翻译文献-j2ee是一套全然不同于传统应用开发的技术架构

外文原文J2EEISACOMPLETELYDIFFERENTFROMTHETRADITIONALAPPLICATIONDEVELOPMENTTECHNOLOGYINFRASTRUCTURE,CONTAINSMANYCOMPONENTS,THEMAJORAPPLICATIONSYSTEMTOSIMPLIFYANDSTANDARDIZETHEDEVELOPMENTANDDEPLOYMENT,ANDTOIMPROVEPORTABILITY,SECURITYANDTHEVALUEOFREUSEJ2EECOREISAGROUPOFTECHNICALSPECIFICATIONSANDGUIDELINES,WHICHCONTAINSVARIOUSCOMPONENTS,SERVICESTRUCTUREANDTHETECHNICALLEVEL,HAVECOMMONSTANDARDSANDSPECIFICATIONSFORALLTOFOLLOWTHESTRUCTUREOFJ2EEPLATFORMBETWEENTHEEXISTENCEOFGOODCOMPATIBILITY,ADDRESSINGPASTUSEOFTHEBACKENDENTERPRISEINFORMATIONPRODUCTSCANNOTBECOMPATIBLEWITHEACHOTHER,RESULTINGININTERNALOREXTERNALINTEROPERABILITYDIFFICULTDILEMMAINTHEJ2EEFRAMEWORK,DEVELOPERSCANFOLLOWNORMATIVEBASIS,ANDDEVELOPENTERPRISELEVELAPPLICATIONS,ANDJ2EEDIFFERENTSUPPLIERS,WITHTHESUPPORTOFDIFFERENTJ2EEVERSIONOFTHEPROPOSEDSTANDARDSTOENSURETHATDIFFERENTJ2EEPLATFORMANDCOMPATIBILITYBETWEENPRODUCTSINOTHERWORDS,THESTRUCTUREOFTHEPLANTBASEDJ2EEAPPLICATIONSCANBASICALLYBEDEPLOYEDINDIFFERENTAPPLICATIONSONTHESERVER,ORTHENEEDTOCARRYOUTONLYASMALLAMOUNTOFCODECHANGESTHATCANSIGNIFICANTLYIMPROVEAPPLICATIONPORTABILITYPORTABILITYJ2EEFROMTHESUNSUNVENDORSSUCHASIBMANDCOORDINATEDDEVELOPMENTOFTHEINDUSTRYFROMTHETECHNICALSPECIFICATIONSTOENTERPRISESISBETWEENENTERPRISESJAVACOMPUTINGORIENTEDDEVELOPMENTENVIRONMENTJ2EEARCHITECTUREDEFINESVARIOUSKINDSOFCOMPONENTS,SUCHASWEBCOMPONENT,EJBCOMPONENTANDSOON,ANDVARIOUSCOMPONENTSCANBEREUSEDREUSE,HASCOMPLETEDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFCOMPONENTS,ORISDERIVEDFROMPROCUREMENTBYTHECOMPONENTSOFTHEMARKETAREFURTHERASSEMBLEDINTODIFFERENTSYSTEMSFORDEVELOPERS,NEEDONLYFOCUSONTHEAPPLICATIONSOFTHEBUSINESSLOGICANDSTRUCTUREDESIGN,ASFORTHEBOTTOMOFTHECUMBERSOMEPROCEDURESWRITINGCANBEPAIREDWITHDIFFERENTDEVELOPMENTPLATFORMS,INORDERTOALLOWTHEAPPLICATIONSYSTEMDEVELOPMENTANDDEPLOYMENTEFFICIENCYINCREASEDDRAMATICALLYJ2EESTANDARDISTHECOREOFENTERPRISEJAVABEANSEJBSEJBINACCORDANCEWITHTHEDIFFERENTCHARACTERISTICSISCURRENTLYDIVIDEDINTOTHREE,NAMELYSESSIONBEAN,ENTITYBEAN,ASWELLASMESSAGEDRIVENBEANWHICHSESSIONBEANANDEJBENTITYBEANISTHEANCESTOROFTHETWOEJBSPECIFICATIONSINTHEEJB1XVERSIONHASBEENINTRODUCEDTHERE,ANDMESSAGEDRIVENBEANISEMERGINGINTHEEJB20OFTHESPECIFICATIONSATPRESENTTHEINDUSTRYMANYPROGRAMMERS,ORWEBPAGEDESIGN,MOREUSEOFJSP/SERVLETTHECONVENIENCEOFTHEJ2EESERVERONTHEFURTHERDEVELOPMENTOFRELATEDAPPLICATIONS,ORINTEGRATEINTERNALRESOURCESOFALLKINDSJAVA2PLATFORM,INACCORDANCEWITHTHEDIFFERENTAREASOFAPPLICATION,ISDIVIDEDINTOTHREEVERSIONS,NAMELY,J2EE,THESTANDARDVERSIONOFJ2SEJAVA2PLATFORM,STANDARDEDITION,MICROVERSIONOFJ2MEJAVA2PLATFORM,MICROEDITION,ANDJAVACARD,ETCFROMTHEOVERALLPERSPECTIVE,THEUSEOFJAVAJ2EETECHNOLOGYDEVELOPMENTENTERPRISEAPPLICATIONSADEFACTOINDUSTRYSTANDARDSUNMICROSYSTEMSFORITSOWNINTERESTS,HASYETTOBEJAVAANDITSRELATEDTECHNOLOGIESINTOTHESYSTEMORGANIZATIONFORSTANDARDIZATION,ITISJAVACONTINUETOADAPTTOTECHNOLOGYANDTHEPROMOTIONOFENTERPRISEAPPLICATIONSINTHEPROCESSOFPRODUCTSUNINTRODUCEDJ2EEISDESIGNEDTOOVERCOMETHETRADITIONALCLIENT/SERVERMODELOFILLSTOPANDERTOTHEBROWSER/SERVERARCHITECTURETRENDFORTHEUSEOFJAVATECHNOLOGYDEVELOPMENTSERVERSIDEAPPLICATIONSTOPROVIDEAPLATFORMINDEPENDENT,PORTABLE,MULTIUSER,SECURITY,ANDBASEDONTHEINDUSTRYSTANDARDFORENTERPRISECLASSPLATFORM,WHICHSIMPLIFIESTHEDEVELOPMENTOFENTERPRISEAPPLICATIONS,MANAGEMENTANDDEPLOYMENTJ2EEISASTANDARD,RATHERTHANOFFTHESHELFPRODUCTSJ2EEPLATFORMDEVELOPERSALLNORMSWEREDEVELOPEDINACCORDANCEWITHTHEDIFFERENTJ2EEAPPLICATIONSERVERSJ2EEAPPLICATIONSERVERISJ2EEENTERPRISEAPPLICATIONDEPLOYMENTPLATFORMASTHEYFOLLOWEDTHEJ2EESTANDARD,THEREFORE,THEUSEOFJ2EETECHNOLOGYDEVELOPMENTENTERPRISEAPPLICATIONSCANBEDEPLOYEDINAVARIETYOFJ2EEAPPLICATIONSERVERINORDERTOPROMOTETHEUSEOFSTANDARDIZEDJ2EEARCHITECTUREANDENTERPRISEAPPLICATIONSARCHITECTURE,SUNATTHESAMETIMEPRESENTEDAPROPOSALOFTHEJ2EEAPPLICATIONDESIGNMODELJ2EEBLUEPRINTSJ2EEBLUEPRINTSPROVIDEFORTHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFTHEJ2EEENTERPRISEAPPLICATIONSARCHITECTURE,DESIGNPATTERNSANDRELATEDCODE,J2EEBLUEPRINTSTHROUGHTHEAPPLICATIONOFTHESYSTEMDESCRIBEDBYTHEMODEL,CANSIMPLIFYTHESTRUCTUREOFTHISCOMPLEXENTERPRISEAPPLICATIONSWORKJ2EEBLUEPRINTSAREDEVELOPERSDESIGNANDOPTIMIZETHEBASICPRINCIPLESOFJ2EECOMPONENTS,ATTHESAMETIMEWORKONTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHEDIVISIONOFFUNCTIONSISTHEGUIDINGSTRATEGY,DESIGNEDTOHELPAPPLICATIONDEVELOPMENTSTAFFRATIONALALLOCATIONOFTECHNICALRESOURCESXMLBASEDWEBSERVICESB2BCOMMUNICATIONSANDCOLLABORATIONISBASEDONTHEMODELDEVELOPEDNEWNORMSITPROVIDESACONCEPTANDSTRUCTURE,APPLICABLETOALLKINDSOFDIFFERENTPLATFORMSANDPRODUCTSFOUNDATIONNOW,DEVELOPERSCANUSETHEJ2EETECHNOLOGYTODEVELOPXMLBASEDWEBSERVICESTHEYCANUSEEXISTINGJ2EETECHNOLOGYTODEVELOPINTEGRITY,COMPLIANCEWITHTHEXMLSTANDARD,FULLYWEBCOMMONSERVICESNONEEDTOREDESIGNORSTRUCTUREEXISTINGJ2EESYSTEM,DEVELOPERSCANCONSTRUCTCOMPLEXANDPOWERFULWEBSERVICESAPPLICATIONSINTRODUCEDAWEBSERVICESCANRECEIVEINFORMATIONFROMTHEINTERNETORINTRANETTRANSFERFROMOTHERSYSTEMSINATTHEREQUESTOFTHEINDEPENDENTLIGHTWEIGHTCOMMUNICATIONSTECHNOLOGIESTHISTECHNOLOGYALLOWSALLSYSTEMSINTHENETWORKTOINTERACTALONGWITHTECHNOLOGICALDEVELOPMENT,AWEBSERVICESCANINCLUDEADDITIONALSPECIFIEDFEATURESANDAPPLICATIONSINANUMBEROFB2BCOLLABORATIVECO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人员就可以构建复杂的强大的WEB服务应用。WEB服务是一种可以接收从INTERNET或者INTRANET上的其它系统中传递过来的请求，轻量级的独立的通讯技术。这种技术允许网络上的所有系统进行交互。随着技术的发展，一个WEB服务可以包含额外的指定功能并且可以在多个B2B应用中协作通讯。WEB服务正在不断完善，并且以一种非常智能的动态的方法来进行。这些灵活的WEB服务可以理解请求中上下文的关系，并且在每一个特定的情况下产生动态的结果。这些服务会根据用户的身份，地点以及产生请求的原因来改变不同的处理，用以产生一个唯一的，定制的方案。这种协作机制对那些只对最终结果有兴趣的用户来说，是完全透明的。这种WEB服务所遵循的XML标准可以增进事物通信的性能。开发人员将可以利用不同的平台，产品和标准来实现很多种可能。通过这种标准，开发人员可以建立一个系统使他们的WEB服务提供最大的协同工作的能力。这份白皮书描述了如何方便地利用JAVA和XML技术来实现WEB服务构架。它说明了WEB服务中的每一个关键部分以及如何使他们结合在一起。你将会对基于XML的WEB服务的结构以及如何与J2EE结合，有一个更加深入的了解我们从如何利用J2EE建立WEB服务开始。这部分将使你对如何建立一个WEB服务有一个了解。一般来说，在不同的事务之间进行电子通信协作会有很多阻碍。全异的系统，安全限制和不相同的数据格式，导致很多B2B系统在他们自己的领域或者客户群中形成唯一。WEB服务将改变这一切，使不同的事务互相通信变为可能，值得注意的是，这会降低建立商业站点的开发和维护成本。在建立WEB服务的时候，有三个主要步骤1建立客户端联接为了允许APPLETS，APPLICATIONS，商业合作伙伴，浏览器和PDAS使用WEB服务。2实现WEB服务包括工作流，数据传送，商业逻辑以及数据访问。这些功能是隐藏在WEB服务后，并且为客户端工作的。3联接后台系统这个系统可能包括一个或多个数据库，现存的企业信息系统，商业合作伙伴自己的系统或者WEB服务，以及在多个系统中共享的数据。你可以利用J2EE来实现这三个目标。用J2EE开发WEB服务基于以下两个技术XML技术在WEB服务中，XML标准是非常重要的。XML是一种数据格式，它可以以一种连贯的方式来表现数据，并且可以在网络中以点对点的形式传送。这些不同的XML标准连同指定的处理方法是设计来支持特定的行为的。JAVA技术DEVELOPERS开发人员利用J2EEAPIS来创建事务和表现的逻辑，访问XML文档，以及对XML文档进行操作。信任被证实可行的JAVA技术是非常重要的，因为它允许开发者利用现有的下部构造，在其上构建新的功能。开发者可以继续利用J2EE的标准API以及各种优秀的组件来开发系统。现在，开发者可以利用J2EE中提供的JAVAAPIFORXMLPARSINGJAXP来开发WEB服务，我们将在稍后介绍。这个新的APIS主要用来处理XML数据格式以及服务，将使开发变得更容易，效率更高。UDDIUNIVERSALDESCRIPTION,DISCOVERY,ANDINTEGRATION是一个主要针对WEB服务供应商和使用者的新项目。UDDI项目中的成员可以通过UDDIBUSINESSREGISTRYUBR来操作WEB服务的调用，UBR是一个全球性的服务。WEB服务供应商可以在UBR中描述并且注册他们的服务。用户可以在UBR中查找并定位那些他们需要的服务。UDDI利用SOAP消息机制（标准的XML/HTTP）来发布，编辑，浏览以及查找注册信息。它采用XML格式来封装各种不同类型的数据，并且发送到注册中心或者由注册中心来返回需要的数据。这些对WEB服务的注册信息进行的操作，可以使用当前的一些WEB服务工具来完成（例如第三方的SOAP和EBXML消息工具）。另外，当JAXP提供了一致并具有针对性的API来完成这些操作，这将使开发变得更加容易。当商业用户通过UDDI找到你的WSDL描述文档后，他通过可以SIMPLEOBJECTACCESSPROTOCOLSOAP调用你建立的WEB服务中的一个或多个操作。SOAP是XML文档形式的调用商业方法的规范，它可以支持不同的底层接口，象HTTPS或者SMTP。之所以使用XML是因为它的独立于编程语言，良好的可扩展性以及强大的工业支持。之所