中英文翻译-起重机发展史、分类及前景

毕业设计中英文翻译CRANEHISTORY,CLASSIFICATIONANDPROSPECTS起重机发展史、分类及前景CONCEPTCRANECRANEISAKINDOFLIFTING,ISAFORLOOPINTERMITTENTMOTIONMACHINERYAWORKCYCLE,INCLUDINGEXTRACTPLANTEXTRACTTOTHEITEMSFROMTHEINSTITUTE,THENMOVETOTHEDESIGNATEDLOCATIONLOWEREDTHELEVELOFITEMSTHEN,THEREVERSEMOVEMENT,BACKTOEXTRACTDEVICEINSITUFORTHENEXTCYCLEUSUALLYBYTHECRANEHOISTINGMECHANISMTHEITEMSUPANDDOWNMOVEMENT,OPERATINGAGENCIESTHELIFTINGMOVEMENT,LUFFINGANDSLEWINGMECHANISMTHEARTICLESFORTHEHORIZONTALMOVEMENT,COUPLEDWITHTHEMETALBODYPOWERPLANT,CONTROLANDMANIPULATIONOFACOMBINATIONOFTHENECESSARYAUXILIARYEQUIPMENTTYPEINTHEBRIDGEUSEDINTHECONSTRUCTIONCRANE,ACCORDINGTOITSSTRUCTUREANDPROPERTIESOFDIFFERENTCANBEDIVIDEDINTOLIGHTANDSMALLLIFTINGEQUIPMENT,BRIDGETYPECRANEANDJIBTYPECRANETHREECATEGORIESSMALLSIZEDLIFTINGEQUIPMENTSUCHASJACK,GOURD,WINCHANDSOONSUCHASTHETYPEOFCRANEGIRDERBRIDGECRANES,GANTRYCRANESTYPEOFCRANEBOOM,SUCHASFIXEDSLEWINGCRANES,TOWERCRANE,CRANE,TIRES,CRAWLERCRANESWITHINACERTAINRANGETOENHANCETHEVERTICALANDHORIZONTALMULTIACTIONHEAVYLIFTINGCRANEALSOKNOWNASTHECRANEAREMATERIALHANDLINGMACHINERYCRANESWORKISCHARACTERIZEDBYINTERMITTENTEXERCISETODO,THATISEXPECTEDTOTAKEAWORKCYCLE,MIGRATION,UNLOADINGTHECORRESPONDINGBODYISALTERNATELYMOVESTHEWORKPROTOTYPECRANEANCIENTCHINESEIRRIGATIONOFFARMLANDISUSEDORANGEPROTOTYPETYPECRANESTHE14THCENTURY,WESTERNEUROPE,HUMANANDANIMALDRIVENEMERGENCEOFTHEROTATIONTYPECRANESEARLY19THCENTURY,THEREBRIDGECRANEIMPORTANTWEARPARTSSUCHASCRANESHAFTSPREADERANDOTHERGEARANDBEGANTOUSEMETALMATERIALS,ANDINTRODUCINGTHEHYDRAULICDRIVETHELATE19THCENTURY,GRADUALLYREPLACEDSTEAMDRIVENCRANECRANEWITHHYDRAULICDRIVE20THCENTURY,20S,THEELECTRICALINDUSTRYANDTHERAPIDINDUSTRIALDEVELOPMENTOFINTERNALCOMBUSTIONENGINES,TOMOTORORINTERNALCOMBUSTIONPOWERPLANTBASICALLYFORMEDOFVARIOUSCRANESCRANESINCLUDEHOISTINGMECHANISM,RUNINSTITUTIONS,LUFFING,SLEWINGMECHANISMANDMETALSTRUCTURECRANEHOISTINGMECHANISMISTHEBASICWORKINGBODYMOSTLYFORMEDBYTHEHANGINGSYSTEMANDWINCH,ALSOLIFTHEAVYOBJECTSTHROUGHTHEHYDRAULICSYSTEMOPERATINGAGENCIESTOADJUSTTHEVERTICALORHORIZONTALTRANSPORTHEAVYCRANESWORKINGPOSITION,GENERALLYBYTHEMOTOR,REDUCER,BRAKEANDWHEELCOMPONENTSLUFFINGJIBCRANEINONLYWITH,THEWHENLOOKEDUPANDBOOMAMPLITUDEANDBENTOVERWHENTHERATEINCREASES,POINTSAMPLITUDEBALANCEBOTHAMPLITUDEANDNONEQUILIBRIUMSLEWINGMECHANISMFORROTATINGTHEARM,BYTHEDRIVEANDTHEROTARYBEARINGDEVICECOMPOSITIONCRANEMETALSTRUCTUREISTHESKELETON,MAINBEARINGPARTSSUCHASBRIDGE,ARMANDTHEDOORFRAMESTRUCTUREORFORTHEBOXTRUSSSTRUCTURE,BUTALSOFORWEBSTRUCTURE,SOMEAREAVAILABLEASSUPPORTINGSTEELBEAMSCRANEACCORDINGTOTHESTRUCTUREOFTHEDIFFERENTCLASSIFICATIONCRANEBEAM1BEAMCRANEOVERARECTANGULARSPACEINITSOPERATIONS,USEDFORWORKSHOPS,WAREHOUSE,OPENYARDLOADINGANDUNLOADINGOFGOODS,ETC,ABEAMCRANE,CRANE,GANTRYCRANES,CRANE,CARRYINGBRIDGESBEAMCRANEBEAMCRANESINCLUDINGSINGLEGIRDEROVERHEADCRANEANDDOUBLEGIRDEROVERHEADCRANESINGLEGIRDEROVERHEADCRANEGIRDERBRIDGEOFTHEWORDTOUSEMORESTEELORSTEELTYPEANDSTEELCOMPOSITESECTIONCRABOFTENHANDCHAINHOIST,HOISTELECTRICHOISTORLIFTINGMECHANISMASASSEMBLEDPARTSSUPPORTEDBYBRIDGETYPEANDTHEHANGINGOFTWOTHEFORMERBRIDGECRANEBEAMALONGTHEORBITVEHICLESTHELATTERSUSPENSIONBRIDGEALONGTHEROOFOFTHEPLANTUNDERTHECRANETRACKSINGLEGIRDEROVERHEADCRANEPOINTSMANUALLY,ELECTRICTWOMANUALSINGLEGIRDEROVERHEADCRANEOPERATINGSPEEDOFTHELOWERBODY,STARTINGWEIGHTISALSOSMALLER,BUTTHEIRQUALITYISSMALL,FACILITATETHEORGANIZATIONOFPRODUCTION,LOWCOST,WHENTHEPOWERHANDLINGCAPACITYFORNONSMALL,SPEEDANDPRODUCTIVITYFORLESSDEMANDINGAPPLICATIONSMANUALSINGLEGIRDEROVERHEADCRANEWITHMANUALMONORAILCARASARUNNINGCAR,HANDPULLHOISTASTHELIFTINGBODYBRIDGEFROMTHEMAINBEAMANDSIDEBEAMSFORMEDGENERALLYUSETHESINGLEMAINBEAMIBEAM,ENDBEAMISBENTSHAPEWITHASTEELORWELDEDSTEELPLATEELECTRICSINGLEGIRDEROVERHEADCRANESPEED,HIGHERPRODUCTIVITYTHANMANUAL,FROMTHEWEIGHTASWELLELECTRICSINGLEGIRDEROVERHEADCRANEBYTHEBRIDGE,TRAVELINGMECHANISM,ELECTRICHOISTANDELECTRICALEQUIPMENTCOMPONENTSBRIDGECRANEOVERHEADBRIDGECRANEISABRIDGEINTHEORBITOFABRIDGECRANE,ALSOKNOWNASTHECRANETHEBRIDGECRANELAYALONGTHEELEVATEDTRACKINTHEVERTICALSIDESOFRUNSLIFTINGTROLLEYALONGTHETRACKLAIDONTHEBRIDGEONTHEHORIZONTALRUNTHESCOPEOFWORKCONSTITUTESARECTANGULAR,CANTAKEFULLADVANTAGEOFTHESPACEUNDERTHELIFTINGBRIDGEMATERIALSGROUNDEQUIPMENTISNOTHINDEREDBRIDGECRANEISWIDELYUSEDININDOORANDOUTDOORSTORAGE,PLANT,PIERANDOPENSTORAGEYARD,ETCOVERHEADCRANEBRIDGECRANECANBEDIVIDEDINTOORDINARY,SIMPLEBEAMBRIDGECRANEANDMETALLURGICALTHREESPECIALCRANEGENERALBRIDGECRANELIFTINGTROLLEYGENERALLY,BRIDGERUNINSTITUTIONS,BRIDGETHEMETALSTRUCTURESCRABANDTHEHOISTINGMECHANISM,CARRUNINSTITUTIONSANDSMALLFRAMEOFTHREEPARTSLIFTINGMECHANISMINCLUDINGMOTORS,BRAKES,REDUCER,REELSANDPULLEYSMOTORTHROUGHREDUCER,DRIVENDRUMROTATION,THEROPEAROUNDTHEDRUMORFROMTHEREELDOWN,TOLIFTHEAVYOBJECTSISSUPPORTINGFORSMALLFRAMEANDINSTALLATIONOFLIFTINGTHECARTORUNINSTITUTIONS,AGENCIESANDCHASSISCOMPONENTS,USUALLYWELDEDSTRUCTURE2CANTILEVERCRANEJIBCRANECANTILEVERCRANEWITHHIGHCOLUMN,WALL,THREEFORMSOFBALANCECRANEISACANTILEVERCRANECANTILEVERCOLUMNCANBEFIXEDAROUNDTHECOLUMNBASEFIXEDONTHEROTARY,COLUMNWITHTHETRANSFERORRIGIDCANTILEVER,TOGETHERWITHINTHEBASESUPPORTINTHEVERTICALCENTERLINEOFROTATIONRELATIVETOTHECOLUMNSANDCANTILEVERFORMEDBYTHECANTILEVERCRANEITAPPLIESFROMTHEWEIGHTOFSMALL,OPERATINGRANGEOFSERVICESTOROUNDORFANOFTHEOCCASIONGENERALLYUSEDFORMACHINETOOLSANDHANDLINGTHEWORKPIECECHUCKINGPILLARJIBCRANESTOUSEMOREELECTRICCHAINHOISTFORLIFTINGMECHANISMANDOPERATIONOFINSTITUTIONS,LESSUSEOFWIREROPEHOISTANDCHAINHOISTSROTATIONANDHORIZONTALMOVEMENTTOUSEMOREMANUALWORK,ONLYFROMTHEWEIGHTOFTHELARGERWHENUSINGELECTRICWALLCRANEISSECUREDTOTHEWALLONTHECANTILEVERCRANE,ORYOUCANALONGTHEWALLOROTHERSUPPORTSTRUCTUREONANELEVATEDTRACKRUNNINGONTHECANTILEVERCRANELINEWHERETHEWALLUSINGACRANETOSPANALARGERLARGEWORKSHOPBUILDINGHEIGHTORWAREHOUSE,CLOSETOTHEWALLNEARTHELIFTINGOPERATIONATTHEMOREFREQUENTTHEMOSTSUITABLEMULTIWALLLINEANDTHETOPOFTHECRANEORBRIDGECRANEBEAMWITHTHEUSEOFNEARTHEWALLATTHESERVICEINARECTANGULARSPACE,RESPONSIBLEFORTHELIFTINGOFLIGHTANDSMALLOBJECTS,LARGEBRIDGECRANEFROMTHEBEAMORCOMMITMENTBALANCECRANEBALANCEKNOWNASHOISTS,ITISTHEPRINCIPLEOFTHEUSEOFFOURBARLINKAGETOBALANCETHEWEIGHTLOADANDFORMABALANCEDSYSTEM,SPREADERUSINGAVARIETYOFFLEXIBLEANDCANEASILYLOADBEINGLIFTEDINTHETHREEDIMENSIONALSPACEBALANCECRANELIGHTWEIGHTANDFLEXIBLE,ISANIDEALLIFTINGSMALLITEMSOFLIFTINGEQUIPMENT,ISWIDELYUSEDINFACTORYFLOORMACHINELOADINGANDUNLOADING,PROCESSBETWEENAUTOMATICLINEPRODUCTIONLINEOFTHEWORKPIECE,SANDBOXLIFTING,PARTSASSEMBLY,ANDTHESTATION,TERMINALS,WAREHOUSEVARIOUSOCCASIONSCRANEORGANIZATIONSDRIVECANBEDIVIDEDINTOTWOMAINCATEGORIESONEFORFOCUSDRIVERTHATISDRIVENBYANELECTRICMOTORONBOTHSIDESOFTHEACTIVELONGWHEELSHAFTDRIVETHEOTHERFOREACHDRIVER,THATISACTIVEONBOTHSIDESOFEACHWHEELDRIVENBYANELECTRICMOTORINMOREFREQUENTUSEOFSMALLCRANEBRAKE,GEARANDMOTORCOMBINEDINTOONEOFTHE“TRIPLEPLAY“DRIVE,FROMTHEWEIGHTOFALARGEBRIDGECRANEFORTHEGENERALEASEOFINSTALLATIONANDADJUSTMENT,UNIVERSALCOUPLINGDRIVEISOFTENUSEDSTRUCTURECRANECRANERUNINSTITUTIONSGENERALLYTAKETHEINITIATIVEANDDRIVENBYFOURWHEELS,IFTHEEFFECTISVERYHEAVY,COMMONLYUSEDMETHODSTOINCREASETHEWHEELTOREDUCEWHEELPRESSUREWHENMORETHANFOURWHEELSWHENMUSTBEBALANCEDWITHARTICULATEDFRAMEDEVICETHECRANESLOADEVENLYDISTRIBUTEDTHROUGHOUTTHEWHEELBRIDGESMETALSTRUCTUREFROMTHEMAINBEAMANDSIDEBEAMSCOMPOSEDOFDIVIDEDINTOSINGLEANDDUALBEAMBRIDGEGIRDERBRIDGETYPESSINGLEGIRDERBRIDGEBYASINGLESPANBOTHSIDESOFTHEMAINBEAMANDINTHEENDBEAMCOMPOSITIONDOUBLEBEAMBRIDGECONSISTSOFTWOMAINBEAMSANDSIDEBEAMSFORMEDTHEMAINBEAMANDSIDEBEAMSRIGIDLYCONNECTEDENDBEAMATBOTHENDSWITHWHEELS,TOSUPPORTTHEELEVATEDBRIDGEINTHERUNNINGTHEMAINBEAMWELDEDTRACK,FORLIFTINGTHECARRUNNINGBRIDGEGIRDERTYPEOFSTRUCTUREMORETYPICALOFABOXSTRUCTURE,FOURTRUSSTRUSSSTRUCTUREANDFASTINGBOXSTRUCTURECANBEDIVIDEDINTOTWOTRACKBOXBEAMS,PARTIALDOUBLERAILBOXBEAM,PARTIALRAILBOX,SUCHASSEVERALSINGLEMAINBEAMDOUBLETRACKBOXBEAMISWIDELYUSEDASABASICFORMFROMTHEMAINBEAMONUNDERBOTHSIDESOFTHEVERTICALFLANGEANDWEBCOMPONENTS,CARRAILARRANGEDINTHECENTEROFTHEFLANGEONTHELINEITSSTRUCTUREISSIMPLE,THECONVENIENCE,SUITABLEFORMASSPRODUCTION,HOWEVER,LARGERSELFPARTIALDOUBLERAILBOXRAILBOXBEAMANDPARTIALCROSSSECTIONOFASINGLEMAINBEAMAREMADEONTHERANGINGFROMUNDERTHEFLANGEANDWEBTHICKNESSOFTHEMAINANDAUXILIARYCOMPONENTS,ARRANGEDINTHEMAINWEBOFRAILCARABOVECABINETSCANSAVESHORTSTIFFENERS,ONESIDERAILBOXISASINGLEMAINBEAMBOXGIRDERFLANGEWIDTHINSTEADOFTWOMAINBEAMS,WEIGHTLESSHOWEVER,MORECOMPLEXMANUFACTURINGFOURFROMTHEFOURTRUSSSTRUCTURETOFORMCLOSEDSPACEPLANETRUSSSTRUCTURETRUSSINTHEHORIZONTALSURFACEISPAVEDWALKWAYPANELS,LIGHTWEIGHT,STIFFNESS,BUTCOMPAREDWITHOTHERSTRUCTURES,SIZELARGE,CREATEMORECOMPLEXLOWERFATIGUESTRENGTH,HAVELESSPRODUCTIONPARTIALFASTINGTRUSSSTRUCTURESIMILARTOTHERAILBOXGIRDER,PLATEBYTHEFOURFORMACLOSEDSTRUCTURE,INADDITIONTOTHEMAINWEBISAREALBELLYSECTIONBEAMS,THETHEREMAININGTHREEPIECESOFSTEELPLATECUTINTOMANYWINDOWSINACCORDANCEWITHDESIGNREQUIREMENTS,THEFORMATIONOFANONFASTINGTRUSSDIAGONALS,INTHELAST,THESURFACEOFAHORIZONTALTRUSSWALKWAYLINEDWITHBOARDS,CRANEAGENCIESANDELECTRICALEQUIPMENTINSTALLEDINTHEBRIDGEHOUSE,LIGHTERWEIGHT,OVERALLSTIFFNESS,THISISAMOREWIDELYUSEDINCHINAASATYPEGENERALBRIDGECRANEMAINLYELECTRICALLYDRIVEN,CONTROLROOMISUSUALLYTHEDRIVER,THEREAREREMOTECONTROLFROMTHEWEIGHTOFUPTOFIVEHUNDREDTONS,SPANOFUPTO60METERSSIMPLEBEAMBRIDGECRANE,ALSOKNOWNASBEAMCRANES,THESTRUCTUREANDCOMPOSITIONSIMILARTOORDINARYBRIDGECRANE,STARTINGWEIGHT,SPANANDTHEPACEOFWORKARESMALLBRIDGEGIRDEROROTHERBEAMBYBEAMANDPLATESTEEL,CONSISTINGOFASIMPLEBEAM,HANDPULLORELECTRICHOISTASTHELIFTINGHOISTCOUPLEDWITHEASYTROLLEYCAR,THECARISGENERALLYIBEAMSBOTTOMFLANGEONTHERUNBRIDGECANBERUNALONGTHEELEVATEDTRACK,CANALSOBEELEVATEDALONGTHESUSPENSIONINTHEFOLLOWINGORBITTHISISCALLEDHANGINGBEAMCRANECRANESMETALLURGYCRANEINTHESTEELPRODUCTIONPROCESSTOPARTICIPATEINAPARTICULARPROCESSOPERATION,THEBASICSTRUCTUREANDGENERALOVERHEADCRANESIMILARTOTHEHOWEVER,LIFTINGASMALLCARISALSOEQUIPPEDWITHASPECIALWORKINGBODYORDEVICETHECRANESFEATUREISTHEUSEOFFREQUENTBADCONDITIONSHIGHLEVELWORKTHEREAREFIVETYPESSIMPLEBEAMBRIDGECRANETYPECASTINGCRANECASTINGCRANEFORLIFTINGHOTMETALINTOTHEMIXER,STEELMAKINGFURNACESANDTHEMOLTENSTEELINTOACONTINUOUSINGOTLIFTINGEQUIPMENTORINGOTMOLDSUSEDMASTERSHENGCARLIFTINGBARRELS,SHENG,DEPUTYCARTOFLIPBUCKETANDOTHERAUXILIARYWORKTONGSCRANEUSETONGSTOHEATINGOTVERTICALLYLIFTEDONTOASOAKINGPITFURNACE,ORPUTITOUTINTOTHECARSHIPPEDSPINDLESOFFINGOTCRANEINGOTFROMTHEINGOTMOLDUSEDINTHEEXTRUSIONFORCESMALLCAROFFTHETABLETSHAVEASPECIALDEVICE,WAYOFFTHEINGOTINGOTMOLDACCORDINGTOTHESHAPEOFTHESETSOMEOFFTHETABLETPRESSANDHOLDTHEINGOTRODCRANEYONGXIANG,INGOTMOLDWITHTONGSLIFTSOMEPRESSANDHOLDTHEINGOTMOLDWITHTONGS,INGOTWITHASMALLCLAMPLIFTCHARGINGCRANEADDEDTOTHECHARGEINTHEOPENHEARTHCOLUMNWITHTHEBOTTOMOFTHEMAINCARPICKROD,ANDTOSTIRITINTOTHEFURNACEHOPPERTHEMAINCOLUMNCANTURNAROUNDTHEVERTICALAXIS,PICKTHERODCANSWINGUPANDDOWNANDROTATINGVICECARHEATERSANDOTHERAUXILIARYOPERATIONSFORTHEREPAIRFORGEDCRANECOOPERATIONWITHTHEHYDRAULICPRESSFORFORGINGALARGEWORKPIECESPECIALHOOKTOHANGTHEMAINCARTURNEDFEEDER,TOSUPPORTANDFLIPTHEWORKPIECEVICECARTOLIFTTHEWORKPIECEGANTRYCRANESBRIDGESETTHELEVELOFSUPPORTLEGSFORMTWOGANTRYCRANESHAPEOFABRIDGETHECRANEONTHEGROUNDORBITMAINLYUSEDINOPENSTORAGEYARD,DOCK,POWERPLANTS,PORTSANDRAILWAYSTATIONSANDOTHERPLACESCARGOHANDLINGANDINSTALLATIONGANTRYCRANEHOISTINGMECHANISM,CARRUNINSTITUTIONSANDBRIDGESTRUCTURESBASICALLYTHESAMEWITHTHEBRIDGECRANETHESPAN,CRANEBODIESWEREDRIVENMOSTLYBYWAYOFTOPREVENTTHECRANEHAVESKEWINGINCREASEDRUNNINGRESISTANCEEVENACCIDENTSGANTRYCRANELIFTINGTROLLEYRUNNINGONTHEBRIDGE,SOMECRABISATYPECRANESBRIDGEONBOTHSIDESOFTHELEGSAREGENERALLYRIGIDLEGSSPANOFMORETHAN30METERS,SIDEOFTHERIGIDLEGSOFTEN,WHILETHEOTHERSIDEOFTHEBRIDGECONNECTIONTHROUGHTHEBALLJOINTSANDFLEXIBLELEGS,THEDOORFRAMETOBECOMESTATICALLYDETERMINATESYSTEM,THISPREVENTSTHEOUTERLATERALTHRUSTLOADSCAUSEDBYTHEADDITIONALSTRESSCANALSOCOMPENSATEFORTEMPERATUREDEFORMATIONOFVERTICALBRIDGEGANTRYCRANESWINDAREA,TOPREVENTTHEDECLINEINTHESTRONGWINDLINESOROVERTURNED,WITHWINDINSTRUMENTANDWITHTHEOPERATINGAGENCIESOFTHECRANERAILCLAMPINTERLOCKBOTHENDSOFBRIDGECANBENOCANTILEVERCANALSOBEONEENDORBOTHENDSOFTHECANTILEVERCANTILEVER,TOEXTENDTHEOPERATINGRANGEONEENDOFAHALFBRIDGELEGGANTRYCRANE,THEOTHERENDWITHOUTLEGS,RUNDIRECTLYONTHEHIGHBENCHGANTRYCRANESAREDIVIDEDINTO4TYPESGENERALGANTRYCRANETHEMOSTVERSATILECRANES,CANMOVEINTOAVARIETYOFITEMSANDBULKMATERIALS,FROMTHEWEIGHTOF100TONS,ASPANOF4TO35METERSCOMMONWITHTHEGANTRYCRANEGRABAHIGHLEVELWORKHYDROPOWERSTATIONGANTRYCRANEMAINLYUSEDFORLIFTINGANDOPENINGANDCLOSINGGATES,BUTALSOFORTHEINSTALLATION80TO500TONSLIFTINGCAPACITY,SMALLSPAN,8TO16METERSLOWERLIFTINGSPEEDFOR1TO5M/MINTHELIFTINGCRANES,THOUGHNOTALWAYS,BUTONCETHEWORKISVERYHEAVYUSE,SOTOIMPROVETHEAPPROPRIATELEVELSHIPBUILDINGGANTRYCRANEBERTHASSEMBLYFORTHEHULL,STANDINGWITHTWOCRABTHEREARETWOMAINHOOKONE,FLANGEOFTHEBRIDGEONTHEORBITANOTHERHASAMAINHOOKANDAVICEHOOK,INTHEBOTTOMFLANGEOFTHERAILBRIDGERUNTOFLIPANDHOISTINGALARGEHULLBLOCKSWEIGHTISGENERALLYFROM100TO1500TONSSPANOF185METERSLIFTINGSPEEDOF2TO15M/MIN,THEREARE0105M/MINMICROSPEEDCONTAINERGANTRYCRANEFORTHECONTAINERTERMINALTRAILERBRIDGETOQUAYCONTAINERCARRYINGCONTAINERSUNLOADEDFROMTHESHIPTRANSPORTEDTOTHEYARDORTHEREAR,BYTHESTACKINGCONTAINERGANTRYCRANELOADINGUPORDIRECTLYAWAY,YOUCANSPEEDUPTHEBRIDGEOROTHERCRANECONTAINERCARRYINGTURNOVERCANBESTACKEDHIGH3TO4LAYERS6ROWWIDECONTAINERYARD,GENERALTIRETYPE,ITALSOUSESRAILSTYLECONTAINERGANTRYCRANESANDCONTAINERCROSSCARCOMPARISONTHESPANANDHEIGHTOFDOORFRAMEONBOTHSIDESOFTHELARGERTOMEETTHETRANSPORTATIONNEEDSOFTHEPORT,THEHIGHERLEVELWORKCRANELIFTINGSPEEDOF8TO10M/MINACROSSTHESPANOFTHECONTAINERNEEDEDTODETERMINETHENUMBEROFROWS,MAXIMUMOF60METERSCORRESPONDINGTO20FEET,30FEET,40FEETLONGCONTAINERFROMTHEWEIGHTOFAPPROXIMATELY20TONS,25TONSAND30TONSCARRYINGBRIDGEINCREASETHESPANOFTHEDEVELOPMENTBYTHEGANTRYCRANEFROMABRIDGECRANE,ALSOKNOWNASTHELOADINGBRIDGEFOROPENSTORAGEYARD,PORTANDRAILWAYCARGOTERMINALSANDOTHERPLACESGENERALDELIVERYOFLARGEGANTRYCRANEBRIDGEANDASIMILARSTRUCTUREFEATURESAREMAINLYFORHANDLINGLARGEQUANTITIESOFBULKMATERIALSSPAN,GENERALLYMORETHAN30METERS,SOME170METERSJOBSFREQUENTLY,HIGHPRODUCTIVITY,GENERALLY500TO1,500TONS/WHENWORKINGSPEEDISHIGH,LIFTINGSPEEDOF60TO70M/POINTS,CARSPEEDIS100350M/POINTS,HIGHLEVELWORKRUNINSTITUTIONSONLYCARRYTHEBRIDGETOADJUSTTHEWORKINGPOSITION,NONWORKINSTITUTIONSWHENTHESPANISLARGE,THEBRIDGEOFTHEBRIDGECARRYINGONARIGIDSUPPORTLEGSANDAFLEXIBLESUPPORTLEGSBRIDGEWITHTWOLEGSCANBEBOLTEDCONNECTIONCONNECTIONWITHTHEFLEXIBLELEGSCANALSOBEBALLJOINTSORCOLUMNJOINTS,RELATIVETOTHEFLEXIBLELEGSCANHAVEARANGEOFSKEWBRIDGEFORMEDBYTHETRUSSGIRDERBRIDGE,CRABINITSWINDINGRODORBOTTOMCHORDOFTHETRACKSOMECARSWITHROTARYBOOM,THEEQUIVALENTOFARUNONTHEBRIDGETYPECRANESCONTAINERWHARFINTHEPORTCARRYINGTHEBRIDGEISRUNNING,ISASPECIALSTRUCTUREOFLARGECRANES,DEDICATEDTOTHESHIPSCONTAINERHANDLINGWORKBOTHSIDESOFTHEGENERALLYRIGIDLEGS,THEFORMATIONOFASOLIDDOORFRAME,BRIDGEBEARINGFUSEDWITHTHEDOORFRAMEONTHEUPPERFRAMEWITHACONTAINERSPREADERSEECROSSCARTHECARTORUNONTHEBRIDGELONGCANTILEVEREXTENDINGTOWARDTHESEAISUSUALLYTOPITCHINNONOPERATIONALSTATE,CANTILEVERCANBELIFTEDAT8085ELEVATIONDEPARTMENTTOCARRYOVERTHEBRIDGETOTHEHIGHESTPOINTONTHESHIPOPERATIONSCANTILEVERFLATALSOSOMECANTILEVERISFIXED2DOUBLEGIRDERBRIDGECRANEDOUBLEGIRDERBRIDGECRANEFROMTHESTRAIGHTTRACK,CRANEGIRDER,CRAB,POWERTRANSMISSIONSYSTEMSANDELECTRICALCONTROLSYSTEM,PARTICULARLYSUITEDTOLARGEHANGINGFROMTHEWEIGHTOFTHEPLANEANDLARGERANGEOFMATERIALHANDLING3TYPECRANESANDOVERINTHEROUNDGROUNDOPERATIONS,USEDFOROPENAIRLOADINGANDUNLOADINGANDINSTALLATION,ETC,ACRANE,FLOATINGCRANES,MASTCRANEWALLLINEOFCRANESANDDECKCRANES4TOWERCRANEGENERALLYUSEDINTHESITE,LIFTINGSUPPLIES5PORTALCRANEOH,GENERALLYUSEDFORTHEPORTINADDITION,CRANESCANALSODRIVE,TYPEOFWORK,MOBILITYANDUSEOFSUCHCLASSIFICATIONCRANEACCORDINGTOTHEDIFFERENTINSTALLATIONMETHODSCANBEDIVIDEDINTO1TRUCKCRANETRUCKCRANEWILLBEINSTALLEDINTHEGENERALORSPECIALCRANECHASSISOFLOWDISKPERFORMANCEISEQUIVALENTTOTHETOTALWEIGHTOFTHETRUCKTHESAMEVEHICLE,MEETTHETECHNICALREQUIREMENTSFORROADVEHICLES,THUSTHEVARIOUSTYPESOFROADPASSAGESUCHCRANESTYPICALLYAVAILABLEONOFFTHETWOCONTROLROOMS,OPERATIONSMUSTBEEXTENDEDLEGSTABLEWEIGHTRANGEFROMLARGE,FROM8TONSTO1,000TONS,AXLECHASSISNUMBERFROM2TO10ISTHELARGESTOUTPUT,THEMOSTWIDELYUSEDTYPEOFCRANE2TIRECRANELIFTINGPARTOFTHEPNEUMATICTIREINSTALLEDONASPECIALCRANECHASSISCOMBINEDWITHANENGINEONANDOFF,SPEEDISGENERALLYNOTMORETHAN30KM/H,VEHICLEWIDTHISWIDER,ITISNOTAPPROPRIATELONGDISTANCEDRIVINGONTHEHIGHWAYWITHNOLEGSANDHOISTS,TRAVELINGHOISTSFEATURESFORTHEFREIGHTYARD,TERMINALS,MOVEAWAYFROMTHESITEANDOTHERPLACESWITHLIMITEDLIFTINGOPERATION3OFFROADTIRECRANESARE70DEVELOPEDACRANE,ITSFUNCTIONANDTIREHOISTCRANESIMILARTOCANALSOBECARRIEDOUTWITHOUTLEGSANDHOISTS,TRAVELINGHOISTSTHEDIFFERENCEISTHECHASSISSTRUCTUREANDCHASSISBYTHEUNIQUESTRUCTUREBRINGSIMPROVEDDRIVINGPERFORMANCETHEENGINESAREMOUNTEDONTHECRANECHASSIS,THECHASSISHASTWOAXLESANDFOURLARGEDIAMETEROFFROADTIREPATTERNFOURWHEELSAREDRIVINGWHEELSANDSTEERINGWHEEL,WHENTHEMUDDYUNEVENTRANSFERSTATIONSITE,THEFOURWHEELSISTRANSMITTEDPOWER,THEFOURWHEELDRIVE,TOIMPROVETHROUGHTHEMUDDYGROUNDANDUNEVENROADABILITYWHENTHEFLATSURFACEMOVINGATARAPIDPACE,FRONTAXLEORREARAXLEWITHONLYTWOWHEELSDRIVENTOREDUCEENERGYCONSUMPTIONRANDOMFILEATTHECRANE,EXPRESSEDBY44WHEELDRIVE,42,SAIDFOURAXLESWITHTWOWHEELSINTHEWHEELTHEMODELFORSMALLVENUEWORKCANACHIEVEACONTINUOUSSTEPLESSVARIABLESPEED,RESISTANCEMUTATIONSINTHECASEOFTHEROADWILLNOTTURNOFFTHEENGINE,THUSAGREATCONVENIENCETOTHEDRIVERSOPERATIONTHEOFFROADTIRESCANBEAPERFORMANCEEXTENSIONOFTHECRANE,ANDPOWERFULANDFLEXIBLETIRECRANE4ALLTERRAINCRANEISANOFFROADCRANETRUCKCRANEANDBOTHTHECHARACTERISTICSOFHIGHPERFORMANCEPRODUCTSITCANNOTONLYTRANSFERASFASTASCRANES,LONGDISTANCETRAVEL,BUTALSOTOMEETINTHENARROWANDBUMPYORMUDDYFIELDONTHEWORKREQUEST,THEDRIVINGSPEED,MULTIBRIDGEDRIVERALLWHEELSTEERING,THREETURNAROUNDMODE,GROUNDCLEARANCELARGEHIGHCLIMBINGABILITY,NONEEDFORFEATURESSUCHASLIFTINGLEGS,ISAVERYPROMISINGPRODUCTBUTTHEPRICEISHIGHER,ONTHEUSEANDMAINTENANCEREQUIREAHIGHERLEVEL5CRANEASPECIFICTASKTOCOMPLETETHEDEVELOPMENTOFSPECIALCRANEFOREXAMPLETHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFTACTICALANDTECHNICALSAFEGUARDSTOMECHANIZEDUSE,OFFROADVEHICLESORARMOREDPERSONNELCARRIERSMOUNTEDONTHECRANEWHEELRESCUEVEHICLETODEALWITHROADTRAFFICACCIDENTSWRECKER,ETCFALLINTOTHISCATEGORYCRANEJOBTYPEREFERSTOHOWBUSYT