语态由“BE及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过BE动词的变化表现出来的。现以TEACH为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时AMISARETAUGHT一般过去时WASWERETAUGHT一般将来时WILLSHALLBETAUGHT精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创3/23现在进行时AMISAREBEINGTAUGHT过去进行时WASWEREDOINGTAUGHT现在完成时HAVEHASBEENTAUGHT（一）一般现在时的被动语态一般现在时被动语态表示经常性、习惯性的被动动作。AM/IS/AREDONE改为被动语态EG1HISBROTHERWASHESBOWLSEVERYDAYBOWLSAREWASHEDBYHISBROTHEREVERYDAYEG2ADOGFOLLOWSMEIMFOLLOWEDBYADOGEG3FOOTBALLISPLAYEDALLOVERTHEWORLD否定句FOOTBALLISNOTPLAYEDALLOVERTHEWORLD一般疑问句ISFOOTBALLPLAYEDALLOVERTHEWORLD翻译句子1这些玩具是中国制造的。THESETOYSAREMADEINCHINA2这个公园是为老年人建造的。THEPARKISBUILTFORTHEOLD精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创4/23【典型例题】一般现在时的主动语态变被动语态1BRUCEWRITESALETTEREVERYWEEK【答案】ALETTERISWRITTENBYBRUCEEVERYWEEK2THISFACTORYPRODUCESMACHINETOOLS【答案】MACHINETOOLSAREPRODUCEDINTHISFACTORY3THEYOFTENMAKEFUNOFHER【答案】SHEISOFTENMADEFUNOF4EVERYONERESPECTSHER【答案】SHEISRESPECTEDBYEVERYONE5WECLEANOURCLASSROOMEVERYDAY【答案】OURCLASSROOMISCLEANEDBYUSEVERYDAY6DOYOUWASHYOURCLOTHESVERYOFTEN【答案】AREYOURCLOTHESWASHEDVERYOFTEN7MOSTPEOPLEINTHEUSASPEAKENGLISH精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创5/23【答案】ENGLISHISSPOKENBYMOSTPEOPLEINTHEUSA8PEOPLELISTENTOTHISPROGRAMMEINMANYCOUNTRIES【答案】THISPROGRAMMEISLISTENEDTOINMANYCOUNTRIES9PEOPLESPEAKENGLISHINMANYCOUNTRIES【答案】ENGLISHISSPOKENINMANYCOUNTRIES10DOYOUOFTENCLEANYOURROOM【答案】ISYOURROOMOFTENCLEANEDBYYOU（二）一般过去时的被动语态一）掌握一般过去时的被动语态的概念及构成一般过去时的被动语态表示过去经常性、习惯性的被动性动作或过去某一时刻发生的被动性动作。句型格式WAS/WEREDONE即由主语动作承受者WAS/WERE过去分词BY施动者构成。与主动语态相比,被动语态中主语是谓语动作的执行者。无需说明动作执行者时可省去“BY动作执行者”。句中主语就是原主动语态的宾语，动作执行者就是原主动语态的主精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创6/23语。WAS,WERE由主语单复数形式而定，主语为第三人称单数名词或代词或I时用WAS，主语为复数名词或代词或YOU时用WERE。例1去年，我是由赵老师教的。IWASTAUGHTBYMISSZHAOLASTYEAR2那些信是由一位有名作家写的。THOSELETTERSWEREWRITTENBYAFAMOUSWRITER3昨天晚上那条裙子被买走了。THATSKIRTWASBOUGHTLASTNIGHT4我的书在哪里刚才它被放在桌子上的。WHEREISMYBOOKITWASPUTONTHEDESKJUSTNOW5这座桥是去年十月份建的。THISBRIDGEWASBUILTINOCTOBERLASTYEAR这些蛋糕是我妈妈昨天晚上做的。THESECAKESWEREMADEBYMYMOTHERLASTNIGHT女孩说她经常被她兄弟打。THEGIRLSAIDSHEWASOFTENBEATENBYHERBROTHER二）掌握一般过去时被动语态句型的变换方法一般过去时被动语态句型变换应围绕WAS,WERE进行，构成精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创7/23否定句在其后加NOT，构成一般疑问句将其提至句首，构成特殊疑问句将一般疑问句置于特殊疑问词后面，构成反意疑问句保留WAS/WERE。HISCOMPUTERWASNOTSTOLENBYTHIEVESLASTNIGHT他的电脑昨天晚上没有被小偷偷走。WASYOURHOMEWORKFINISHEDINTIMEYESTERDAYEVENING昨天晚上你及时完成家庭作业了吗WHENWASYOURLETTERWRITTENTHEDAYBEFOREYESTERDAY你的信是什么时候写的前天吗WHYWASTHISPROBLEMNOTWORKEDOUTBYYOU为什么你没有解出这道试题YOURBIKEWASNOTREPAIREDLASTNIGHT,WASIT你的自行车昨晚没有被修，是吗这房子不是1958年建造的。是哪一年造的呢1987年。THISHOUSEWASNOTBUILTIN1958WHENWASITBUILTITWASBUILTIN1987三）掌握一般过去时被动语态疑问句的回答方法一般过去时被动语态一般疑问句的肯定回答用精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创8/23“YES,WAS/WERE”否定回答用“NO,WASNT/WERENT”特殊疑问句应抓住特殊疑问词进行回答，可用简略方法，也可用完整方法。反意疑问句也应用“YES,WAS/WERE”或“NO,WASNT/WERENT”进行回答。WASYOUROFFICECLEANEDYESTERDAYAFTERNOON你的办公室昨天下午被打扫了吗YES,ITWAS/NO,ITWASNT是的，被打扫了。/不，没有被打扫。WEREYOURROOMSPAINTEDAGAINLASTWEEK你的房间上周重新粉刷了吗YES,THEYWERE/NO,THEYWERENT是的，被重新粉刷了。/不，没有被重新粉刷。WHENWASYOURBROTHERSENTTOWORKINBEIJING你兄弟是什么时候被派到北京去工作的LASTYEAR/HEWASSENTTOWORKINBEIJINGLASTYEAR去年。/他是去年被派到北京去工作的。WHEREWASYOURPARTYHELDLASTSUNDAY上周日你的聚会是在哪儿举行的ATHOME/ITWASHELDATHOME在家里。/在家里举行的。YOURDEBTWASPAIDOFFATLAST,WASNTIT你所欠的债最终被还清了，是吗精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创9/23YES,ITWAS/NO,ITWASNT是的，被还清了。/不，没有被还清。【典型例题】1OH,THISISREALLYABIGSHOPDOYOUKNOWWHENIT_ABUILTBHASBEENBUILTCHASBUILTDWASBUILT2YOUNEEDNTCLEANTHEREADINGROOMNOW,BECAUSEIT_JUSTNOWACLEANEDBWASCLEANINGCISCLEANEDDWASCLEANED3THEYOUNGWOMANWASVERYSAD,BECAUSEHERHANDBAG_THATDAYAWASLOSTBLOSTCWASLOSINGDISLOST4WHOISTHELITTLEBOYINTHEPICTUREITSMETHEPICTURE_10YEARSAGOATOOKBISTAKENCHASTAKENDWASTAKEN5DIDJACKCOMETOOURPARTYYESTERDAYNO,HE_AWASNTINVITEDBDIDNTINVITECISNTINVITEDDHASNTINVITED6THEDOCTORLOOKEDOVERPETERCAREFULLYAFTERHE_TOTHEHOSPITAL精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创10/23ATAKESBISTAKENCTOOKDWASTAKEN7THEPRC_IN1949,SOITHASAVERYLONGHISTORYAWASFOUNDBISFOUNDEDCWASFOUNDEDDHASBEENFOUNDED8I_TENMINUTESTODECIDEWHETHERISHOULDGIVEUPTHEPLANAGAVEBWASGIVENCWASGIVINGDHADGIVEN9ALLOURROOMS_BYTHECHILDRENYESTERDAYAFTERNOONACLEANEDBWERECLEANEDCISCLEANEDDCLEAN10PETER_AJOBINTHISCOMPANY,BUTHEREFUSEDTOTAKEITAWASOFFEREDBOFFEREDCWASOFFERINGDHADOFFERED11ASSHE_BYTHESTORY,KARENBURSTINTOTEARSADEEPLYMOVEDBHASDEEPLYMOVEDCWASDEEPLYMOVEDDWASDEEPLYMOVING12YESTERDAY,PETER_ATICKETFORSPEEDINGAGAVEBHADBEENGIVENCWASGIVENDWASGIVING13_THEWORKER_FROMMORNINGTILLNIGHTADID,MAKETOWORKBWAS,MADEWORKINGCWAS,MADEWORKEDDWAS,MADETOWORK14ATALLMAN_DOWNTHEROADATMIDNIGHTAWASSEENRUNBWASSEENRUNNING精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创11/23CSAWRUNNINGDHASBEENSEENRUNNING15ITWASSAIDTHATOTHERPOSSIBILITIES_ATTHEMEETINGTHEDAYBEFOREYESTERDAYAWERENOTPAIDATTENTIONBWERENOTPAYINGATTENTIONTOCNOTPAIDATTENTIONTODWERENOTPAIDATTENTIONTO16THETEACHERASWELLASANUMBEROFSTUDENTS_TOATTENDTHEPARTYYESTERDAYAWEREASKEDBWASASKEDCWEREASKINGDWASASKING17IWANTEDVERYMUCHTOGOTOTHATBALL，BUT_AIMNOTINVITEDBIWONTBEINVITEDCIWASNTINVITEDDIHAVENTBEENINVITED18WEREYOUPRAISEDBYYOURTEACHERFORYOURGOODANSWERYESTERDAYYES,I_AWEREBWASCDIDDHAD19YOUWERENOTTAUGHTHOWTODOIT,_YOUAWEREBWASCDIDDHAD20HEWASASKEDTOMAKEASPEECHATTHEMEETING,_HEAWASNTBWERENTCDIDNTDHADNT【答案】DDADADCBBACCDBDBCBAA精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创12/23（三）一般将来时的被动语态1一般将来时的被动语态构成形式助动词WILL/SHALLBE及物动词的过去分词（SHALL/WILLBEDONE）（1）描述事物将受到某种影响或某种处理。（2）描述人物将被动地接受某种行为或某种处理。THEPEOPLEOFBEIJINGWILLPLANTMORETREESANDBUILDNEWROADMORETREESWILLBEPLANTEDANDNEWROADSWILLBEBUILTBYPEOPLEOFBEIJINGJOHNWILLTAKEHISDOGBACKJOHNSDOGWILLBETAKENBACKBYHIM2ITSNEGATIVESTRUCTUREWILLNOTBE过去分词MYPICTURESWONTBEDEVELOPEDUNTILNEXTWEEK3ITSINTERROGATIVEWILLSUBJECTBE过去分词WHWILLSUBJECTBE过去分词WILLTHE29THOLYMPICGAMESBEHELDINBEIJINGWHENWILLTHE29THOLYMPICGAMESBEHELDINBEIJING【典型例题】精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创13/23一、划线部分提问1THEYWILLBUILDMANYNEWSPORTVENUESFORTHEBEIJINGOLYMPICGAMES2MILLIONSOFPEOPLEWILLWATCHTHEFINALMATCHONTV3JOHNWILLCARRYTHECANADIANFLAGATTHEOPENINGOFTHEOLYMPICGAMES4THEYWILLMAKEALLTHEFLAGSBYHAND5MRSJONESWILLTAKECAREOFYOURPETDOGWHILEYOUAREAWAYONHOLIDAY6THEGOVERNMENTWILLSPENDALMOST100MILLIONYUANONTHISPROGRAMME【答案】1WHATWILLBEBUILTFORTHEBEIJINGOLYMPICS2WHEREWILLTHEFINALMATCHBEWATCHEDBYMILLIONSOFPEOPLE3BYWHOMWILLTHECANADIANFLAGBECARRIEDATTHEOPENINGOFTHEOLYMPICGAMES4HOWWILLALLTHEFLAGSBEMADE5WHATWILLBETAKENCAREOFBYMRSJONESWHILEYOUAREAWAYONHOLIDAY6HOWMUCHWILLBESPENTBYTHEGOVERNMENTONTHISPROGRAMME二、翻译句子精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创14/231这条裙子太漂亮了会有很多女孩儿喜欢的2他一到达这个城市就会被认出。3这项工作很快就完成了。4我们不会受到邀请。5动物园的动物马上要喂养了。【答案】1WHATABEAUTIFULSKIRTITWILLBELOVEDBYMANYGIRLS2HEWILLBERECOGNIZEDASSOONASHEARRIVESATTHISCITY3THEWORKISGOINGTOBEDONESOON4WEWILLNOTBEINVITED5THEANIMALSINTHEZOOWILLBEFEDSOON三、单项选择题1ALLTHOSEOLDBUILDINGS_DOWNTOMORROWAWILLBEKNOCKEDBWILLKNOCKCWILLHAVEKNOCKEDDKNOCK【答案】A解析WILL/SHALLBEPP一般将来时的被动语态。故答案选A。2THEMISTAKESINTHEEXERCISESWILL_THETEACHERACROSSBBECROSSINGCBECROSSEDBYDCROSSBY精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创15/23【答案】D3ITISSAIDTHATANEWROBOT_BYHIMINAFEWDAYSADESIGNEDBHASBEENDESIGNEDCWILLBEDESIGNEDDWILLHAVEBEENDESIGNED【答案】C4ILLHAVETOPUSHTHECARTOTHESIDEOFTHEROADBECAUSEWE_IFWELEAVEITHEREAWOULDBEFINEDBWILLBEFINEDCWILLBEINGFINEDDWILLHAVEBEENFINED【答案】B（四）现在完成时的被动语态的用法1表示一个被动的动作发生在说话之前,强调对现在造成的影响和结果。如THEDOORHASBEENLOCKED门被锁上了。2表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去,持续到现在,并可能持续下去,常与FOR或SINCE引导的时间状语连用,或用于HOWLONG句型中。如THEIMPORTANTPROBLEMHASBEENDISCUSSEDFORNEARLYTWOWEEKS精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创16/23那个重要的问题已经被讨论近两个星期了。HOWLONGHASTHEMACHINEBEENUSED这机器使用多久了现在完成时的被动语态应注意的几个问题（1）请注意现在完成时的被动语态的两个助动词,即HAVE/HAS和BEEN,两者缺一不可。（2）请注意与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系,而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在情况的联系。如THEBRIDGEWASBUILTLASTYEAR这桥是去年建成的。THEBRIDGEHASBEENBUILT这桥已经建好了。3请注意一些特殊动词,如BORROW,FINISH,BEGIN,BUY,START,RETURN,MARRY,OPEN,JOIN等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思,则需改换动词或时态。如误HOWLONGHASTHISBOOKBEENBOUGHT正HOWLONGAGOWASTHISBOOKBOUGHT但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程,具有连续性,因而可与SINCE或FOR引导的时间状语连用。如NOBOOKSHAVEBEENBOUGHTSINCELASTWEEK自上周以来,没有人来买过书。精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创17/23肯定句THISBOOKHASBEENTRANSLATED翻译INTOMANYFOREIGNLANGUAGES否定句THISBOOKHASNOTBEENTRANSLATEDINTOMANYFOREIGNLANGUAGES一般疑问句HASTHISBOOKBEENTRANSLATEDINTOMANYFOREIGNLANGUAGES【典型例题】翻译下列句子，并改成否定句和一般疑问句1那本书已经送给了我父母。2今天这首歌已经被唱了几次了。【答案】1THEBOOKHASBEENGIVENTOMYPARENTSTHEBOOKHASNOTBEENGIVENTOMYPARENTSHASTHEBOOKBEENGIVENTOMYPARENTS2THESONGHASBEENSUNGFORSEVERALTIMESTODAYTHESONGHASNOTBEENSUNGFORSEVERALTIMESTODAYHASTHESONGBEENSUNGFORSEVERALTIMESTODAY精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创18/23（五）含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词CAN/MAY/MUST的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词BE过去分词”构成，WECANREPAIRTHISWATCHINTWODAYSTHISWATCHCANBEREPAIREDINTWODAYSTHEYSHOULDDOITATONCEITSHOULDBEDONEATONCETHEBOOKCANBEUNDERSTOODBYTHIRTEENYEAROLDBOYS（六）以下情况不用被动语态1“ITIS形容词TODO”句型中，这些形容词有NICE,EASY,HARD,DIFFICULT,IMPORTANT,IMPOSSIBLE,PLEASANT,INTERESTING等ITSHARDTOSAY2动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中主语构成主谓关系,不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。IHAVEALETTERTOWRITE3TAKEPLACE/HAPPEN发生WHATHAPPENEDTOTHEOLDCITY4FEEL/LOOK/TASTE/SMELL/SOUND系动词THESWEATERFEELSSOFT精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创19/23THEDISHTASTESNICE5一些动词如SELL,WRITE,WASH等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物。SELLWELL畅销WRITEWELL书写流利WASHWELL清洗容易（七）双宾语的被动语态一）含有复合宾语的主动句变被动句，宾语变主语，宾补保留在动词之后。1WECALLHIMJIMHEISCALLEDJIM2HEPAINTEDTHETABLEGREENTHETABLEWASPAINTEDGREEN3WEASKEDTHETEACHERTOEXPLAINTHESENTENCEAGAINTHETEACHERWASASKEDTOEXPLAINTHESENTENCEAGAINBYUS二）MAKE,HEAR,SEE,WATCH,FEEL,LET,HAVE等动词在主动语态的句子变被动语态时，其后作宾补的不定式必须加上TO1HISMOTHERMADEHIMDOHISHOMEWORKAGAINHEWASMADETODOHISHOMEWORKAGAINBYHISMOTHER2SHESAWAMANGOINTOTHEROOM精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创20/23AMANWASSEENTOGOINTOTHEROOMBYHER3WEOFTENHEARHERSINGENGLISHSONGSSHEISOFTENHEARDTOSINGENGLISHSONGSBYUS（八）不及物动词带介词和介词宾语,在变为被动语态时,仍然要带上介词,如1THEYTALKEDABOUTTHEMATTERLASTNIGHTTHEMATTERWASTALKEDABOUTBYTHEMLASTNIGHT2WEMUSTTHINKOVERWHATHESAIDWHATHESAIDMUSTBETHOUGHTOVER3HISCLASSMATESOFTENMADEFUNOFHIMHEWASOFTENMADEFUNOFBYHISCLASSMATES4THESTUDENTSLISTENTOTHETEACHERCAREFULLYINCLASSEVERYDAYTHETEACHERISLISTENEDTOCAREFULLYBYTHESTUDENTSINCLASSEVERYDAY5XIAOMINGLOOKEDAFTERHISSISTERYESTERDAYHISSISTERWASLOOKEDAFTERBYXIAOMINGYESTERDAY6YOUSHOULDTAKECAREOFTHETHINGSTHETHINGSSHOULDBETAKENCAREOF（九）怎样把主动语态改成被动语态精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创21/23把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤1先找出谓语动词；2再找出谓语动词后的宾语；3把宾语用作被动语态中的主语；4注意人称、时态和数的变化。【典型例题】1BRUCEWRITESALETTEREVERYWEEK2LILEIMENDEDTHEBROKENBIKETHISMORNING3HEHASWRITTENTWONOVELSSOFAR4THEYWILLPLANTTENTREESTOMO