基于deform模具寿命的预测毕业课程设计外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译

PROLONGINGLIFETIMESERVICELIFEOFDIEBASEDONDEFORMABSTRACTTHISPAPERDESCRIBESTHEESTIMATIONMETHODOFDIESERVICELIFEBASEDONWEARANDTHEPLASTICDEFORMATIONOFDIESINHOTFORGINGPROCESSESDIESERVICELIFEISCONSIDERABLYSHORTENEDDUETOTHETHERMALSOFTENINGOFSURFACELAYER,CAUSEDBYTHEHIGHTHERMALLOADANDLONGCONTACTTIMEBETWEENTHEDIESANDTHEDEFORMINGMATERIALALSO,THEDIESERVICELIFEDEPENDEDONWEARANDTHEPLASTICDEFORMATIONOFDIESCANBETOALARGEEXTENTDETERMINEDBYFINITEELEMENTFEANALYSIS,WEARANDTHERMALSOFTENINGTESTSTHESEARESOMEOFTHEMAJORLIMITINGFACTORSAFFECTSDIEACCURACYANDDIESERVICELIFE,ANDFORMINGVELOCITYANDINITIALDIETEMPERATURESINFLUENCEGREATLYWEARANDTHEPLASTICDEFORMATIONOFHOTFORGINGDIESINTHISSTUDY,TWOMETHODSARESUGGESTEDFORESTIMATINGTHESERVICELIFEOFHOTFORGINGDIESBYPLASTICDEFORMATIONANDABRASIVEWEAR,ANDTHESEAPPLIEDTOPREDICTTHEPRODUCTQUANTITYACCORDINGTOTWOMAINPROCESSVARIABLES,FORMINGVELOCITYANDINITIALDIETEMPERATUREFORASPINDLECOMPONENTTHROUGHTHEAPPLICATIONSOFTHESUGGESTEDMETHODS,THETHERMALSOFTENINGOFDIESDUETOTHELOCALTEMPERATURERISELEDTOTHEREDUCTIONOFTHESERVICELIFEOFHOTFORGINGDIESBYPLASTICDEFORMATIONMORETHANBYABRASIVEWEAR2004ELSEVIERBVALLRIGHTSRESERVEDKEYWORDSHOTFORGINGDIESERVICELIFEWEARPLASTICDEFORMATIONTHERMALSOFTENINGTEMPERINGPARAMETER1INTRODUCTIONHOTFORGINGISONEOFTHEMOSTCONVENTIONALMETALFORMINGPROCESSESUSEDINTHEPRODUCTIONOFCRITICALPARTSINVARIOUSINDUSTRIESACTUALLY,ITISWIDELYUSEDINTHEMANUFACTURINGOFAUTOMOBILESANDINDUSTRIALMACHINECOMPONENTSINPARTICULAR,THISPROCESSCANBEEFFECTIVELYUSEDTOFORMMATERIALSWITHTHEHIGHFLOWSTRESSDIESERVICELIFEGREATLYINFLUENCESMANUFACTURINGCOSTS,PRODUCTIVITYANDPRODUCTQUALITYDURINGHOTFORGINGPROCESS,DIESERVICELIFEISDRAMATICALLYSHORTENEDBYTHERMALCYCLE,EXCESSIVEMETALFLOWANDADECREASEINDIEHARDNESSNOWADAYS,MANUFACTURINGCOSTSDEPENDONHOWDIESERVICELIFECANBEEXTENDEDFORSOUNDPRODUCTSWITHOUTANYKINDSOFINTERNALANDEXTERNALDEFECTSDURINGHOTFORGINGPROCESSSUBCONTRACTORSANDSUPPLIERSAREINCREASINGLYUNDERPRESSUREWITHREGARDTOCOSTREDUCTIONANDRESPONSIBILITYFORTHEDEVELOPMENTOFNEWCOMPONENTSTHESEREQUIREMENTSAREMORECRITICALINTHEAUTOMOTIVEINDUSTRYTHEREFORE,ITISIMPORTANTTOIMPROVETHETECHNICALSKILLSINTHEAREASOFMATERIALSCIENCEANDMETALLURGYASWELLASINTHEAREAOFTOOLDESIGNTHEKNOWLEDGEOFCOMPUTERAIDEDDESIGNCADANDNUMERICALSIMULATIONALSOBECOMESVERYHELPFULINTHEFORGINGINDUSTRY,TOOLINGCOSTSCANREACHUPTOABOUT50OFACOMPONENTCOSTTHEREFORE,ITISOBVIOUSTHATTHEREDUCTIONOFCOMPONENTCOSTSREQUIRESANOPTIMIZATIONOFTOOLS,INPARTICULAR,ANIMPROVEMENTINPERFORMANCEANDSERVICELIFEDURINGHOTFORGINGPROCESS,FORGINGTOOLSARENOTONLYSUBJECTEDTOMECHANICALSTRESSES,BUTALSOTOTHERMOMECHANICALSTRESSESINDUCEDBYTHETHERMALCYCLINGANDSUCCESSIVEFORGINGOPERATIONSPROPERSELECTIONOFTHEDIEMATERIALANDOFTHEDIEMANUFACTURINGTECHNIQUEDETERMINES,TOALARGEEXTENT,THEUSEFULLIFEOFFORMINGDIESDIESMAYHAVETOBEREPLACEDFORANUMBEROFREASONS,SUCHASCHANGESINDIMENSIONSDUETOWEARORPLASTICDEFORMATION,DETERIORATIONOFTHESURFACEFINISH,BREAKDOWNOFLUBRICATION,ANDCRACKINGORBREAKAGEMANYRESEARCHERSHAVEBEENINVESTIGATEDTHEINFLUENCESOFPROCESSCONDITIONSONDIESERVICELIFEDURINGMETALFORMINGPROCESSTHESURFACEHARDNESSOFADIEDECREASESOWINGTOTHETHERMALSOFTENINGOFHOTFORGINGDIESTHISTHERMALSOFTENINGEFFECTACCELERATESTOOLFAILURESTHELIMITINGFACTORSOFDIESERVICELIFECANOCCURSIMULTANEOUSLYORSEPARATELYDURINGHOTFORGINGPROCESSDUETOTHEDIFFERENTCHARACTERISTICSOFPROCESSESORPRODUCTS,DIESERVICELIFECANBEDECREASEDBYWEARORBYTHEPLASTICDEFORMATIONTHISSTUDYDEVELOPEDTWOMETHODSTOESTIMATEDIESERVICELIFEINHOTFORGINGPROCESSESONEISAMETHODTHATCANPREDICTTHEPLASTICDEFORMATIONOFADIEANDTHEOTHERISTOCALCULATETHEAMOUNTOFDIEWEARTHESEMETHODSHAVEBEENAPPLIEDTOEVALUATINGTHESERVICELIFEOFAFINISHERDIEFORTHEHOTFORGINGPROCESSOFANAUTOMOBILEPART,ANDTHEPOSSIBLEMAXIMUMPRODUCTIONQUANTITYWHICHDESCRIBESDIESERVICELIFEWILLBEEVALUATEDACCORDINGTOTHEVARIATIONSOFINITIALDIETEMPERATUREANDFORMINGVELOCITY2METHODSFORESTIMATINGDIESERVICELIFETHISSTUDYDEVELOPEDTWOMETHODSFORESTIMATINGTHESERVICELIFEOFDIESINHOTFORGINGPROCESSONEISAMETHODTHATCANPREDICTTHEPLASTICDEFORMATIONOFTHEDIETHEOTHERISFORCALCULATINGABRASIVETOOLWEAR21DIESERVICELIFEBASEDONPLASTICDEFORMATIONDURINGTHEHOTFORGINGPROCESS,THETEMPERATUREOFADIEINCREASESDUETOTHECONTACTBETWEENTHEDIESANDTHEHOTDEFORMINGMATERIALTHERATEOFTEMPERATURERISECANBEATTRIBUTEDTOSEVERALFACTORS,SUCHASTHEINITIALTEMPERATUREOFDIESANDBILLET,THECONTACTTIMEANDPRESSURE,THEDIEMATERIALANDSURFACETREATMENTCONDITIONSTHETHERMALSOFTENINGINDUCEDBYTHISTEMPERATURERISEGRADUALLYREDUCESDIEHARDNESS,ANDFINALLYLEADSTOTHEPLASTICDEFORMATIONOFADIETHELONGERCONTACTTIMEATTHEELEVATEDTEMPERATUREGIVESRISETOADECREASEOFTHESURFACEHARDNESSOFADIEINORDERTOCONSIDERTHETHERMALSOFTENINGEFFECTINESTIMATINGDIESERVICELIFEAGAINSTPLASTICDEFORMATION,ITISREQUIREDTOINTRODUCETHETEMPERINGPARAMETER,M,ASSHOWNINEQ1,WHICHREPRESENTSTHEEFFECTOFDIEHARDNESSCHANGEONTHECONTACTTEMPERATUREANDTIMESUCCESSIVEFORGINGCYCLESEQ1310LOGTCTWHERETISTHETEMPERINGTEMPERATUREK,CISTHEMATERIALCONSTANTWHICHHASABOUT20FORCARBONSTEEL,TISTHETEMPERINGTIMEALSO,FROMSTARTINGTODEFORMUNTILEJECTINGTHEFORGEDPART,THETEMPERATURESOFDIESURFACECHANGEDURINGONEFORGINGCYCLE,SOTHEINTRODUCTIONOFEQUIVALENTTEMPERATUREISREQUIREDTHEEQUIVALENTTEMPERATURE,CANBEAPPROXIMATELYEXPRESSEDASSHOWNINEQ2EQEQ232MINAXTTEQWHERE,ANDARETHEHIGHESTANDLOWESTTEMPERATURESDURINGONEFORGINGMAXTINCYCLE,RESPECTIVELYTOESTIMATEDIESERVICELIFEFORTHEPLASTICDEFORMATIONOFADIEINDUCEDBYTHERMALSOFTENING,THETEMPERINGTIME,T,ATEQ1ISREPLACEDWITHHARDNESSHOLDINGTIMETH,WHERETHISTHETIMEWHICHTAKESUNTILINITIALDIEHARDNESSGRADUALLYREDUCESTOREACHTHECRITICALHARDNESSBYTHERMALSOFTENING,ASSHOWNINEQ3EQ310EXPCTMTEQYILDHWHEREISTHEMVALUEWHENINITIALDIEHARDNESSISEQUALSTOTHECORRESPONDINGYIELDHARDNESSOFTHEYIELDSTRENGTHOFTHEDIEWHENTHEMATERIALISAPERFECTPLASTIC,THEHARDNESSHRCOFMATERIALISABOUTTHREETIMESOFTHEYIELDSTRENGTHOFMATERIALTHEMAINTEMPERINGCURVESOFTHISHOTWORKDIEMATERIAL,H13,OBTAINEDFROMTHERMALSOFTENINGEXPERIMENTSISSHOWNINFIG11ANACTUALWORKINGFINISHINGDIEWASQUENCHEDAT1030C,ANDTHENITHADTHEFIRSTTEMPERINGFOR3HAT550CANDTHESECONDTEMPERINGFOR35HAT600CDIESURFACEWASTREATEDASIONNITRIDINGPROCESSFOR14HAT520CFIG11MAINTEMPERINGCURVESOFH13THEREFORE,FORHARDNESSHOLDINGTIMEFORESTIMATINGTHEDIESERVICELIFECONSIDERSTHEFIRSTANDSECONDTEMPERINGTIME,WHICHCANBEDERIVEDASFOLLOWS3210LOGTTCTMHEQYILD210XPTTEQYILDHWHERE,CTTTHEQLOG101TTHEQLXP21WHERET1,T2ARETHEFIRSTANDSECONDTEMPERINGTEMPERATURES,T1,T2ARETHEHARDNESSHOLDINGTIMESATTHEFIRSTANDTHESECONDMYIELDVALUESFORTEQ,RESPECTIVELYINORDERTOCALCULATETHEHARDNESSHOLDINGTIME,EFFECTIVESTRESSESANDEQUIVALENTTEMPERATURESCANBEOBTAINEDFROMRIGIDPLASTICFINITEELEMENTANALYSISMYIELDVALUECANBEDETERMINEDFROMTHEMAINTEMPERINGCURVET1ANDT2ARESUBSTITUTEDINTOEQ4TOOBTAINTHEHARDNESSHOLDINGTIMEFINALLY,THEDIESERVICELIFEOFTHEFINISHINGDIEISCALCULATEDBYDIVIDINGTHEHARDNESSHOLDINGTIMEBYONEFORGINGCYCLETIME,ANDTHEDIESERVICELIFEISEXPRESSEDASTHEPOSSIBLEMAXIMUMPRODUCTIONQUANTITYTHEOUTLINEOFAMETHODFORESTIMATINGDIESERVICELIFEAFFECTEDBYPLASTICDEFORMATIONISSHOWNINFIG12FIG12FLOWCHARTFORPLASTICDEFORMATIONANALYSISFIG13FLOWCHARTFORABRASIVEWEARANALYSIS22DIESERVICELIFEBASEDONABRASIVEWEARABRASIVEWEARISDEFINEDASTHEINTENTIONALREMOVALOFMATERIALSFROMASURFACE,ASINGRINDINGANDPOLISHINGOFENGINEERINGCOMPONENTS,ANDTHEUNWANTEDLOSSOFMATERIALTHATOCCURSWHENMACHINECOMPONENTSAREINRELATIVEMOTIONINHOTFORMING,THEDIESTEELSHOULDHAVEAHIGHHOTHARDNESSANDSHOULDRETAINTHISHARDNESSOVEREXTENDEDPERIODSOFEXPOSURETOELEVATEDTEMPERATURESTHEFACTORSAFFECTINGABRASIVEWEARDURINGMETALCONTACTSARETEMPERATURETHEROUGHNESSOFCONTACTINGSURFACES,THEHARDNESSOFDIEMATERIAL,THENORMALPRESSUREONDIESURFACE,THESLIDINGDISTANCEBETWEENCONTACTINGMETALS,ANDLUBRICATIONCONDITIONS,ETCTHEABRASIVEWEAROFDIESINFLUENCESDIMENSIONALACCURACYANDTHESURFACEFINISHOFPRODUCTSDURINGHOTFORGINGPROCESSESFIG21SHAPEANDDIMENSIONSOFAPRODUCTANDFINISHINGDIEFIG22PROCESSDESIGNOFASPINDLEPRODUCTINTHISSTUDY,INORDERTOPREDICTTHEWEARPROFILEOFADIEINMETALFORMINGPROCESSES,ARCHARDWEARMODELISAPPLIEDASSHOWNINEQ5EQ5HKPLV3WHEREVISTHEWEARDEPTH,KISTHEWEARCOEFFICIENT,PISTHENORMALPRESSUREONDIESURFACE,LISTHESLIDINGDISTANCEANDHISTHESURFACEHARDNESSOFTHEDIETOESTIMATETHEDIESERVICELIFEBASEDONABRASIVEWEAR,ITISNEEDEDTOCONSIDERTHEHARDNESSCHANGEATHIGHTEMPERATUREOFADIEANDTHEWEARAMOUNTINCREASEOFSURFACELAYERWITHREGARDTOTHECONTACTTIMEANDTEMPERATUREANUMERICALMODELOFABRASIVEWEARASSHOWNINEQ6,ISDEVELOPEDBYCONSIDERINGTHEHARDNESSCHANGEOFADIETOWARDTHEDIRECTIONOFWEARDEPTHEQ6NISNTWEARDPTHMHKW1,3TABLE1PROCESSCONDITIONSOFFEANALYSISBILLETMATERIALAISI1045THERMALCONDUCTIVITYN/SC7493EMISSIVITY03HEATCAPACITYN/MMC3602DIEMATERIALH13THERMALCONDUCTIVITYN/SC286EMISSIVITY03HEATCAPACITYN/MMC3574SURFACETREATMENTIONNITRIDEFORGINGCONDITIONSFRICTIONFACTORM03HEATTRANSFERCOEFFICIENTN/SMMC113CONVECTIONCOEFFICIENTN/SMMC002INITIALBILLET/DIETEMPERATUREC1200/200FORGINGVELOCITYMM/S250TABLE2VARIATIONCONDITIONSOFPROCESSVARIABLESPROCESSVARIABLESINITIALDIETEMPERATUREC200300400FORGINGVELOCITYMM/S200250300THENORMALPRESSUREN,THESLIDINGVELOCITYVS,ANDTHETEMPERATUREDISTRIBUTIONSONDIESURFACEARECALCULATEDFROMTHERIGIDPLASTICFEANALYSIS,ANDTHEPERMITTEDAMOUNTOFABRASIVEWEARANDTHECRITICALVALUEOFSURFACEHARDNESSWEREOBTAINEDFROMWEARTESTANDTHERMALSOFTENINGEXPERIMENTSTHEAMOUNTOFABRASIVEWEARATEACHPOINTONTHEDIESURFACEFORONEFORGINGCYCLEWASCALCULATEDTHROUGHTHEWEARANALYSISOFEQ6,ANDTHENCOMPAREDWITHTHEPERMITTEDVALUEALSO,THEHARDNESSATTHEWORNSURFACETHATRESULTEDFROMTHISAMOUNTOFABRASIVEWEARWASCOMPAREDWITHTHECRITICALVALUEIFTHEAMOUNTOFABRASIVEWEARISSMALLERTHANTHEPERMITTEDVALUE,ANDTHEHARDNESSATWORNDIESURFACEISSTILLGREATERTHANTHECRITICALVALUE,THENABRASIVEWEARANALYSISWILLREPEATUNTILTHEINTEGRATEDAMOUNTOFABRASIVEWEARREACHESTHEPERMITTEDVALUEFINALLY,THEPRODUCTIONQUANTITYWHICHEXPRESSESDIESERVICELIFEWASDETERMINEDFROMTHETOTALNUMBEROFWEARANALYSISTHEFLOWCHARTOFAMETHODFORESTIMATINGTHEDIESERVICELIFEBASEDONABRASIVEWEARISSHOWNINFIG33ANALYSESANDRESULTFIG31SHOWSAHOTFORGINGPRODUCTTOBEANALYZEDBASEDONPLASTICDEFORMATIONANDABRASIVEWEARONEOFAUTOMOBILECOMPONENTS,SPINDLEPART,ISMANUFACTUREDINTHREESTAGESCOMPOSEDOFUPSETTINGANDTWOFORWARD/BACKWARDHOTFORGINGOPERATIONSFIG5SHOWSTHEPROCESSDESIGNRESULTFORTHEHOTFORMINGOFSPINDLEPARTFIG31DAMAGEFACTOROFAFINALPRODUCTFIG32TEMPERATUREDISTRIBUTIONSFORTHEINITIALDIETEMPERATURETHISPRODUCTHASTHEHEIGHTOF320MM,MAXIMUMDIAMETEROF131MMANDALONGEXTRUDEDPARTTHISDISCRETEPARTREQUIRESAMINIMUMMACHININGANDHIGHDIMENSIONALACCURACYUNFORTUNATELY,ABRASIVEWEARORPLASTICDEFORMATIONOFTHEDIEOCCURREDATTHESTEPPEDCORNERSASSHOWNASPOINT1,2INFIG31,THEDIESERVICELIFEOFTHISPARTDEPENDSONTHECHANGEOFTHEINITIALSHAPEANDDIMENSIONOFTHESESTEPPEDCORNERSDURINGHOTFORGINGTHEFORMINGANALYSISCONDITIONSANDTHEVARIATIONSOFPROCESSVARIABLESFORESTIMATINGDIESERVICELIFEARELISTEDINTABLES1AND2,RESPECTIVELYTHEDISTRIBUTIONSOFDAMAGEVALUEATFINALSTAGEOBTAINEDFROMTHEFEANALYSISISSHOWNINFIG33,THESEVALUESAPPEAREDHIGHLYATTWOSTEPPEDCORNERSTHEDAMAGEFACTORCANBEUSEDTOPREDICTFRACTUREINFORMINGOPERATIONSFIG33NODALFORCEANDVELOCITYDISTRIBUTIONSFORTHEINITIALDIETEMPERATURETHEREFORE,THEDAMAGEDEGREEOFTHESECORNERSMAYDIRECTLYRELATETODIESERVICELIFEWHENTHEINITIALDIETEMPERATUREISLOW,ITMAYINFLUENCEPRODUCTQUALITYWHENTHEINITIALDIETEMPERATUREISHIGH,DIEHARDNESSDECREASESWHENTHEFORMINGVELOCITYBECOMESFASTER,THECONTACTTIMEBETWEENTHEHOTDEFORMINGMATERIALANDTHEDIESISSHORTENEDANDTHEEQUIVALENTTEMPERATURESBECOMELOWTHEINITIALDIETEMPERATURECONTROLANDSELECTIONOFDEFORMATIONVELOCITYAREVERYIMPORTANTTOTHEDIELIFEFIG34EFFECTIVESTRESSANDWEARDEPTHFORINITIALDIETEMPERATURE31INFLUENCEOFTHEINITIALDIETEMPERATUREINMETALFORMINGPROCESS,BOTHPLASTICDEFORMATIONANDFRICTIONCONTRIBUTETOTHEHEATGENERATIONTHETEMPERATURESDEVELOPEDINTHEPROCESSINFLUENCELUBRICATIONCONDITIONS,TOOLLIFE,THEPROPERTIESOFTHEFINALPRODUCT,ANDTHERATEOFPRODUCTION4ABOVEALL,WHENTHEINITIALDIETEMPERATUREISHIGH,THETEMPERATUREDIFFERENCEBETWEENINSIDEANDOUTSIDEOFABILLETBECOMESSMALL,ANDTHISSMALLTEMPERATUREDIFFERENCEASSISTSTHESOUNDMETALFLOWONTHEOTHERHAND,AHIGHSURFACETEMPERATUREMAYREDUCEDIESERVICELIFEBUTTHELOWTEMPERATUREOFDIESURFACECANDISTURBMETALFLOWANDCAUSETHESURFACEDEFECTSASCANBESEENINFIG7,THETEMPERATUREONDIESURFACEATTWOSTEPPEDCORNERSPOINT1,2INCREASEDIFFERENTLY,DUETOINITIALDIETEMPERATUREEFFECT,FORTHESAMEFORGINGPROCESSFORTHEINITIALDIETEMPERATURE400CATPOINT1,THEDIETEMPERATUREISINITIALLYHIGHER,BUTTHEMAXIMUMTEMPERATUREISLOWERTHANFOREITHER200OR300CALSO,THESERESULTSCLEARLYINDICATETHATTHETEMPERATUREGRADIENTFORTHEINITIALDIETEMPERATURE400CISVERYLARGEATPOINT2THEDISTRIBUTIONSOFNODALFORCEANDVELOCITYARESHOWNINFIG8ITCANBESEENTHATNODALFORCEACTINGONDIESURFACEDECREASESASTHEINITIALDIETEMPERATUREINCREASES,WHEREASVELOCITYOFTHEWORKPIECEATTHEVICINITYOFTHEDIE/MATERIALINTERFACEINCREASESASTHEINITIALDIETEMPERATUREINCREASESTHEREASONFORTHISISTHATTHEMETALFLOWINCREASEWITHINCREASINGTEMPERATURETHERESULTSOFABRASIVEWEARANDSTRESSANALYSISOFFINISHERDIEARESHOWNINFIG9,WHENINITIALDIETEMPERATUREIS400C,THEWEARDEPTHATPOINT2ISAPPROXIMATE1898MM,ANDISABOUTFOURTIMESOFTHATAT200CTHISISNOTSURPRISINGBECAUSETHERELATIVEVELOCITYBETWEENDIEANDWORKPIECEATPOINT2FORINITIALDIETEMPERATURE400CISHIGHERTHANFOREITHER200OR300CMOREOVER,ASINITIALDIETEMPERATUREINCREASES,THEHARDNESSOFTHESTEELNEARTHESURFACEOFTHEDIEDECREASESFIG35TEMPERATUREDISTRIBUTIONSFORFORMINGVELOCITYTHERESULTSOFTHEDIESERVICELIFEESTIMATIONACCORDINGTOINITIALDIETEMPERATURESFORPLASTICDEFORMATIONANDABRASIVEWEARARESUMMARIZEDINTABLES3AND4,RESPECTIVELYASTHEINITIALDIETEMPERATUREINCREASES,THEPRODUCTIONQUANTITYDECREASESTHEPOSSIBLEMAXIMUMPRODUCTIONQUANTITYAFFECTEDBYABRASIVEWEARISHIGHERTHANTHATBYTHEPLASTICDEFORMATIONOFADIEGENERALLY,THEYIELDSTRENGTHOFSTEELSDECREASEATHIGHERTEMPERATURESANDYIELDSTRENGTHISALSODEPENDENTONPRIORHEATTREATMENTTHEHIGHINITIALDIETEMPERATURECAUSESTHEREDUCTIONOFDIEHARDNESSBYTHERMALSOFTENINGTHEHIGHERTHEINITIALHARDNESS,THEGREATERTHEYIELDSTRENGTHSATVARIOUSTEMPERATURESFROMTHERESULTS,DIELIFERESULTINGFROMPLASTICDEFORMATIONOFDIEISMOREIMPORTANTTHANFROMABRASIVEWEARINTERMSOFINITIALDIETEMPERATUREFIG36NODALFORCEANDVELOCITYDISTRIBUTIONSFORFORMINGVELOCITY32INFLUENCEOFTHEFORMINGVELOCITYWHENTHEDEFORMATIONVELOCITYBECOMESFAST,FORMINGCYCLETIMEISSHORTENED,WHEREASTHEDEFORMATIONLOADBETWEENTHEDIESANDTHEWORKPIECEINCREASESASCANBESEENINFIG10,THETEMPERATUREONDIESURFACEATTWOSTEPPEDCORNERSPOINT1,2INCREASEDIFFERENTLY,DUETOFORMINGVELOCITYEFFECT,FORTHESAMEFORGINGPROCESSFORTHEFORMINGVELOCITY250MM/SEC,THEDIETEMPERATUREINCREASESGRADUALLY,BUTTHEMAXIMUMTEMPERATUREISHIGHERTHANFOR300MM/SECALSO,TEMPERATUREGRADIENTFORTHEFORMINGVELOCITY300MM/SISLARGEATPOINT2FIG37EFFECTIVESTRESSANDABRASIVEWEARDEPTHFORFORMINGVELOCITYTABLE5、6THEDISTRIBUTIONSOFNODALFORCEANDVELOCITYARESHOWNINFIG11ITCANBESEENTHATNODALFORCEACTINGONDIESURFACEDECREASESASTHEFORMINGVELOCITYINCREASES,WHEREASVELOCITYOFTHEWORKPIECEATTHEVICINITYOFTHEDIE/MATERIALINTERFACEINCREASESASTHEINITIALDIETEMPERATUREINCREASESTHEREASONFORTHISISTHATTHEMETALFLOWINCREASEWITHINCREASINGFORMINGVELOCITYTHERESULTSOFABRASIVEWEARANDSTRESSANALYSISOFFINISHERDIEARESHOWNINFIG12,WHENFORMINGVELOCITYIS300MM/S,THEWEARDEPTHATPOINT2ISAPPROXIMATE1261MM,ANDISABOUTTHREETIMESOFTHATAT200MM/SWHENTHEFORMINGVELOCITYINCREASES,THEDIESERVICELIFEEVALUATEDBYTHEPLASTICDEFORMATIONBECOMESLONGERBUTITSLIFEBYABRASIVEWEARISRELATIVELYSHORTTHEESTIMATIONRESULTSOFDIESERVICELIFEACCORDINGTOFORMINGVELOCITYARESHOWNINTABLES5AND6,RESPECTIVELYWHENTHEFORMINGVELOCITYIS200MM/S,THEPLASTICDEFORMATIONOFADIEOCCURREDEARLYATTHESTEPPEDCORNERSPOINT1,2OWINGTOTHELOCALHIGHTEMPERATURECAUSEDBYTHELONGCONTACTTIMEASTHEFORMINGVELOCITYINCREASES,THEDIESERVICELIFEBASEDONPLASTICDEFORMATIONWASIMPROVEDBYTHELOWLOCALTEMPERATURETHROUGHTHESHORTCONTACTTIMEATTHESTEPPEDCORNERSWHENTHEFORMINGVELOCITYINCREASED,THEDIESERVICELIFEBASEDONABRASIVEWEARDECREASEDFROMTHERESULTS,DIELIFERESULTINGFROMABRASIVEWEAROFDIEISMOREIMPORTANTTHANFROMPLASTICDEFORMATIONINTERMSOFFORMINGVELOCITY4CONCLUSIONSINTHISSTUDY,TWOMETHODSFORESTIMATINGTHESERVICELIFEOFHOTFORGINGDIESBYPLASTICDEFORMATIONANDABRASIVEWEARARESUGGESTED,ANDTHESEAPPLIEDTOPREDICTTHEPRODUCTQUANTITY,ACCORDINGTOTWOMAINPROCESSVARIABLES,FORMINGVELOCITYANDINITIALDIETEMPERATURETHROUGHTHEAPPLICATIONSOFTHESUGGESTEDMETHODS,THEFOLLOWINGCONCLUSIONSWEREOBTAINED1THETHERMALSOFTENINGOFDIESDUETOTHELOCALTEMPERATURERISELEDTOTHEREDUCTIONOFTHESERVICELIFEOFHOTFORGINGDIESBYPLASTICDEFORMATIONMORETHANBYABRASIVEWEARWHENTHEFORMINGVELOCITYINCREASED,THEDIESERVICELIFECAUSEDBYABRASIVEWEARDECREASED2WHENTHEINITIALDIETEMPERATUREINCREASED,THEDIESERVICELIFEBYBOTHPLASTICDEFORMATIONANDABRASIVEWEARDECREASED,ESPECIALLY,THEPLASTICDEFORMATIONAPPEAREDTOBETHEMAJORLIMITINGFACTORFORDIESERVICELIFE3WHENTHEFORMINGVELOCITYINCREASED,THEDIESERVICELIFECAUSEDBYPLASTICDEFORMATIONWASIMPROVEDDUETOTHESHORTCONTACTTIMEATTHESTEPPEDCORNERS,ONTHEOTHERHAND,ITSLIFECAUSEDBYABRASIVEWEARWASSHORTER基于DEFORM模具寿命的预测摘要本文详细介绍了模具基于磨损和塑性变形在热锻过程中使用寿命的计算方法。热负荷和长期接触死亡之间会热软化表面层，模具使用寿命大大缩短。此外，模具使用寿命取决于磨损和塑性变形的模具可在很大程度上取决于有限元分析，磨损和热软化试验。这些都是一些主要限制因素影响模具的精度和模具使用寿命，并初步形成速度和模具温度的影响力大大磨损和塑性变形的热锻模。在这项研究中，提出了两种方法估算的使用寿命热锻模的塑性变形和磨损，而这些用于预测产品数量根据两个主要过程变量，初步形成速度和模具温度为主轴的组成部分。通过应用所建议的方法，热软化的死亡，由于当地气温上升导致减少使用寿命的热锻模的塑性变形超过了磨料磨损。2004埃尔塞维尔湾五，保留所有权利关键词热锻模具使用寿命磨损塑性变形热软化回火参数1前言热锻是最传统的金属成形过程中所使用的关键部件生产中各行业。其实，它广泛用于制造汽车和工业机械部件。特别是，这一过程可以有效地利用，形成材料的高流动应力。模具使用寿命大大影响了生产成本，提高生产率和产品质量。在热锻过程中，模具的使用寿命大大缩短了热循环，过度金属流动和减少模具硬度。如今，生产成本取决于模具的使用寿命可以延长产品的声音没有任何形式的内部和外部缺陷在热锻过程。分包商和供应商正在受到越来越多的压力就减少成本和责任的发展，新的组成部分。这些要求是更重要的汽车行业。因此，重要的是要提高技术技能方面的材料科学和冶金以及在该地区的模具设计知识的计算机辅助设计（CAD）和数值模拟也变得非常有帮助。在锻造工业，加工费用可达约50的元件成本。因此，很显然，减少元件成本需要有一个优化的工具，特别是改善性能和使用寿命。在热锻过程中，锻造工具不仅受到机械应力，而且还热机械应力引起的热循环和连续锻造业务。正确选择模具材料和模具制造技术决定，在很大程度上，使用寿命形成死亡。模具可能要取代有许多原因，如变化方面，由于磨损或塑性变形，恶化的表面光洁度，细目润滑，打击或断裂。许多研究人员进行调查的影响，工艺条件对模具使用寿命在金属成形过程。表面硬度的死亡减少由于热软化热锻模。这热软化效应加速工具失败。的限制因素的模具使用寿命可同时或分别发生在热锻过程。由于不同的特点，工序或产品，模具使用寿命可减少磨损或塑性变形。本研究开发的两种方法来估计模具使用寿命在热锻过程。其中一个方法，可以预测的塑性变形的模具和其他是计算的数额的模具磨损。这些方法已应用于评价的使用寿命完美收官模热锻过程中汽车的一部分，可能最大的生产量描述模具使用寿命将评价根据变化的初步成形模具温度和速度。2的方法来估计模具使用寿命本研究开发的两种方法估算的使用寿命模具在热锻过程。其中一个方法，可以预测的塑性变形的模具另一种是计算磨具的磨损。21模具使用寿命基于塑性变形在热锻过程中，温度的增加而死亡之间的接触死亡和热变形的材料。率的温度上升可以归因于几个因素，如初始温度的模具和坯料，接触时间和压力，模具材料及表面处理条件。热软化诱导这一温度上升逐渐降低模具硬度，并最终导致的塑性变形的死亡。较长的接触时间在高温引起减少了表面硬度的死亡。为了考虑热软化效应估计死亡使用寿命对塑性变形，这是需要引进回火参数，如图11所显示的均衡器。这是影响模具硬度变化对温度和时间接触连续锻造周期式（1）310LOGTCTM其中T是回火温度（K），C是材料常数其中大约有20对碳钢，T是锻炼时间。另外，从开始变形，直到弹出伪造的部分模具表面的温度变化1锻造周期，因此采用等效温度是必需的。相当于温度，可近似表示显示均衡器式（2）32MINAXTTEQ在那里，并且是最高和最低气温在1锻造周期分别。估计模具使用寿命的塑性变形的热诱导死亡软化，回火时间在均衡器改为硬度日举行的时间