秘书英语第二版教师用书unit 13

教师用书UNIT17HOWDOESASECRETARYBECOMEALEARNEDINTERNATIONALBUSINESSPERSONSECTION1TALKINGABOUTINTERNATIONALTRADE一、背景知识随着世界经济一体化的广泛和深入发展，各国各部门、企事业单位、各种公司无不卷入到国际商务的大潮中。跨过经商或从事与国际商务有关的工作是摆在各级领导面前的新课题、新任务。他们要学、要知道的层出不穷，但由于时间和精力有限，不可能做到事事了解、精通，面面俱到。但是做秘书的却要事事想得周到，走在前头，使知识增长、更新与时俱进。国际贸易是国际商务中最重要的国际活动之一。国际贸易是指世界各国（地区）之间货物、知识和服务的交换，是各国（地区）之间分工的表现，反映了世界各国（地区）在经济上的相互依靠。了解其发生、发展、始末和缘由是成为一名合格的涉外秘书所必备的知识之一。二、课前提问1WHATISBUSINESS2WHATISINTERNATIONALBUSINESS3WHATISINTERNATIONALTRADE4WHATDOYOUTHINKOFINTERNATIONALTRADE5DOESITHAVEANYTHINGTODOWITHYOUHOWISIT6HAVEYOUEVERDONEANYBUSINESSDOMESTICALLYANDINTERNATIONALLYWHEREANDHOW三、语言学习1IQUITEAGREEYES,OFCOURSEITAKEYOURPOINTICOULDNTAGREEMORE这几句话都是表达同意他人意见和肯定的意思。只是表示的程度稍有不同。前三句没有第四句表达的意思强烈。相似的说法还有QUITEYOUREABSOLUTLYRIGHTIMWITHYOUONTHAT/THERE非正式用语IMOFEXACTLYTHESAMEOPINION表示部分同意或略有不同的话有IMNOTSOSUREABOUTTHATISEEWHATYOUMEAN,BUTIAGREEWITHMUCH/MOSTOFWHATYOUSAY,BUTTHERESSOME/ALOTOFTRUTHINWHATYOUSAY,BUT正是用语表示不同意的话有DOYOUREALLYTHINKSOIMNOTREALLYSUREIFIWOULDAGREE/GOALONGWITHYOUONTHAT/THEREIMSORRY,BUTIREALLYCANTAGREEWITHYOUONTHAT/THERE正是用语2LACK用作及物动词。如果做不及物动词用，一般以现在分词形式出现。如HEISLACKINGINCOURAGE他缺乏勇气。LACK还可以用作名词，后面又用介词OF,如PRODUCTIONDECREASEDFORLACKOFRAWMATERIAL生产因缺乏原材料而下降了。3THETHEORYOFCOMPARATIVEADVANTAGEORTHECOMPARATIVECOSTTHEORY比较利益理论/学说。该学说是由英国古典政治经济学家大卫李嘉图提出的。按照这一理论，即使一个国家不具备生产某种产品的绝对利益，它也可以生产对自己相对有利的产品与其他国家交换，从中得到利益。这是构成国际分工的重要理论基础。4ABSOLUTEADVANTAGE绝对利益。该理论认为，一种商品将在其耗费资源（资金、土地、劳动力）成本最低的国家进行生产。四、参考答案1RESTUDYTHEDIALOGUEANDBRIEFLYANSWERTHEFOLLOWINGQUESTIONSABOUTIT1WHATISINTERNATIONALTRADEINTERNATIONALTRADEISJUSTTHEFAIRANDDELIBERATEEXCHANGEOFGOODSANDSERVICESACROSSNATIONALBOUNDARIESITCONCERNSTRADEOPERATIONSOFBOTHIMPORTANDEXPORT2WHYDOWETRADEINTERNATIONALLYGENERALLY,THEREAREFOURREASONSFORITFIRST,INTHECOMPLEXECONOMICWORLD,NOCOUNTRYCANBECOMPLETELYSELFSUFFICIENTSECOND,FOREIGNTRADEALSOOCCURSBECAUSEACOUNTRYOFTENDOESNOTHAVEENOUGHOFAPARTICULARITEMTOMEETITSNEEDSTHIRD,ONECOUNTRYCANSELLSOMEITEMSATALOWERCOSTTHANOTHERCOUNTRIESTHIRD,ONECOUNTRYCANSELLSOMEITEMSATALOWERCOSTTHANOTHERCOUNTRIES3WHATISTHETRADITIONALEXAMPLETOILLUSTRATETHECOMPARATIVEADVANTAGETHEORYITISTHATTHEBESTLAWYERINTOWNISALSOTHEBESTTYPISTINTOWNSINCETHISLAWYERCANNOTAFFORDTOGIVEUPPRECIOUSTIMEFROMLEGALAFFAIRS,ATYPISTISHIREDWHOMAYBELESSEFFICIENTTHANTHELAWYERINBOTHLEGALANDTYPINGMATTERSBUTTHETYPISTSCOMPARATIVEDISADVANTAGEISLEASTINTYPINGTHEREFORE,THETYPISTHASARELATIVECOMPARATIVEADVANTAGEINTYPING4WHATISVISIBLETRADEITREFERSTOTHEIMPORTANDEXPORTOFGOODS,THATISRAWMATERIALSANDFINISHEDPRODUCTS5WHYDOESTHEUNITEDSTATESIMPORTLARGENUMBERSOFAUTOSFROMGERMANY,JAPANANDSWEDENITISBECAUSETHATTHEREISAMARKETFORTHEMINTHEUNITEDSTATES6WHYDOESACOUNTRYHAVETODEVELOPEXPORTGREATLYSHEDOESSOTOGETTHENECESSARYFOREIGNCURRENCYTOPAYFORTHINGSITNEEDSBUTCANNOTSUPPLYITSELF,ORCANNOTSUPPLYADEQUATELYTOMEETTHEDEMANDSOFITSPEOPLEANDTHENEEDSOFITSNATIONALRECONSTRUCTION2。TRANSLATETHEFOLLOWINGSENTENCESINTOCHINESE1INTHECOMPLEXECONOMICWORLD,NOCOUNTRYCANBECOMPLETELYSELFSUFFICIENT在复杂的经济世界里，没有一个国家可以完全自给自足。2SOMECOUNTRIESAREABUNDANTINRESOURCES,WHILEELSEWHERERESERVESARESCARCEOREVENNONEXISTENT一些国家资源丰富，而另外一些国家则资源匮乏或没有资源。3INREALITY,KINDSOFTRADENATIONSENGAGEINAREVARIEDANDCOMPLEX,OFTENAMIXTUREOFVISIBLEANDINVISIBLETRADE在现实中，国家从事的贸易种类是多样的、复杂的，往往是有形贸易和无形贸易的混合形式。4WESHOULDREALIZETHATFORMOSTNATIONS,EXPORTSANDIMPORTSARETHEMOSTIMPORTANTINTERNATIONALACTIVITY我们应该认识到对多数国家来说，进出口都是最重要的国际活动。5TRADEBETWEENCOUNTRIESCANBEPROFITABLEFORALL,EVENIFONEOFTHECOUNTRIESCANPRODUCEEVERYCOMMODITYMORECHEAPLY国家之间进行贸易对参加国都有好处，即使一个国家能够较低成本低生产每一种商品。6NATIONSTRYTOMAINTAINAFAVORABLEBALANCEOFTRADE,WHICHASSURESTHEMOFTHEMEANSTOBUYNECESSARYIMPORTS各国努力保持贸易顺差，以确保国家有外汇购买必要的进口商品。3FILLINTHEBLANKSACCORDINGTOTHEDIALOGUEINTERNATIONALTRADEISGENERALLYDIVIDEDINTOVISIBLETRADEANDINVISIBLETRADETHEFORMERREFERSTOTHEIMPORTANDEXPORTOFGOODS,THATISRAWMATERIALSANDFINISHEDPRODUCTSWHILETHELATTERINVOLVESTHEEXCHANGEOFSERVICESBETWEENCOUNTRIESSUCHASTRANSPORTATIONSERVICEACROSSNATIONALBOUNDARIES,INSURANCE,TOURISM,BANKING,IMMIGRANTREMITTANCEANDSOONINREALITY,KINDSOFTRADENATIONSENGAGEINAREVARIEDANDCOMPLEX,OFTENAMIXTUREOFVISIBLEANDINVISIBLETRADEBESIDES,WESHOULDREALIZETHATFORMOSTNATIONS,EXPORTSANDIMPORTSARETHEMOSTIMPORTANTINTERNATIONALACTIVITYWHENNATIONSEXPORTMORETHANTHEYIMPORT,THEYARESAIDTOHAVEAFAVORABLEBALANCEOFTRADEWHENTHEYIMPORTMORETHANTHEYEXPORT,ANUNFAVORABLEBALANCEOFTRADEEXISTSNATIONSTRYTOMAINTAINAFAVORABLEBALANCEOFTRADE,WHICHASSURESTHEMOFTHEMEANSTOBUYNECESSARYIMPORTS4TRUEORFALSE1INTERNATIONALTRADEISJUSTWORLDTRADE,FOREIGNTRADE,THEBUYINGANDSELLINGOFGOODSANDSERVICESBETWEENDIFFERENTCOUNTRIEST2THEDISTRIBUTIONOFNATURALRESOURCESISEVENF3INTERNATIONALTRADEISBENEFICIALFORALLPARTICIPANTST4THELAWYERSHOULDDOBOTHIFHEISGOODATBOTHLEGALAFFAIRSANDTYPINGF5ALLCOUNTRIESWANTTOEXPORTMORETHANTHEYIMPORTTOHAVEAFAVORABLEBALANCEOFTRADET6NOCOUNTRIESCANSUPPLYTHINGSADEQUATELYTOMEETTHEDEMANDSOFITSPEOPLEANDTHENEEDSOFITSNATIONALRECONSTRUCTIONT五、参考译文第17单元秘书怎样成为一名有学识的国际商务人第一部分谈论国际贸易A我们谈谈国际贸易或世界贸易吧。你能告诉我什么是国际贸易吗B是的，我能。国际贸易，又称世界贸易、对外贸易或海外贸易，是一种平等的、有意识的、跨国界的商品和服务的交换行为。它涉及进口业务和出口业务。A很对。能给我说说我们为什么要搞国际贸易吗B我想，一般说来有四个原因。第一，在这个复杂的经济世界，没有哪个国家能够完全自给自足。自然资源的分布式不均匀的。一些国家资源丰富，而另一些国家资源匮乏甚至没有。比如，英国有大量的煤但是缺乏金属。科威特藏有大量的石油却没有农产品。因此，境内没有这些资源的国家必须从那些拥有和出口这些资源的国家购买。第二，做外贸是因为没一个国家常有足够的某一种商品满足其需要。尽管美国是一个主要的糖生产国，但是她在国内消费得比她生产的多，因此，她必须进口糖。第三，一国可以以比其他国家便宜的价格出售某些产品。日本一直在大量出口收音机和电视机，因为日本可以生产这些产品比其他国家更经济。美国从日本购买这些产品比她自己在国内生产更便宜。第四，发生国际贸易是因为技术创新或样式。尽管美国比其他国家生产的汽车还要多，但是，她仍然从德国、日本和瑞典进口大量的汽车，主要是因为美国有这些汽车的市场。A我同意你的说法。这是世界贸易和经济活动的基础。你知道国际贸易常用什么理论来解释吗B是的，当然。是比较利益学说或叫做比较成本学说。比较利益学说指出国家间的贸易对所有参加国都有利益，即使有的国家生产每一种商品的成本都很低，只要在生产某种产品效率上存有微小、相对的差异，既是穷国都能在生产这种产品方面具有相对利益。有一个传统例子来说明这点某城镇最好的律师同时也是这个城镇里最好的打字员。由于这位律师不能放弃处理法律事务的宝贵时间，就聘用了一伟大资源。这位打字员无论在法律和大自发面都不如这位律师。但是这位打字员在大字方面的劣势是最小的。因此，这个大资源在大字方面就有一种相对比较利益。A你说得很对。我给你另外举一个例子说明这个理论是怎样解释国际贸易的。美国生产食品和生产服装都比欧洲生产食品效率相对更高，前者仅用欧洲的1/3个劳动力，后者只用1/2个劳动力。因而，美国在两种生产形式上都有绝对优势，而她在食品生产上的效率更大。在生产服装方面有比较劣势。结果是，大量的服装从欧洲出口到美国。我们可以得出结论如果每个国家专门生产某些有相对优势（即有最大相对效率）的产品，在这些国家之间展开的贸易有益于双方。顺便问一下，你有形和无形贸易知道些什么B嗯，让我想想。国际贸易通常分为有形贸易和无形贸易。有形贸易是指商品的进口和出口，即原材料和最终产品。无形贸易是指国家间的服务交换，比如跨国界的运输服务、保险、银行业、侨民汇款等。现实中，各国所进行的贸易是多种多样、复杂的，经常是有形贸易和无形贸易的混合形式。此外，我们应该认识到对多数国家来说，进出口贸易是最重要的国际活动。当国家出口大于进口，就说这些国家存在贸易顺差，当国家进口比出口多，就存在贸易逆差。各国都努力保持贸易顺差，这可以确保他们有外汇购买必需的进口商品。A你现在能说说为什么各国政府要卷入国际贸易、他们又是怎么做的呢B可以。这主要是因为各国要保护他们的国内产业，使进口商品不会比国产商品卖的更便宜。各国经常采取保护性措施，比如他们对进口商品征税和对进口商品进行额度限制。A国际贸易对任何国家都是必不可少的。出口是一个国家国际贸易中最重要的，国家出口是为了获取外汇，支付本国不能供给或供给不足的商品，来满足人民和国家建设的需要。要想成为称职的国际商务人员，就必须很好地了解国际贸易。B我完全同意你的观点。六、课文录音全文ALETSHAVEATALKABOUTINTERNATIONALTRADEORWORLDTRADECANYOUTELLMEWHATSINTERNATIONALTRADEBYES,ICANINTERNATIONALTRADEISJUSTTHEFAIRANDDELIBERATEEXCHANGEOFGOODSANDSERVICESACROSSNATIONALBOUNDARIESITCONCERNSTRADEOPERATIONSOFBOTHIMPORTANDEXPORTAQUITERIGHTNOWTELLMEWHYWEDOITBGENERALLYSPEAKING,ITHINK,THEREAREFOURREASONSFIRST,INTHECOMPLEXECONOMICWORLD,NOCOUNTRYCANBECOMPLETELYSELFSUFFICIENTTHEDISTRIBUTIONOFNATURALRESOURCESISUNEVENSOMECOUNTRIESAREABUNDANTINRESOURCES,WHILEELSEWHERERESERVESARESCARCEOREVENNONEXISTENTFORINSTANCE,BRITAINHASLARGERESERVESOFCOALBUTLACKSSOMEMETALRESERVESKUWAITHASVASTOILDEPOSITSBUTLITTLEFARMPRODUCETHEREFORE,COUNTRIESTHATDONOTHAVETHESERESOURCESWITHINTHEIROWNBOUNDARIESMUSTBUYFROMCOUNTRIESTHATHAVEANDEXPORTTHEMSECOND,FOREIGNTRADEALSOOCCURSBECAUSEACOUNTRYOFTENDOESNOTHAVEENOUGHOFAPARTICULARITEMTOMEETITSNEEDSALTHOUGHTHEUNITEDSTATESISAMAJORPRODUCEROFSUGAR,ITCONSUMESMORETHANITCANPRODUCEINTERNALLYANDTHUSMUSTIMPORTSUGARTHIRD,ONECOUNTRYCANSELLSOMEITEMSATALOWERCOSTTHANOTHERCOUNTRIESJAPANHASBEENABLETOEXPORTLARGEQUANTITIESOFRADIOSANDTELEVISIONSETSBECAUSEITCANPRODUCETHEMMOREEFFICIENTLYTHANOTHERCOUNTRIESITISCHEAPERFORTHEUNITEDSTATESTOBUYTHESEFROMJAPANTHANTOPRODUCETHEMDOMESTICALLYFINALLY,FOREIGNTRADETAKESPLACEBECAUSEOFINNOVATIONORSTYLEEVENTHOUGHTHEUNITEDSTATESPRODUCESMOREAUTOMOBILESTHANANYOTHERCOUNTRY,ITSTILLIMPORTSLARGENUMBERSOFAUTOSFROMGERMANY,JAPANANDSWEDEN,PRIMARILYBECAUSETHEREISAMARKETFORTHEMINTHEUNITEDSTATESAIQUITEAGREETHISISTHEFOUNDATIONOFWORLDTRADEANDECONOMICACTIVITYDOYOUKNOWWHATTHEORYISOFTENUSEDTOEXPLAININTERNATIONALTRADEBYES,OFCOURSEITSTHETHEORYOFCOMPARATIVEADVANTAGEORTHECOMPARATIVECOSTTHEORYITPOINTSOUTTHATTRADEBETWEENCOUNTRIESCANBEPROFITABLEFORALL,EVENIFONEOFTHECOUNTRIESCANPRODUCEEVERYCOMMODITYMORECHEAPLYASLONGASTHEREAREMINOR,RELATIVEDIFFERENCESINTHEEFFICIENCYOFPRODUCINGACOMMODITY,EVENAPOORCOUNTRYCANHAVEACOMPARATIVEADVANTAGEINPRODUCINGITANDWEHAVEATRADITIONALEXAMPLETOILLUSTRATETHISTHEBESTLAWYERINTOWNISALSOTHEBESTTYPISTINTOWNSINCETHISLAWYERCANNOTAFFORDTOGIVEUPPRECIOUSTIMEFROMLEGALAFFAIRS,ATYPISTISHIREDWHOMAYBELESSEFFICIENTTHANTHELAWYERINBOTHLEGALANDTYPINGMATTERSBUTTHETYPISTSCOMPARATIVEDISADVANTAGEISLEASTINTYPINGTHEREFORE,THETYPISTHASARELATIVECOMPARATIVEADVANTAGEINTYPINGAIUNDERSTANDYOURPOINTICANGIVEYOUANOTHEREXAMPLETOSHOWHOWTHISTHEORYWORKSTHEUNITEDSTATESISMOREEFFICIENTTHANEUROPEINPRODUCINGFOODUSINGONLYONETHIRDOFTHELABORTHATEUROPEDOESANDINPRODUCINGCLOTHINGUSINGONLYONEHALFTHELABORTHUS,WHILETHEUNITEDSTATESHASANABSOLUTEADVANTAGEINBOTHFORMSOFPRODUCTION,ITSEFFICIENCYINFOODPRODUCTIONISGREATERITHASACOMPARATIVEDISADVANTAGEINCLOTHINGCONSEQUENTLY,AGREATDEALOFCLOTHINGISEXPORTEDFROMEUROPETOTHEUNITEDSTATESWECANCONCLUDETHATIFEACHCOUNTRYSPECIALIZESINPRODUCTSINWHICHITHASACOMPARATIVEADVANTAGEGREATESTRELATIVEEFFICIENCY,TRADEBETWEENTHESECOUNTRIESWILLBEMUTUALLYPROFITABLEBYTHEWAY,WHATDOYOUKNOWABOUTVISIBLEANDINVISIBLETRADEBWELL,LETMESEEINTERNATIONALTRADEISGENERALLYDIVIDEDINTOVISIBLETRADEANDINVISIBLETRADETHEFORMERREFERSTOTHEIMPORTANDEXPORTOFGOODS,THATISRAWMATERIALSANDFINISHEDPRODUCTSWHILETHELATTERINVOLVESTHEEXCHANGEOFSERVICESBETWEENCOUNTRIESSUCHASTRANSPORTATIONSERVICEACROSSNATIONALBOUNDARIES,INSURANCE,TOURISM,BANKING,IMMIGRANTREMITTANCEANDSOONINREALITY,KINDSOFTRADECOUNTRIESENGAGEINAREVARIEDANDCOMPLEX,OFTENAMIXTUREOFVISIBLEANDINVISIBLETRADEBESIDES,WESHOULDREALIZETHATFORMOSTCOUNTRIES,EXPORTSANDIMPORTSARETHEMOSTIMPORTANTINTERNATIONALACTIVITYWHENNATIONSEXPORTMORETHANTHEYIMPORT,THEYARESAIDTOHAVEAFAVORABLEBALANCEOFTRADEWHENTHEYIMPORTMORETHANTHEYEXPORT,ANUNFAVORABLEBALANCEOFTRADEEXISTSCOUNTRIESTRYTOMAINTAINAFAVORABLEBALANCEOFTRADE,WHICHASSURESTHEMOFTHEMEANSTOBUYNECESSARYIMPORTSANOWCOULDYOUTELLMEWHYANDHOWGOVERNMENTSHAVETOGETINVOL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项贸易术语只限用于海上或内陆水上运输。六、课文录音全文SECTION2GETTINGTOKNOWWHATISINCOTERMSININTERNATIONALTRADE,TERMSANDCONDITIONSOFQUALITY,QUANTITY,PACKING,PRICE,DELIVERY,INSURANCE,TERMSOFPAYMENT,INSPECTION,CLAIMANDARBITRATIONSHOULDBECLEARLYANDREASONABLYSTATEDINTHECONTRACTSOASTOCLARIFYTHEDUTIESANDOBLIGATIONSOFTHESELLERANDTHEBUYERAMONGTHEMPRICETERMSARETHEMOSTIMPORTANTONESPRICETERMS,ALSOCALLEDTRADETERMSORDELIVERYTERMSARETHESHORTTERMSORABBREVIATIONSUSEDTOEXPLAINTHEPRICECOMPOSITIONANDTHERIGHTSANDOBLIGATIONSOFTHEBUYERANDTHESELLEREVERYCOMMERCIALTRANSACTIONISBASEDONASALESCONTRACT,ANDTHETRADETERMSUSEDINTHECONTRACTHAVETHEIMPORTANTFUNCTIONOFNAMINGTHEEXACTPOINTATWHICHTHEOWNERSHIPOFTHEMERCHANDISEISTRANSFERREDFROMTHESELLERTOTHEBUYERTHETRADETERMSALSODEFINETHERESPONSIBILITIESANDEXPENSESOFBOTHTHESELLERANDTHEBUYERTHEIRUSEGREATLYSIMPLIFIESTHECONTRACTNEGOTIATIONSANDTHUSSAVESTIMEANDCOSTTRADETERMSHAVEBEENDEVELOPEDINPRACTICEOVERMANYYEARSTOFITPARTICULARCIRCUMSTANCESHOWEVER,ASDIFFERENTCOUNTRIESMIGHTHAVEDIFFERENTINTERPRETATIONSOFTHETERMS,MISUNDERSTANDINGSOCCURREDFREQUENTLYTOCLEARUPTHECONFUSION,THEINTERNATIONALCHAMBEROFCOMMERCEICCDREWUPASETOFSTANDARDTERMSANDDEFINITIONSIN1936,WHICHARECALLEDINCOTERMS1936THEYWEREREVISEDIN1953,1982,ANDAGAININ1990TODAYINCOTERMS1990AREPREVAILINGFOB,CFRANDCIFARETHEMOSTOFTENUSEDTRADETERMSININTERNATIONALTRADEFOBISTHEABBREVIATIONOFFREEONBOARDUNDERFOB，THESELLERDELIVERSTHEGOODSONBOARDTHESHIPNOMINATEDBYTHEBUYERATTHESPECIFIEDPORTOFSHIPMENTWITHINTHEAGREEDPERIODTHERISKOFLOSSOFORDAMAGETOTHEGOODSISTRANSFERREDFROMTHESELLERTOTHEBUYERWHENTHESEGOODSPASSOVERTHESHIPSRAILTHESELLERSHOULDSUPPLYTHEGOODSINACCORDANCEWITHTHECONTRACTANDPROVIDEATHISEXPENSEANYEXPORTLICENSEOROTHERGOVERNMENTALAUTHORIZATIONNECESSARYFORTHEEXPORTOFGOODSTHESELLERSHOULDALSOPROVIDETHEBUYERONREQUESTANDATBUYERSEXPENSEWITHTHECERTIFICATEOFORIGIN，ANDOFFERANYASSISTANCETOOBTAINBILLSOFLADINGANDOTHERNECESSARYDOCUMENTATIONTHEBUYERBEARSALLCOSTANDRISKOFTHECARGOFROMTHETIMEITHASPASSEDTHESHIPSRAILANDPAYSTHEPRICEASSPECIFIEDINTHESALESCONTRACTTHEBUYERALSOPAYSALLCOSTTOTHESELLERTOOBTAINBILLSOFLADING，CERTIFICATEOFORIGINANDANYOTHERDOCUMENTATIONREQUIREDCFRREFERSTOCOSTANDFREIGHTUNDERCFR，THESELLERMUSTPAYTHECOSTSANDFREIGHTNECESSARYTOBRINGTHEGOODSTOTHENAMEDDESTINATIONPORT，BUTTHERISKOFLOSSOFORDAMAGETOTHEGOODSISTRANSFERREDFROMTHESELLERTOTHEBUYERWHENTHEGOODSPASSTHESHIPSRAILATTHESPECIFIEDPORTOFSHIPMENTCFRREQUIRESTHESELLERTOCLEARTHEGOODSFOREXPORTTHATIS，THESELLERSHOULDPROVIDEANDPAYFORANYEXPORTLICENSEOROTHERNECESSARYGOVERNMENTALAUTHORIZATIONTOEXPORTTHECARGOITISTHESELLERTHATCHARTERSSHIPS，BOOKSSHIPPINGSPACEANDPAYSFORTHECARGOLOADINGWHENTHEGOODSARELOADEDONBOARDTHEVESSEL，THESELLERSHOULDSENDSHIPPINGNOTICETOTHEBUYERCARGOINSURANCEISTOBEEFFECTEDBYTHEBUYERTHEBUYERRECEIVESTHEGOODSATTHEPORTOFDESTINATIONANDFUNDSALLUNLOADINGEXPENSESATTHEDESTINATIONPORTUNLESSSUCHCOSTSHAVEBEENINCLUDEDINTHEFREIGHTORCOLLECTEDBYTHESHIPOWNERATTHETIMEFREIGHTWASPAIDCIFSTANDSFORCOST,INSURANCEANDFREIGHTUNDERCIF，INADDITITIONTOCFROBL