名词性从句讲解及专项练习(最全面详细逻辑清楚的整合!

名词性从句在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一、名词性从句主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。因此，这四种从句统称为名词性从句。1主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词THAT，WHETHER，IF和连接代词WHAT，WHO，WHICH，WHATEVER，WHOEVER以及连接副词HOW，WHEN，WHERE，WHY等词引导。THAT在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如WHATHEWANTSTOTELLUSISNOTCLEAR他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。ITISKNOWNTOUSHOWHEBECAMEAWRITER我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。WHERETHEENGLISHEVENINGWILLBEHELDHASNOTYETBEENANNOUNCED英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语IT代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下（1）ITBE名词APITY/PLEASURE/SHAME/GOODIDEA/NOWONDERTHAT从句ITSAGREATPITYTHATTHEYDIDNTGETMARRIED（2）ITBE形容词NECESSARY,/STRANGE/CLEAR/CERTAIN/LIKELY/RIGHT/WRONG/SURPRISING/TRUETHAT从句ITSSTRANGETHATTHEREARENOLIGHTSON（3）ITBE动词的过去分词SAID/TOLD/KNOWN/REPORTED/SUGGESTED/BELIEVED/HOPED/THOUGHTTHAT从句ITISREQUIREDTHATALLMEMBERSBEPRESENT（4）IT不及物动词SEEMS/APPEARS/HAPPENSTHAT从句ITSEEMSTHATHEKNOWSTHEWHOLESTORY另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“SHOULDDO”，常用的句型有ITISNECESSARYIMPORTANT,NATURAL,STRANGE,ETCTHATITISAPITYASHAME,NOWONDER,ETCTHATITISSUGGESTEDREQUESTED,PROPOSED,DESIRED,ETCTHAT2宾语从句名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以及物动词或介词的宾语。某些结构中可用IT作形式宾语1动词如MAKE,FIND,THINK,FEEL,CONSIDER,BELIEVE等后面有宾语补足语时，可用结构为VTIT宾语补足语ADJ/N宾语从句ITHINKITNECESSARYTHATWETAKEPLENTYOFBOILEDWATEREVERYDAY2有些表示好恶的动词如LIKE,HATE,APPRECIATE,DISLIKE等带宾语从句时需要在宾语从句前加ITIHATEITWHENTHEYSPEAKWITHTHEIRMOUTHSFULLOFFOOD3THAT引导宾语从句时一般不能充当介词宾语，但可作IN,BUT,EXCEPT的宾语，其他介词后要用IT作形式宾语。YOURCOMPOSITIONISWELLWRITTENEXCEPTTHATTHEORGANIZATIONISABITLOOSEYOUCANDEPENDONITTHATHEWILLCOMETOOURAID3表语从句在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用ASIF引导。其基本结构为主语系动词THAT从句。例如THEFACTISTHATWEHAVELOSTTHEGAME事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。THATISWHYHEDIDNTCOMETOTHEMEETING那就是他为什么不到会的原因。ITLOOKSASIFITISGOINGTORAIN看上去天要下雨了。需要注意的，当主语是REASON时，表语从句要用THAT引导而不是BECAUSE。例如THEREASONWHYHEWASLATEWASTHATHEMISSEDTHETRAINBYONEMINUTETHISMORNING4同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由THAT引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有ADVICE、DEMAND、DOUBT、FACT、HOPE、IDEA、INFORMATION、MESSAGE、NEWS、ORDER、PROBLEM、PROMISE、QUESTION、REQUEST、SUGGESTION、TRUTH、WISH、WORD等。例如THENEWSTHATWEWONTHEGAMEISEXCITING我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。IHAVENOIDEAWHENHEWILLCOMEBACKHOME我不知道他什么时候回来。THETHOUGHTCAMETOHIMTHATMARYHADPROBABLYFALLENILL他想到可能玛丽生病了。二、引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类连接词THAT,WHETHER,IF,ASIF,ASTHOUGH连接代词WHAT,WHATEVER,WHO,WHOEVER,WHOM,WHOMEVER,WHOSE,WHICH,WHICHEVER连接副词WHEN,WHERE,HOW,WHY（1）由连接词THAT引导的名词性从句THAT引导主语从句1THAT引导主语从句时，THAT在从句中不充当成分，位于句首绝对不可省略，在口语中和非正式问题中后置时常可省略。EGTHATSHEGETSONWELLWITHHERCLASSMATESISKNOWNTOUSALLTHATHEWASCHOSENMADEUSVERYHAPPYITSAPITYTHATYOURELEAVINGTHAT引导宾语从句1THAT引导宾语从句时，THAT在从句中不充当成分，一般可以省略，但在以下几种情况下不能省略当THAT从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入语或者从句主语之间有插入语时,THAT不可省略。EGHEANNOUNCED,BELIEVEITORNOT,THATHEWOULDNEVERFORGIVEMEHEJUDGEDTHAT,BECAUSESHEWASAWOMAN,SHEDIDNOTUNDERSTANDWINE当THAT从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，THAT不可省略EGEVERYONECOULDSEEWHATWASHAPPENINGANDTHATSHEWASREALLYWORRIED当THAT作介词宾语时，THAT不能省略EGTHEREASONLIESINTHATHEWORKSHARDERTHANANYONEELSEDOES2为了句子结构匀称，有时IT被用作形式宾语，THAT引导的宾语从句被放在主句的后面EGTHEYMADEITARULETHATTHEYHADAPARTYATTHEENDOFEVERYMONTHITHINKITNECESSARYTHATYOUMASTERAFOREIGNLANGUAGETHAT引导表语从句THAT引导表语从句时，THAT在从句中不充当成分，但不可以省略EGTHEREASONWHYHEWASABSENTWASTHATHEWASBADLYILLTHEPROBLEMWITHTHEPROJECTISTHATWEARESHORTOFMONEYTHAT引导同位语从句1THAT引导同位语从句时，THAT在从句中不充当成分，但不可以省略EGIJUSTGOTWORDTHATHEISNOTCOMINGTHISEVENINGTHEREISNODOUBTTHATYOUAREINDANGER2为了句子结构匀称，有时同位语从句和它前面的名词会被谓语动词隔开EGTHEWHOLETRUTHCAMEOUTATLASTTHATHEWASAWOLFINSHEEPSCLOTHINGWORDCAMETHATANOTHERNEWRESEARCHCENTERWOULDSOONBESETUP练习1_FASHIONDIFFERSFROMCOUNTRYTOCOUNTRYMAYREFLECTTHECULTURALDIFFERENCESFROMONEASPECTAWHATBTHATCTHISDWHICH2_SHEWASINVITEDTOTHEBALLMADEHERVERYHAPPYAWHATBTHATCHOWDWHERE（二）WHETHER/IFA引导主语从句并在句首时用只用WHETHERWHETHERTHEREISLIFEONTHEMOONISANINTERESTINGQUESTION月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。B引导表语从句和同位语从句时只用WHETHERTHEPROBLEMISWHETHERTHEMEETINGWILLBEHELD表语从句IHAVENOIDEAWHETHERTHEMEETINGWILLBEHELD同位语从句C在介词后，只能用WHETHEREVERYTHINGDEPENDSONWHETHERWEHAVEENOUGHMONEY一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。HISFATHERISWORRIEDABOUTWHETHERHELOSEHISWORK他的父亲担心是否会失去工作。D在WHETHERORNOT的固定搭配中IWANTTOKNOWWHETHERITSGOODNEWSORNOT我想知道是否是好消息。IDONTCAREWHETHER/IFHECOMESORNOTIDONTCAREWHETHERORNOTHECOMESE在动词不定式之前只能用WHETHERICANTDECIDEWHETHERTOSTAY我不能决定是否留下。F用IF会引起歧义时，只用WHETHERCOULDYOUTELLMEIFYOUKNOWTHEANSWER这句话有两种意思“你能告诉我是否知道答案吗”或“如果你知道答案，请告诉我，好吗”。如用WHETHER可避免歧义。用WHETHER/IF填空1_WELLGOCAMPINGTOMORROWDEPENDSONTHEWEATHER2IAMNOTSURE_HEWILLCOMEHEREORNOT3THISDECISIONWILLHAVEANEFFECTON_ORNOTHEWILLSUCCEED（三）连接代词引导名词性从句的连接代词有WHO谁（主格），WHOM谁（宾格），WHOSE谁的（所有格），WHAT什么的东西，WHICH哪一个（些）（指人或物），WHATEVER无论什么，WHICHEVER无论哪一个，WHOEVER无论谁。关系代词在句中既起连接作用，同时又担当主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。例如WHOWILLPRESIDEATTHEMEETINGHASNOTBEENDECIDEDYET引导主语从句同时作从句的主语由谁主持回忆还没有决定。HEASKEDWHOMIBORROWEDTHEMONEYFROM引导宾语从句同时作从句的宾语他问我向谁借的钱。WHICHTEAMHASWONTHEGAMEISNOTKNOWNYET引导主语从句同时作从句的定语还不知道哪个队赢了这场比赛。THISISWHATHESAIDTOME引导表语从句同时作从句的宾语这就是他对我说的。（四）连接副词引导名词性从句的连接副词有WHENTHETIMEWHEN什么时候，何时WHERETHEPLACEWHERE什么地方，何地HOWTHEWAYINWHICH如何，怎样WHYTHEREASONWHY为什么这些连接副词起双重作用，在句中既是连接词，又作状语。例如WHENWECANBEGINTHEEXPEDITIONISSTILLAQUESTION（引导主语从句同时作从句的时间状语）我们何时才能开始这次考察仍然是个问题。WEDIDNTKNOWWHYSHEDIDNTCOME（引导宾语从句同时作从句的原因状语）我们不知道她为什么没来。易混淆知识点一、THAT引导同位语从句和THAT引导定语从句的区别THAT引导同位语从句时，只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何成分；THAT引导的同位语从句和它前面的名词之间是同位语关系，是具体说明前面名词的内容或含义的（同位语从句前面的名词常见的有NEWS,FACT,THOUGHT,SUGGESTION,TRUTH,PLAN,BELIEF,DOUBT,INFORMATION,POSSIBILITY,WORD,IDEA,ORDER,HOPE,RESULT等。）THAT引导定语从句时，THAT在从句中作主语或宾语；THAT引导的定语从句和它前面的先行词之间是修饰与被修饰，限制与被限制的关系EGWEALLHEARDTHENEWSTHATOURTEAMWONTHEGAME同位语从句WEALLHEARDTHENEWSTHATWASBROADCASTONTHERADIO定语从句二、名词性从句的语序名词性从句用陈述句语序，不用疑问句语序。WHENWEWILLLEAVEHEREISUNCERTAINFATHERASKEDWHATWASWRONGWITHME三、WHO/WHOM与WHOEVER/WHOMEVER的区别WHO/WHOM意为“谁”，引导名词性从句带有疑问色彩。WHOEVER/WHOMEVER意为“任何人”，相当于ANYONEWHO/WHOM,没有疑问色彩。WHOWILLTAKETHEPOSITIONISUNDERDISCUSSION谁会担任这个职位还在讨论。WHOEVERTAKESTHEPOSITIONSHOULDBERESPONSIBLEFOROURCOMPANY任何担任这个职位的人都应该为我们公司负责。四、WHAT/WHATEVER与WHICH/WHICHEVER的区别WHAT/WHATEVER意为“什么/无论什么”，描述的事物在上下文中没有范围。WHICH/WHICHEVER意为“哪个/无论哪儿”，描述的事物在上下文中需有范围。TOBEHONEST,ICANHARDLYUNDERSTANDWHAT/WHATEVERYOUHAVESAID说实话，我几乎不明白你所说的任何话。HEREISTHEDRESSTHISISWHATIHAVEBEENDREAMINGOF这就是那条裙子，这是我一直梦想的东西。HEREAREMANYBEAUTIFULDRESSESIDONTKNOWWHICHILIKE这有很多漂亮裙子，我不知道我喜欢哪件。HEREAREMANYBEAUTIFULDRESSESYOUCANCHOOSEWHICHEVERYOULIKE这有很多漂亮裙子，你可以挑选任何你喜欢的。完成句子1HEWANTS_IHAVE我拥有的任何东西2_WANTSTOSEETHEFILM任何想看那部电影的人MAYGETATICKETFREE3CANISPEAKTO_任何负责的人OFINTERNATIONALSALES五、BECAUSE，WHY引导表语从句THATWASBECAUSEHEDIDNTWORKHARDENOUGH那是因为他没有足够努力地工作。THATWASWHYIASKEDFORTHREEDAYSLEAVE那就是为什么我请了三天假。注意BECAUSE引导表语从句时，主句主语不能是REASON或CAUSE。而SINCE，AS不能引导表语从句。名词性从句专项练习30题1HISSUCCESSWASBECAUSEOF_HEHADBEENWORKINGHARDATHATBTHEFACTWHICHCTHEFACTTHATDTHEFACT2“ISMARYFROMNEWYORKCITY”“IDONTKNOW_”AFROMWHATCITYDOESSHECOMEFROMBFROMWHATCITYSHECOMECWHATCITYDOESSHECOMEFROMDWHATCITYSHECOMESFROM3_MAKESMISTAKESMUSTCORRECTTHEMAWHATBTHATCWHOEVERDWHATEVER4THEREASONWHYIDIDNTGOTOSHANGHAIWAS_ANEWJOBABECAUSEIGOTBBECAUSEOFGETTINGCIGOTDTHATIGOT5ITWORRIEDHERABIT_HERHAIRWASTURNINGGREYAWHILEBTHATCIFDFOR6HENRYKILLEDTHEDOGILLASKHIMWHY_ADIDHEDOTHATBHEDIDTHATCHEDIDDHEHASDONESO7HAVEYOUSEENHENRYLATELYMYBOSSWANTSTOKNOW_AHOWHEISGETTINGALONGBHOWISHEGETTINGALONGCWHATHEISGETTINGALONGDWHATISHEGETTINGALONG8ITISGENERALLYCONSIDEREDUNWISETOGIVEACHILD_HEORSHEWANTSAHOWEVERBWHATEVERCWHICHEVERDWHENEVER9HEASKEDME_WITHMEAWHATISTHETROUBLEBWHATWRONGWASCWHATWASTHEMATTERDWHATTROUBLEITIS10IAMSURE_HESAIDISTRUEATHATBABOUTTHATCOFTHATDTHATWHAT11WHENANDWHYHECAMEHERE_YETAISNOTKNOWNBARENOTKNOWNCHASNOTKNOWNDHAVENOTBEE12IWONDERHOWMUCH_ADOESTHEWATCHCOSTBDIDTHEWATCHCOSTCTHEWATCHCOSTEDDTHEWATCHCOSTS13MARYIS_SOMEONEMIGHTRECOGNIZEHERAAFRAIDOFBAFRAIDABOUTCAFRAIDTHATDAFRAIDFOR14_ISNOREASONFORDISMISSINGHERABECAUSESHEWASAFEWMINUTESLATEBOWINGTOAFEWMINUTESLATECTHEFACTTHATSHEWASAFEWMINUTESLATEDBEINGAFEWMINUTESLATE15THEYCAMETOTHECONCLUSION_BYACOMPUTERATHATNOTALLTHINGSCANBEDONEBBECAUSEOFNOTALLTHINGSBEDONECBEINGNOTALLTHINGSCANBEDONEDBECAUSENOTALLTHINGSCANBEDONE16WHYTHEEXPLOSIONOCCURREDWAS_THELABORATORYATTENDANTHADBEENCARELESSAFORBBECAUSECSINCEDTHAT17IDONTDOUBT_HELLCOMEATHATBIFCWHATDWHETHER18“WHYDIDYOUGOTOTHEWRONGCLASS,MRWANG”“WELL,IFORGET_IWASSUPPOSEDTOGOTO”AWHICHTHEROOMBWHICHROOMCWHATWASTHEROOMDWHATROOMWASIT19OUTPUTISNOWSIXTIMES_ITWASBEFORELIBERATIONATHATBWHICHCWHATDOFWHICH20MARYHELENISAMEREWASHERWOMAN,YETSHESNOWBUYINGABIGHOUSECAROLYESBECAUSESHESALWAYSSAVED_AWHATLITTLESHEEARNSBHOWLITTLESHEEARNSCFORLITTLESHEEARNSDWITHLITTLESHEEARNS21_SURPRISEDMEMOSTWAS_SUCHALITTLEBOYOFSEVENCOULDPLAYTHEVIOLINSOWELLATHATWHATBWHATTHATCTHATWHICHDWHATWHICH22WEGAVEHIM_HELPWECOULDAWHIC