汽车变速器的发展历史及未来趋势.pdf

M?ZN#t向立明(石家庄铁道学院,河北石家庄050043)K1:汽车变速器发展经历了100多年,从最初采用侧链传动到手动变速器,到现在的液力自动变速器和电控机械式自动变速器,再向无级自动变速器方向发展b文中说明了各种变速器的结构与工作原理及优缺点,论述了变速器的发展趋势b1oM:汽车；变速器；工作原理；发展历史；发展趋势ms|:U463.212DSM:BcI|:1671-2668(2007)01-0012-04?#,?3AV.d?zb.d#Mb?MSl,7RMS,B7S.d!MbMT:M.1,vzS,PaMR,HP?X/T；?Z_M-4/,LC|R；LCb,?.,P?ab100M,MMMH.1mM)1M)1M?Zb1M?ZN1.1*.d*.d,V?WTeb?zBFh,.BbzB=Y,PR,vF,?Pr32km/hbT,7?H,PRT/0,lYzbm1U*Y.bm1*Y.WBS=5:#G+#z1886MH,5:#G/,/b,?,H.,W,b-OBO,C1-,_mc,:bM,MH.1,Py1b*K.db1.2mMmM(MT)1.,M=F.1,RHYV:PM=TbH,.1vT；7H,.1lTbF%,M1bnmMMhMT8aaaaF(nm2),m2mMFT/BW0,M8,Bbm2Vn,12公路与汽运Highways&AutomotiveApplications第1期2007年1月,Wv,SY；WW,W；Wzbo,V；=)b,b1.31MmMNT,PPR,YR；OPR/6aaUa/vs,1MpS,_)?Z1Sb1M,1A1M(AT)aeT1M(AMT)a)1M(CVT)b1.3.1液力自动变速器(AT)ATM,|MM,P1MbB,AMaMA:#edF(m3U)bATYV.|,iYV1M7|),e7MHD,LCM1TbATZTea,|A|eq,Vbm3A1MeATV|hM,vvePRTb!B1uSmc,Bf/,1:TbPRezVe,A1H9VbPRTe,n,9VPhM,.hb1.3.2电控机械式自动变速器(AMT)AMT.dTMT$/,98.Mf/YVFeda.M,|a#?:e1bTm4Ubm4eT1MTeT1MV-a#PRim1ebPRYVF4(Sa?pate)_e(ECU)Vrim,?aaaa7.LHS?,i|M|ECU,ECUi%!EPRPR?p(KD?paKD?pa?1a?p),7a#e,LC?aMKD,V7R?a?bAMTLCM1e,:TsaA,PTZL,hPbYVECUKe,P?KX#H,iVE13公路与汽运总第118期Highways&AutomotiveApplicationsmT/byN,AMTVP4b.dM.,.rqAM,.9ebAMTM$LCT1,3?zagnarqa/ea:ZL,X1M7?bAMTYVeLC1,9!M1.aECU#,mM,49M4b1.3.3无级自动变速器(CVT)CVTX.ZTB,XLCVTs.z,.b-L=(wv)TaTagT#OTCVTb,TCVT7?K*,KbT)M.)M.bvLlV,T)M6a#b1A1MmMDbyN,TCVT11987MnQ,E+MWW,921W|v?Zbm5U,CVTd1FaVm5T)MTFa.A,qbFVFV%F,LBV,6B5%bV%s,sVV.Yb?n5.,YVV.V,Kha.zb_C9F,Vs_%sL,Whl,yVsT,._M,T9vbMV,.B,VVss.T,V%s_M,W|9v,VThl,V7P)M.1hlb_Chl,5MQTV,)M.19Fb.)M.YVTaV_C,M.aVT,7LC)bCVTMeZTm1?Zt,LC1)M,7O:eL,hMTATHK,hmT1p,.2,4abMTATs)C0M,CVTVLCM,7OYa,#?a1p,?bCVT?vRM1p#H.1,V?LCKD,P?S)KDT,?Kvr?,Oq,KD6；Hy,hlb,bN,ATM1,CVTeXaaZLarq(90%)aTVLbyN,CVT-B5M.TbCWX9|CVT/,?Z,CVT|MT,aW?Zb2M?ZtM,0/f?Z,0e1MW,X.dbB8/5,wMvMb1MC0t,+Yv?/?Z,Pe?MV?b2.1?0e1M?0e1M0dVRVe,4,7OVV0(aTaM)bH1d,V|#p:c14公路与汽运Highways&AutomotiveApplications第1期2007年1月/,LbeM,PPRi,7O?e%+yf/M5,P1Me?#VLv4bC0e1M1+B()a?pebe,e?aa7|,7OQ?aMTaR|be,?Q?ML=b?pi%?p,KD6a#FRH6aKDb,PRV1M?p,LCKDeba?p0e,P?M7R/?)KDTb2.20e)M(ECVT)M?1M1,#?XMe,1.b1M?v1MS,ia,)M)MW,7X)M.S=?a1MM1,PMSKD?p1Mb)1MXpb)Mi8va(.rq5,7O%05Mnb0/,0eV)Mx#j,7?b-,VaVDTm7?iNMbWv)MEsb|,0e)MVW?Zb2.3lha.L?P,1MlTbB1,%yBbLV:1%,V0.7%b|hqb6BZ,1pm4,1p?3f/,4vPRbW,yN,MlA1b2.4.2.2,.2Q?d.2b.2M12,M.2d11b+EM,.2v,|Arb.!9,YV4.2,lalav!9XbMQ8M.2Z9?1T,Q8,KEgiQ8+,VrM.2b2.50eAeM1,0eA,VLCAe4LCe?,PM?4；VveAe,h3gb0e?aq?LC,q,VPaM+b0?Z,.d0eV?aa5dYV9LaZ7LC8e,BeebID:1,V,.M/?ZZJ.7?,2005(5).2ob,.?ZM.:,.A1M?ZJ.MCC,q,2004(7).7k,.1MdF#?ZJ.,2006,20(1).8.)M(CVT)?Z_J.q,2003(21).9,a,.)M?ZJ.,2005,29(1).10