英文翻译-邯郸县医院门诊﹑医技﹑病房医疗综合楼及地下车库的勘察报告

河北工程大学本科毕业设计英语翻译译文题目EVALUATINGDAMAGEPOTENTIALINBUILDINGSAFFECTEDBYEXCAVATIONS地基开挖对建筑物存在的潜在危害学生姓名杨鑫专业勘查技术与工程班级学号090250126指导老师段万喜2013年05月15日EVALUATINGDAMAGEPOTENTIALINBUILDINGSAFFECTEDBYEXCAVATIONABSTRACTPREDICTINGBUILDINGDAMAGEDUETOGROUNDMOVEMENTSCAUSEDBYEXCAVATIONSISANIMPORTANTDESIGNCONSIDERATIONWHENBUILDINGINACONGESTEDURBANENVIRONMENTCURRENTPREDICTIVEAPPROACHESRANGEFROMEMPIRICALMETHODSTODETAILEDFINITEELEMENTCALCULATIONSLIMITATIONSINHERENTINTHESIMPLEROFTHESEMODELSPRECLUDETHEMFROMACCURATELYPREDICTINGDAMAGEINCASESWHEREIMPORTANTASSUMPTIONSAREINVALIDANEWSIMPLEMODELFORREPRESENTINGBUILDINGSISPRESENTEDTOALLOWADESIGNERTOMAKEREALISTICSIMPLIFICATIONSTOABUILDINGSYSTEMTHATISCONSISTENTWITHMAJORFEATURESOFTHESTRUCTURESOTHATTHERESPONSETOGROUNDMOVEMENTSCANBEADEQUATELYREPRESENTEDTHISMODELASSUMESTHATTHEFLOORSRESTRAINBENDINGDEFORMATIONSANDTHEWALL,WHETHERLOADBEARINGORINFILLBETWEENCOLUMNS,RESISTSHEARDEFORMATIONSTHEPROPOSEDMODELISSHOWNTOADEQUATELYREPRESENTTHERESPONSEOFATHREESTORYFRAMEDSTRUCTUREWHICHWASAFFECTEDBYANADJACENTDEEPEXCAVATIONTHEPROPOSEDMODELREPRESENTSAREASONABLECOMPROMISEBETWEENOVERLYSIMPLISTICEMPIRICALMETHODSANDCOMPLEX,BURDENSOMEDETAILEDANALYSESKEYWORDSEXCAVATIONDAMAGEASSESSMENTSOILSTRUCTURUINTERACTIONBUILDINGSTIFFNESSGROUNDMOTIONURBANAREASINTRODUCTIONDAMAGETOBUILDINGSADJACENTTOEXCAVATIONSCANBEAMAJORDESIGNCONSIDERATIONWHENFACILITIESINCONGESTEDURBANAREASASNEWBUILDINGSARECONSTRUCTED,THEEXCAVATIONSREQUIREDFORBASEMENTSAFFECTNEARBYEXISTINGBUILDINGS,ESPECIALLYTHOSEFOUNDEDONSHADOWFOUNDATIONSOFTENEXCAVATIONSUPPORTSYSTEMDESIGNMUSTPREVENTANYDAMAGETOADJACENTSTRUCTUREORBALANCETHECOSTOFASTIFFERSYSTEMWITHTHECOSTOFREPAIRINGDAMAGETOTHEAFFECTEDSTRUCTURESINEITHERCASE,ITISNECESSARYTOPREDICTTHELEVELOFGROUNDMOVEMENTSTHATWILLINDUCEDAMAGETOASTRUCTUREPRACTICALLYSPEAKING,ADESIGNERISATTEMPTINGTOLIMIT/PREVENTDAMAGETOTHEARCHITECTURALDETAILSOFABUILDING,WHICHOCCURSPRIORTOSTRUCTURALDAMAGEANUMBEROFMETHODSFOUNDINLITERATURERELATEBUILDINGDAMAGETOASSOCIATEDGROUNDMOVEMENTSSEVERALOFTHESEMETHODSAREBASEDONMOVEMENTSCAUSEDBYSETTLEMENTSOFASTRUCTUREDUETOITSOWEWEIGHT,ANDDONOTCONSIDERTHEDEFORMATIONSTHATMAYOCCURASARESULTOFANEARBYEXCAVATIONOTHERMETHODSDOATTEMPTTOACCOUNTFORTHEADDITIONALMODESOFDEFORMATION,BUTARELIMITEDINTHEIRABILITYTOADEQUATELYREPRESENTTHEAFFECTEDSTRUCTURETHEPURPOSEOFTHISPAPERISTOPRESENTALAMINATEBEAMMETHODOFEVALUATINGPOTENTIALBUILDINGDAMAGEDUETOEXCAVATIONINDUCEDGROUNDMOVEMENTSTHISMETHODAVOIDSOVERSIMPLIFICATIONCOMMONINCURRENTEMPIRICALMETHODS,YETISNOTASCOMPUTATIONALLYBURDENSOMEASADETAILEDFINITEELEMENTANALYSISPUBLISHEDCRITERIAAPPLICABLETOEXCAVATIONINDUCEDBUILDINGDAMAGEAREREVIEWEDANDCOMPAREDTOTHELAMINATEBEAMMETHODINADDITION,ASSESSMENTSOFDAMAGEPOTENTIALASDETERMINEDBYBOTHTHEEXISTINGANDPROPOSEMETHODSARECOMPARETODETAILEDRECORDSOFDAMAGETOATHREESTORYFRAMEDSTRUCTURECRITERIATOEVALUATEEXCAVATIONINDUCEDDAMAGESELECTEDCRITERIATHATAREAPPLICABLETOEVALUATEEXCAVATIONINDUCEDDAMAGEARESUMMARIZEDINTABLE1,WHEREINTHERELEVANTPARAMETERANDITSLIMITINGVALUEISSHOWNNOTETHATTHEPARAMETERUSEDTORELATESTRUCTURALMOVEMENTSATTHEFOUNDATIONLEVELTODAMAGEDEPENDSONTHEMETHODDEEPBEAMMETHODSAREMOREGENERALTHANEMPIRICALMETHODSWHICHWERELIMITEDTODAMAGEOFSTRUCTUREBASEDONSETTLEMENTSARISINGFROMTHEWEIGHTOFTHESTRUCTURETENSILESTRAINSERVEDASTHELIMITINGCRITERIONFORVISIBLECRACKDEVELOPMENTWHENUSEDWITHANELASTICANALYSISOFTHEBUILDINGTHEYSUGGESTEDTHATFORSAGGINGTYPEDEFORMATIONS,THENEUTRALAXISISLOCATEDATTHEMIDDLEOFBEAMFORHOGGINGTYPETODEFORMATIONS,THEFOUNDATIONANDSOILPROVIDESIGNIFICANRESTRAINTTODEFORMATIONTHEREARERESULTSALSOSHOWTHATTHELIMITINGDEFLECTIONRATIOTHATCAUSESCRACKSVARIESOVERWIDELIMITS,IMPLYINGTHATSTRUCTURALDETAILSMUSTBECONSIDEREDWHENESTABLISHCRITERIAHOWEVER,ITISDIFFICULTTOPROVIDEGUIDANCEONTHESELECTIONOFTHEBEAMCHARACTERISTICPARAMETEREIGANDTHENEUTRALAXISLOCATION,ESPECIALLYWHENDEVELOPINGADEEPBEAMMODELFORAMULTISTORYSTRUCTUREBOSCARDINANDCORDING1989EXTENDEDTHISDEEPBEAMMODELTOINCLUDEHORIZONTALEXTENSIONSTRAINSH,CAUSEDBYLATERALGROUNDMOVEMENTSINDUCEDBYADJACENTEXCAVATIONANDTUNNELINGACTIVITIESACHARTRELATING13ANDETOLEVELSOFDAMAGEWASDEVELOPEDFORBUILDINGWITHBRICK,LOADBEARINGWALLS,ANDANL/HRATIOOFIUNDERGOINGAHOGGINGDEFORMATIONWITHTHENEUTRALAXISATTHEBOTTOMDIRECTTRANSFEROFHORIZONTALGROUNDSTRAINTOTHESTRUCTUREISASSUMEDINTHISAPPROACHHOWEVER,WHENTHEGROUNDDISPLACESLATERALLY,RELATIVESLIPWILLOCCURATTHEFOUNDATIONLEVEL,ANDTHEHORIZONTALDISPLACEMENTINTHEBUILDINGWILLBELESSTHANTHATINTHEGROUNDTHUS,THISAPPROACHREPRESENTSANUPPERBOUNDOFTHEEFFECTSOFHORIZONTALGROUNDSTRAINMANYMODEMBUILDINGSAREELLREINFORCEDLATERALLYBYSTIFFFLOORSYSTEMS,WHICHESSENTIALLYELIMINATELATERALMOVEMENTSATTHEFOUNDATIONLEVELINPRESENCEOFLATERALGROUNDMOVEMENTSBOONEPRESENTEDAMOREDETAILEDAPPROACHTOEVALUATEBUILDINGDAMAGEDUETODIFFERENTIALGROUNDMOVEMENTSCAUSEDBYADJACENTCONSTRUCTIONTHISMETHODCONSIDERSSTRUCTUREGEOMETRYANDDESIGN,STRAINSUPERPOSITION,ANDCRITICALSTRAINSOFBUILDINGMATERIALSLOADBEARINGWALLSAREMODELEDASUNIFORMLYLOADED,SIMPLESUPPORTEDBEAMSDAMAGETOFRAMEBUILDINGSISASSUMEDTOOCCURFROMDIFFERENTIALVERTICALMOVEMENTSOFCOLUMNS,DEPENDINGONTHECOLUMNSTILTANDDEGREEOFFIXITYDAMAGETOTHRILLWALLSISPRESUMEDTOOCCURASARESULTOFTHEDEFORMEDSHAPEOFTHESURROUNDINGBEAMSANDCOLUMNSIFASTRUCTUREISSUBJECTEDTOHORIZONTALEXTENSION,THENTHESESTRAINSARESUPERPOSESONTHEONESCAUSEDBYBENDINGANDSHEARNOTETHATPROPERAPPLICATIONOFANYOFTHESEMETHODSREQUIRESANACCURATEPREDICTIONOFTHEMAGNITUDEANDDISTRIBUTIONOFGROUNDMOVEMENTSADJACENTTOANEXCAVATIONHSIEHANDOU1998DEVELOPEDASEMIEMPIRICALMETHODTOPREDICTTHEDISTRIBUTIONOFGROUNDMOVEMENTSINADIRECTIONPERPENDICULARTOANEXCAVATIONWALLWHILEFINITEELEMENTMETHODSALSOCANBEUSEDTOCOMPUTETHEDESIREDSETTLEMENTS,CONVENTIONALPLANESTRAINANALYSESWITHCOMMONLYUSEDCONSTITUTIVEMODELSGENERALLYUNDERPREDICTTHESETTLEMENTSCLOSETOANEXCAVATIONANDOVERPREDICTTHEMATLARGERDISTANCESTHISRESULTSINANUNCONSERVATIVEPREDICTIONOFTHEPROPERDISTRIBUTIONOFGROUNDSURFACESETTLEMENTSISONLYPOSSIBLEIFACONSTITUTIVEMODELTHATACCOUNTSFORSTRAINDEPENDENTMODULUSISINCORPORATEDINTHEANALYSISFURTHERMORE,WHILETHESEAPPROACHESCONSIDERDISTRESSPERPENDICULARTOASUPPORTEDEXCAVATION,SIGNIFICANTDISTORTIONSMAYDEVELOPPARALLELTOANEXCAVATION,ANDTHESESHOULDBECONSIDEREDASWELLPROPEREVALUATIONOFTHEEXPECTEDDEFORMATIONSISANIMPORTANTSTEPINANYPROCEDUREUSEDTOESTIMATEDAMAGE,BUTISBEYONDTHESCOPEOFTHISPAPERPROPOSEDMETHODFOLLOWINGTHEAPPROACHOFBURLANDAND1975,CRITERIARELATEDTOVISIBLECRACKINGWILLBEDEVELOPEDHEREINTHEYMODELEDABUILDINGASARECTANGULARBEAMWITHUNITTHICKNESS,IMPLICITLYASSUMINGACONSTANTVALUEOFI/AOFORTHEBUILDINGMODEMBUILDINGSAREOFTENDESIGNEDWITHFLOORANDROOFDIAPHRAGMSTOEFFICIENTLYDISTRIBUTESHEARDUETOLATERALLOADINGTHESEDIAPHRAGMSARECONCRETESLABSOROTHERTYPEOFFLOORSYSTEMSTHATAREFAIRLYINEXTENSIBLEINTENSION,ANDAREOFTENCONSIDEREDRIGIDFORDESIGNPURPOSESTHESHEARFROMLATERALLOADSPASSESINTOTHEDIAPHRAGMS,WHICHTRANSFERTHISSHEARTOWAILSINDIFFERENTMAGNITUDESDEPENDINGONTHEIRINPLANESTIFFNESSEVENINBUILDINGSTHATARENOTSPECIFICALLYDESIGNEDWITHFLOORANDROOFDIAPHRAGMS,THELARGEAREAOFTHEFLOORSPROVIDESASIGNIFICANTDEGREEOFRESTRAINTTOINPLANEDEFORMATIONSANDTHUSTOBENDINGDEFORMATIONSTHISISTRUEFORBOTHFRAMEDSTRUCTURESANDLOADBEARINGWALLSTRUCTURESPROVIDEDTHEREISSOMEMODEOFSHEARTRANSFERFROMTHEROOFANDFLOORSTOTHEWALLSTOACCOUNTFORTHESEOBSERVATIONS,ALAMINATEBEAMISPROPOSEDTOMODELTHERESPONSEOFABUILDINGTOIMPOSEDDEFORMATIONSITISASSUMEDHEREINTHATTHEFLOORSOFFERRESTRAINTTOBENDINGDEFORMATIONS,ANDTHEWALL,WHETHERLOADBEARINGORINFILLBETWEENCOLUMNS,OFFERRESTRAINTTOSHEARDEFORMATIONSDEVIATIONSFROMSIMPLESUPPORTEDBEAMASSUMPTIONINCASESWHERETHEBUILDINGSETTLESUNDERITSOWNWEIGHT,THEASSUMPTIONOFASIMPLYSUPPORTEDBEAMISUSUALLYADEQUATEHOWEVER,WHENEXCAVATIONINDUCESETTLEMENTSARECONSIDERED,DIFFERENTSHAPESOFTHESETTLEMENTPROFILEMAYDEVELOPINCASESWHERETHEBUILDINGISNOTVERYLONG,ASIMPLYSUPPORTEDBEAMISANADEQUATEASSUMPTIONTHEREWILLBEASINGLEMODEOFDEFORMATIONINTHEBUILDING,THERIGIDBODYROTATIONWILLBEEQUALTOTHESLOPESUPPORTSCANBEASSUMEDALTERNATIVELY,IFABUILDINGUNDERGOESBOTHSAGGINGANDHOGGINGMODESOFDEFORMATION,THESIMPLYSUPPORTEDBEAMASSUMPTIONSAREINVALIDBECAUSESUCHAMODELREQUIRESTHATTHERIGIDBODYROTATIONBEEQUALTOTHESLOPEOFEACHSIMPLYSUPPORTEDBEAMIE,MFOREACHDEFORMATIONMODEFORTHISTOBETRUETHEREMUSTBEADISCONTINUITYINTHEBEAMATTHEINFLECTIONPOINTSOTHATEACHPORTIONACTSINDEPENDENTLYASASIMPLYSUPPORTEDBEAMTHISGENERALLYISNOTTHECASE,ANDTHEDISCREPANCYRESULTSINADDITIONALSHEARINGSTRAINS,ADD,EQUALTOTHESLOPEMINUSTHERIGIDBODYROTATIONADDMTHESIGNOFADDISIMPORTANTWHENCONSIDERINGWHERETHEADDITIONALSHEARSTRAINISADDEDTOTHESHEARSTRAINDUETOTHESIMPLYSUPPORTEDBEAMASSUMPTIONTHEABSOUOLUTEVALUEOFADDISEMPLOPYEDTOFINDTHEMAXIMUMSHEARSTRAININTHEBEAMWHENASSESSINGTHEPOSSIBILITYOFCRACKSINACASEWHERETHEDEFORMATIONAFFECTSONLYASMALLPORTIONOFABUILDING,THEBUILDINGMAYACTLIKEACANTILEVERBEAM,ESPECIALLYIFITHASADIAPHRAGMSYSTEMINTHISCASEESQ1215ARENOTSUFFICIENTTODESCRIBETHEACTIONSOFTHEBUILDINGACANTILEVERLOADCONDITIONMUSTBEUSEDINTHECOMPLEMENTARYVERTICALDEFLECTIONSTOCAUSECRACKINGNOTETHATWHENTHECRITICALBENDINGSTRAINISEXCEEDED,CRACKSMAYNOTOCCURINTHEFLOORORROOFSLABSSINCEITWASASSUMEDTHATALLBENDINGISRESISTEDBYTHEROOFANDFLOORSYSTEMSRATHER,THISCRACKINGMAYBEMANIFESTEDASVERTICALCRACKSATJUNCTIONSWITHCOLUMNSOROUTOFPLANEWALLSBECAUSEASTHEFLOORSAREEXTENDED,THEWALLSWILLEXTENDWITHTHEMADDITIONALRESISTANCEPROVIDEDBYTHEWALLSATTHISSTAGEWILLBENEGLIGIBLESINCEITISASSUMEDTHATTHEFLOORSAREMUCHSTIFFERINTHELATERALDIRECTIONTHANTHEWALLSALSO,THECRITICALTENSILESTRAINTOCAUSECRACKINGINTHEFLOORSUSUALLYISGREATERTHANTHATFORINFILLWALLSFURTHERMORE,THECONNECTIONOFINFILLWAILSTOTHEFRAMINGHASLITTLERESISTANCETOTENSIONWHENTHEBENDINGSTRAINREACHESTHECRITICALVALUEOFTHISCONNECTION,GAPSWILLDEVELOPBETWEENTHEWALLSANDFRAMINGMEMBERSCAUSINGCRACKSATTHESEJOINTSTHUS,CRITICALTENSILESTRAINCANBEUSEDTOEVALUATECRACKINGINTHEFLOORSANDSEPARATIONATTHEJUNCTIONOFWALLSANDCOLUMNSIFTHEAPPROPRIATECRITICALSTRAINISUSEDNOTETHATVERTICALCRACKSATCOLUMNSCANALSOBECAUSEDBYSHEARDEFORMATION,ANDTHUSSHOULDNOTBEASSUMEDTOBECAUSEDSOLELYBYBENDINGDEFORMATIONSSUMMARYTHEFOLLOWINGPROCEDURETOEVALUATEDAMAGEPOTENTIALINBUILDINGSAFFECTEDBYGROUNDMOVEMENTSRESULTINGFROMDEEPEXCAVATIONS,APPLICABLETOHORIZONTALLYSTIFFOROTHERSTRUCTURESWHEREINLATERALGROUNDMOVEMENTSINDUCEDBYEXCAVATIONSDONOTINDUCELATERALMOVEMENTSINTHEBUILDING,CANBESUMMAR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