英语专业国家概况期末复习总结 10900字

精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创1/9英语专业国家概况期末复习总结10900字英语国家概况名词解释1THECIVILRIGHTSMOVEMENT19551968REFERSTOTHEREFORMMOVEMENTSINTHEUNITEDSTATESAIMEDATABOLISHINGRACIALDISCRIMINATIONAGAINSTAFRICANAMERICANSANDRESTORINGSUFFRAGEINSOUTHERNSTATES2AFEDERALSYSTEMAFEDERALSYSTEMISONEINWHICHPOWERISSHAREDBETWEENACENTRALAUTHORITYANDITSCONSTITUENTPARTSWITHSOMERIGHTSRESERVEDTOEACH3KINGARTHURITISSAIDTHATHEWASTHEKINGOFENGLANDINTHE5THCENTURYANDUNITEDTHEBRITISHANDDROVETHESAXONSBACKWITHHISMAGICALSWORD,EXCALIBURHISREALEXISTENCEISINDOUBTHEISTHECENTRALFIGUREOFMANYLEGENDS4THEANGLOSAXONSTHEYWERETWOGROUPSOFGERMANICPEOPLESWHOSETTLEDDOWNINENGLANDFROMTHE5THCENTURYTHEYWEREREGARDEDASTHEANCESTORSOFTHEENGLISHANDTHEFOUNDERSOFENGLAND5RIVERDANCERIVERDANCEISAVERYPOPULARFORMOFDANCINGBASEDONIRELANDSINTRICATEFOLKDANCESWHICHAREREARRANGEDAND精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创2/9MODERNIZEDANDADAPTEDONTOCURRENTSTAGEPERFORMANCEDANCINGISTRADITIONALLYPARTOFIRISHCULTUREITISUSUALLYACCOMPANIEDBYTHEIRISHPIPEANDFIDDLETHEMUSICUSUALLYSOUNDSFASTANDFURIOUSMOSTOFTHEACTIONISFROMTHEWAISTDOWN,WITHTHEARMSHELDRIGIDLYATTHESIDES6THEHOUSEOFCOMMONSTHEHOUSEOFCOMMONSISTHEREALCENTREOFBRITISHPOLITICALLIFEBECAUSEITISTHEPLACEWHEREABOUT650ELECTEDREPRESENTATIVESMEMBERSOFPARLIAMENTMAKEANDDEBATEPOLICYTHESEMPSAREELECTEDINTHEGENERALELECTIONSANDSHOULDREPRESENTTHEINTERESTSOFPEOPLEWHOVOTEFORTHEM7THECOMMONWEALTHITISAVOLUNTARYASSOCIATIONOFSTATESWHICHISMADEUPOFBRITAINANDMOSTLYOFFORMERBRITISHCOLONIESTHEREARE54MEMBERSOFTHECOMMONWEALTHINCLUDINGONECURRENTLYSUSPENDEDMEMBERMANYOFTHESEAREDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESLIKEINDIAANDCYPRUSOTHERSAREDEVELOPEDNATIONSLIKEAUSTRALIA,CANADAANDNEWZEALANDTHECOMMONWEALTHWASSETUPASAFORUMFORCONTINUEDCOOPERATIONANDASASORTOFSUPPORTNETWORK8MAORITANGAMAORITANGAMEANSMAORI精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创3/9CULTUREITREFERSTOALLTHEELEMENTSOFTHERICHCULTURALHERITAGEOFTHEINDIGENOUSPEOPLEINNEWZEALAND,INCLUDINGTHEIRLANGUAGE,CUSTOMSANDTRADITIONS9THE“WASHMINSTER”FORMPOLITYTHEWASHMINSTERFORMOFPOLITYISADOPTEDBYTHEAUSTRALIANGOVERNMENTITISAMIXTUREOFTHEUSWASHINGTONSYSTEMOFGOVERNMENTANDTHEBRITISHWESTMINSTERSYSTEMTHISMEANSTHATTHEPOLITICALSTRUCTUREOFTHEGOVERNMENTISBASEDONAFEDERATIONOFSTATESWITHATHREETIERSYSTEMOFGOVERNMENTHOWEVER,THECHIEFEXECUTIVEISAPRIMEMINSTER,INSTEADOFAPRESIDENTASINTHEUSSYSTEM10MARTINLUTHERKING,JRABLACKBAPTISTMINISTER,HEWASTHELEADEROFTHESOUTHERNCHRISTIANLEADERSHIPCONFERENCEDURINGTHECIVILRIGHTSMOVEMENTOFTHE1960STOPROMOTEHISPHILOSOPHYOFNONVIOLENTPROTESTAGAINSTSEGREGATIONANDOTHERKINDSOFSOCIALINJUSTICE,KINGORGANIZEDASERIESOF“MARCHES“,INCLUDINGTHEMARCHONWASHINGTONOFAUGUST1963,WHENKINGDELIVEREDHISFAMOUS“IHAVEADREAM“SPEECHASACIVILRIGHTSLEADER,KINGWASAWARDEDTHENOBELPEACEPRIZEIN1964HEWAS精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创4/9ASSASSINATEDINTHECITYOFMEMPHISINAPRIL1968简答题1EXPLAINYOURUNDERSTANDINGOFHOWTHEUNITEDSTATESISGOVERNEDACCORDINGTOITSCONSTITUTION,INCLUDINGITSPOLITYANDTHECHECKANDBALANCEMECHANISMOFGOVERNINGINTHECOURSEOFTHECONVENTION,THEDELEGATESDESIGNEDANEWFORMOFGOVERNMENTFORTHEUNITEDSTATESHEPLANFORTHEGOVERNMENTWASWRITTENINVERYSIMPLELANGUAGEINADOCUMENTCALLEDTHECONSTITUTIONOFTHEUNITEDSTATESTHECONSTITUTIONSETUPAFEDERALSYSTEMWITHASTRONGCENTRALGOVERNMENTAFEDERALSYSTEMISONEINWHICHPOWERISSHAREDBETWEENACENTRALAUTHORITYANDITSCONSTITUENTPARTS,WITHSOMERIGHTSRESERVEDTOEACHTHECONSTITUTIONALSOCALLEDFORTHEELECTIONOFANATIONALLEADER,ORPRESIDENTITPROVIDEDTHATFEDERALLAWSWOULDBEMADEONLYBYACONGRESSMADEUPOFREPRESENTATIVESELECTEDBYTHEPEOPLEITALSOPROVIDEDFORANATIONALCOURTSYSTEMHEADEDBYASUPREMECOURTTHEREARETHREEBRANCHESOFTHEFEDERALGOVERNMENTLEGISLATIVEBRANCH,EXECUTIVEBRANCHANDJUDICIAL精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创5/9BRANCHTHELEGISLATIVEBRANCHISMADEUPOFELECTEDREPRESENTATIVESFROMALLOFTHESTATESANDISTHEONLYBRANCHTHATCANMAKEFEDERALLAWS,LEVYFEDERALTAXES,DECLAREWARORPUTFOREIGNTREATIESINTOEFFECTITCONSISTSOFACONGRESSTHATISDIVIDEDINTOTWOHOUSESTHEHOUSEOFREPRESENTATIVESANDTHESENATETHECHIEFEXECUTIVEOFTHEUNITEDSTATESISTHEPRESIDENT,WHO,TOGETHERWITHTHEVICEPRESIDENT,ISELECTEDTOAFOURYEARTERMUNDERACONSTITUTIONALAMENDMENTPASSEDIN1951,APRESIDENTCANBEELECTEDTOONLYTWOTERMSTHEPOWEROFTHEPRESIDENCYAREFORMIDABLE,BUTNOTWITHOUTLIMITATIONSANDTHEPRESIDENTHASTHEAUTHORITYTOAPPOINTFEDERALJUDGESASVACANCIESOCCUR,INCLUDINGMEMBERSOFTHESUPREMECOURTUNDERTHECONSTITUTION,THEPRESIDENTISPRIMARILYRESPONSIBLEFORFOREIGNRELATIONSWITHOTHERNATIONSTHEJUDICIALBRANCHISHEADEDBYTHESUPREMECOURT,WHICHISTHEONLYCOURTSPECIFICALLYCREATEDBYTHECONSTITUTIONFEDERALJUDGESAREAPPOINTEDFORLIFEORVOLUNTARYRETIREMENT,ANDCANONLYBEREMOVEDFROMOFFICE精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创6/9THROUGHTHEPROCESSOFIMPEACHMENTANDTRAILINTHECONGRESSTHESUPREMECOURTTODAYCONSISTSOFACHIEFJUSTICEANDEIGHTASSOCIATEJUSTICESWHENAMERICANSTALKABOUTTHEIRTHREEPARTNATIONALGOVERNMENT,THEYOFTENREFERTOWHATTHEYCALLITSSYSTEMOF“CHECKSANDBALANCES“THISSYSTEMWORKSINMANYWAYSTOKEEPSERIOUSMISTAKESFROMBEINGMADEBYONEBRANCHORANOTHERBUTSOMETIMESTHEYDONOTWORKTHEWAYASTHEYARESUPPOSEDTOWORKHEREAREAEXAMPLEOFCHECKSANDBALANCESIFCONGRESSPROPOSESALAWTHATTHEPRESIDENTTHINKSISUNWISE,THEPRESIDENTCANVETOITANDTHESENATEMUSTAPPROVEALLTREATIESANDCONFIRMALLAPPOINTMENTSBEFORETHEYBECOMEOFFICIALINTHISWAYTHECONGRESSCANPREVENTTHEPRESIDENTFROMMAKINGUNWISEAPPOINTMENTS2HOWDOYOUUNDERSTANDTHESAYING”BRITISHHISTORYHASBEENAHISTORYOFINVASION”BRITISHHISTORYHASBEENAHISTORYOFINVASIONSBEFORETHE1STCENTURYADBRITAINWASMADEUPOFTRIBALKINGDOMSOFCELTICPEOPLETHEYBROUGHTTHECENTRALEUROPEANCULTURETOBRITAIN精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创7/9THENIN43AD,ROMANEMPIREINVADEDBRITAINANDCONTROLLEDITFORSLAVESOCIETYBUTALSODISSEMINATEDTHEIRCATHOLICISMHOWEVER,INTHE5THCENTURY,THEROMANEMPIRERAPIDLYWANEDINPOWERANDBRITAINWASCONQUEREDBYTHEANGLESANDTHESAXONSINORDERTODEFENDTHESAXONS,AGREATLEADERKINGARTHURAPPEAREDHECREATEDTHE“ROUNDTABLE“TOSATISFYALLTHEKNIGHTSREQUIREMENTOFHAVINGEQUALPRECEDENCETHUSITGRADUALLYFORMEDTHEMONARCHYINBRITAINASAMOREDEMOCRATICSYSTEMWHETHERARTHURSAREALPERSONINTHEHISTORYORNOT,ANGLOSAXONSDIDSUCCEEDININVADINGBRITAINANDTHEYWERETHEFOREFATHERSOFTHEENGLISHINTHE8THCENTURY,THEVIKINGSFROMDENMARKCONTROLLEDTHENORTHERNANDEASTERNENGLANDAANGLOSAXONHERO,KINGALFREDTHEGREATFOUGHTAGAINSTTHEVIKINGSWITHTHETRULYENGLISHANDTHATSWHYTHERESACERTAINCULTURALDIFFERENCEBETWEENNORTHERNERSANDSOUTHERNERSINENGLANDLATER,THENORMANSFROMNORTHERNFRANCE,UNDERTHELEADINGOFWILLIAMOFNORMANDY,KILLEDTHEKINGANDWILLIAMBECAMETHEFIRSTOFENGLANDTHEYIMPORTED精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创8/9ARULINGCLASSTHATFRENCHSPEAKINGNORMANARISTOCRACYRULEDSAXONANDENGLISHSPEAKINGPOPULATIONINTHISCONDITION,THEREWERENTALOTOFREBELLIONSAMONGTHEENGLISHPEOPLETHATDIRECTLYFORMEDANENGLISHUNIQUECHA