弟子规浅释+standards+for+students_168

弟子规浅释STANDARDSFORSTUDENTS孙果秀注释EXPLAINEDBYJENNIFERLIN弟子规系根据论语中的道理，从日常起居中订出切实可行的生活规范。本书采三字一句、两句一韵的形式编写，极适合儿童朗读背诵。而这些文浅义深的规范，亦可说是成人修身立德的指南。弟子规与三字经的中英版本，是万佛圣城育良小学学生必读的教材。该校义务老师孙果秀居士，引用许多有趣又发人深省的小故事，深入浅出地批注弟子规一书，并由金刚菩提海月刊英译刊出，使令中西方人士都有机会阅读，获益良多。“STANDARDSFORSTUDENTS“ISACOMPILATIONBASEDONCONFUCIANANALECTSITCONTAINSPRACTICALLIFESTYLERULESEXTRACTEDFROMDAILYLIFETHISBOOKUSESTHEFORMATOF“THREEWORDSFORONESENTENCE,TWOSENTENCESFORONERHYME,“THUSITISVERYSUITABLEFORCHILDRENTOREADANDRECITEBECAUSEOFTHESESIMPLE,YETTHOUGHTPROVOKINGEXAMPLES,ITISAGUIDELINEFORADULTSTOCULTIVATEANDSELFIMPROVEINTODAYSSOCIETYTHECHINESEANDENGLISHVERSIONSOF“STANDARDSFORSTUDENTS“ANDTHE“THREECHARACTERCLASSIC“AREREQUIREDREADINGMATERIALSFORSTUDENTSATGOODNESSINSTILLINGELEMENTARYSCHOOLINTHECITYOFTENTHOUSANDBUDDHAS,CAMANYINTERESTING,YETPROFOUNDSHORTSTORIESAREUSEDBYTHESCHOOLSVOLUNTEERTEACHER,JENNIFERLIN,TOANNOTATE“STANDARDSFORSTUDENTS“ANDITHASBEENTRANSLATEDINTOENGLISHINTHEVAJRABODHISEAMONTHLYJOURNALWEHOPEALLDISCIPLESANDSTUDENTSFROMTHEEASTANDWESTWILLHAVETHEOPPORTUNITYTOREADANDBENEFITFROMTHISBOOK第一章开宗明义章CHAPTER0NEREVEALINGTHEPRINCIPLEANDEXPLAININGTHEMEANING弟子规，圣人训。首孝悌，次谨信。泛爱众，而亲仁。有余力，则学文。弟子规，圣人训DIZIGUISHENGRENXUN弟弟年轻的学子子女规矩、标准品德特优的人在此指孔子训示、教训YOUNGSTUDENTS,YOUNGCHILDRENRULESORSTANDARDSTHOSEOFSUPERIORCHARACTER,HEREREFERRINGTOCONFUCIUSTEACHINGSORINSTRUCTIONS这套为人子弟的规矩，是根据古代圣人的遗言编成的。THERULESFORBEINGASTUDENTAREINSTRUCTIONSGIVENBYSAGES什么叫规矩规是画圆用的圆规，矩是画直线用的尺，没有圆规和尺做为工具，也就画不好直线，更画不成圆。所以凡是可以用来做依据和标准的，都叫规矩。这套规矩是依据什么来的呢是中国古代的孔圣人的理论。在论语学而篇的原文是这样的THISSETOFRULESFORYOUNGPEOPLEWASCOMPILEDFROMTHEINSTRUCTIONSGIVENBYTHEANCIENTSAGESWHATISMEANTBYRULESGUIJUGUIISACOMPASSUSEDFORDRAWINGCIRCLES,JUISARULERUSEDFORDRAWINGLINESWITHOUTTHETOOLSOFACOMPASSANDARULER,ITISNOTPOSSIBLETODRAWASTRAIGHTLINEORAPERFECTLYROUNDCIRCLETHEREFORE,ANYTHINGTHATCANSERVEASABASISORASTANDARDCANBECALLEDARULEGUIJUWHATISTHISSETOFRULESBASEDUPONITISBASEDUPONTHETEACHINGSOFTHEANCIENTCHINESESAGE,CONFUCIUSBOOKONEXUEEROFTHECONFUCIANANALECTSSAYS子曰弟子入则孝，出则弟，谨而信，泛爱众，而亲仁。行有余力，则以学文。THEMASTERSAID,“AYOUTH,WHENATHOME,SHOULDBEFILIAL,ANDABROAD,RESPECTFULTOHISELDERSHESHOULDBEEARNESTANDTRUTHFULHESHOULDBELOVINGTOWARDSALL,ANDDRAWNEARTOTHOSEWHOAREHUMANEWHENHEHASTIMEANDOPPORTUNITY,AFTERTHEPERFORMANCEOFTHESETHINGS,HESHOULDEMPLOYTHEMINTHESTUDYOFTHESIXARTS“我们当在下文中一并解释。圣人，不但是学问很好就够了，品德尤其重要。人若是聪明有学问，却没有道德，那么他的聪明和学问，就成了造恶的工具，如虎添翼。好像那老虎，本来就已够凶猛的了，再添上翅膀会飞了，岂不是更能来去自如，为所欲为了吗所以好的道德是远比丰富的学识、技能更要紧的，这也就是为什么在这个开宗明义章，要把道德放在学识和技术之前。因为圣人教化人，也是希望人人都能成为圣人，成为有品德的人。THISQUOTEWILLBEEXPLAINEDLATERONASAGESHENGRENNOTONLYHASGREATLEARNING,BUTHEALSOHASALOFTYCHARACTERIFAPERSONISINTELLIGENTANDLEARNEDBUTLACKSVIRTUE,THENHISINTELLIGENCEANDLEARNINGBECOMETOOLSFORCOMMITTINGEVILHEWOULDBELIKEATIGERWITHWINGSATIGERISALREADYFEARSOMETOBEGINWITH,BUTIFITHASWINGSANDISABLETOFLY,THENITWILLBEABLETOFLYFREELYANDDOWHATEVERITWANTSTHEREFORE,BEINGVIRTUOUSISFARMOREIMPORTANTTHANHAVINGGREATSCHOLARSHIPANDSKILLSTHATISWHY,INTHEINTRODUCTORYCHAPTER,ITISNECESSARYTOPLACEVIRTUEANDMORALITYBEFORESCHOLARSHIPANDSKILLSWHENSAGESTEACHANDTRANSFORMPEOPLE,THEYALSOHOPETHATEACHPERSONCANBECOMEASAGEANDAVIRTUOUSPERSON所谓众生皆有佛性，皆堪作佛、人皆可以为尧舜，佛THEREISASAYINGINBUDDHISM“ALLLIVINGBEINGSHAVETHEBUDDHANATUREANDCANBECOMEBUDDHAS“THEREISANOTHER是大智慧的人所成的，而这个大智慧是众生本具的，只是自己不知道，被无明障蔽了；现在我们只要能依教奉行，按照佛智慧的教导，就能够开发本有的智慧，也变得像佛一样有智慧，那就是成佛了而尧和舜，是古代两个有名的圣王，仁慈又孝顺，我们只要按照他们的标准去学习，去实行，我们也可以和他们一样有道德，这不就是成了圣人了吗所以孔子把这一套道德的标准流传下来。好让我们根据它来学习。SAYINGINCHINESE“ALLMENCANBECOMELIKEYAOANDSHUN“THEBUDDHAWASAPERSONOFGREATWISDOMWHOREALIZEDBUDDHAHOODTHISGREATWISDOMISINHERENTINALLLIVINGBEINGS,BUTWEDONTREALIZETHISBECAUSEWEARECOVEREDBYIGNORANCEIFWECANPUTTHEBUDDHASTEACHINGSOFWISDOMINTOPRACTICENOW,WEWILLDEVELOPOURINHERENTWISDOM,ANDWHENTHATWISDOMBECOMESTHESAMEASTHEBUDDHASWISDOM,WEWILLHAVEREALIZEDBUDDHAHOODYAOANDSHUNWERETWOFAMOUSSAGEKINGSINANCIENTCHINAWHOWEREKNOWNFORBEINGHUMANE,KIND,ANDFILIALIFWECOULDLEARNFROMTHEMANDFOLLOWTHEIRSTANDARDS,WECANALSOBECOMEASVIRTUOUSASTHEYWEREANDWONTTHATMAKEUSSAGESASWELLANDSOCONFUCIUSHANDEDDOWNTHESTANDARDSOFVIRTUE,GIVINGUSTHECHANCETOLEARNFROMTHEM孔子又是谁呢在中国他可真是无人不知、无人不晓的圣人，也是一个最伟大的教育家。他出身贫困父亲又早逝，自小跟着母亲做工，因此也学会了很多技能。他又十分好学，不管是生活上的或书本上的知识，他都十分勤勉地去学习实行，所以才能成就他伟大的人格，和无所不知、无所不能的丰富学识和技术。WHOWASCONFUCIUSHEWASASAGEWHOMEVERYONEINCHINAKNOWSHEWASALSOTHEGREATESTEDUCATORSINCEHEWASBORNINAPOORFAMILYANDHISFATHERDIEDWHENHEWASVERYYOUNG,HEALWAYSHELPEDHISMOTHERWITHTHECHORESANDLEARNEDVARIOUSSKILLSINTHEPROCESSMOREOVER,CONFUCIUSPURSUEDKNOWLEDGEWITHGREATDILIGENCEWHETHERITWASPRACTICALKNOWLEDGEFROMDAILYLIFEORKNOWLEDGEFOUNDINBOOKS,HEWOULDACTIVELYSTUDYANDSEEKTOPRACTICEWHATHELEARNEDINTHISWAYHEDEVELOPEDHISEXTRAORDINARYCHARACTERANDATTAINEDTHEWEALTHOFKNOWLEDGEANDSKILLSTHATENABLEDHIMTOACCOMPLISHANDBEFAMILIARWITHJUSTABOUTEVERYTHING他又不单自己好就好了，还愿意成就别人，所以他收了很多的学生，有教无类，一点也不去分别学生们的家庭背景、本身智力或能力，凡是愿意来学习的，只要按照礼节，准备一个小小的见师礼他没有不收的。CONFUCIUSWASNOTONLYCONCERNEDWITHSELFCULTIVATION,HEALSOWISHEDTOHELPOTHERSCULTIVATETHEIRCHARACTERTHATWASWHYHEACCEPTEDAGREATMANYSTUDENTSBASEDONTHEPRINCIPLETHAT“INEDUCATIONTHERESHOULDBENODISTINCTIONSOFCLASS“HENEVERINDULGEDINTHESLIGHTESTDISCRIMINATIONBASEDONTHEBACKGROUNDS,INTELLIGENCE,ORABILITIESOFHISSTUDENTSANYONEWHOWISHEDTOSTUDYWITHHIM,ASLONGASHEPREPAREDATOKENGIFTFORTHETEACHERACCORDINGLOETIQUETTE,WOULDBEACCEPTED他教化学生是因材施教，按照每个人根性的利钝，心量的大小及境遇的不同，而做深入浅出的不同教导；诲人不倦，从来也不感到厌倦、不耐烦，也不知道要休息。所以他的学生成材的很多，代代传衍下来，他的儒家思想，就成为中国文明的主流，因此后代的中国人就尊称他为至圣先师，说他是过去最伟大，最有品德的一位老师。HETAUGHTSTUDENTSACCORDINGTOTHEIRDISPOSITIONSBASEDONTHESHARPNESSOFTHEIRFACULTIESANDTHEMEASUREOFTHEIRMINDS,ASWELLASONTHEIRVARIOUSBACKGROUNDSANDSITUATIONS,HEWOULDGIVETHEMINDIVIDUALIZEDTEACHINGSTHATWEREEASYTOUNDERSTANDBUTCONTAINEDDEEPMEANINGHETAUGHTWITHOUTWEARINESSCONFUCIUSNEVERFELTTIRED,NEVERBECAMEIMPATIENT,ANDNEVERTHOUGHTABOUTTAKINGARESTTHEREFORE,MANYOFHISSTUDENTSBECAMECAPABLEANDPRODUCTIVEPEOPLE,ANDTHECONFUCIANSCHOOLOFTHOUGHTHASBEENHANDEDDOWNTHROUGHTHEGENERATIONS,BECOMINGTHEMAINSTREAMOFCHINESECIVILIZATIONLATERGENERATIONSHAVEHONOREDCONFUCIUSAS“THEGREATESTSAGEANDTEACHER,“MEANINGTHATHEWASTHEGREATESTANDMOSTVIRTUOUSTEACHEROFTHEPAST我们现在能读到弟子规，接NOWWEHAVETHECHANCETOSTUDYTHERULESFORBEINGASTUDENT受他的这种教育思想，也等于是他的学生一样的。所以我们要珍惜这种的机缘，好好地向这位老师学习怎么样成为一个圣人；而首先，我们要学习怎么样来锻炼自己的品德，充实自己的学识和技能。所以这一章叫开宗明义章，就是把所要强调的宗旨提示出来，把所需明白的道理讲明了它。ANDTOABSORBHISEDUCATIONALIDEALSTHISISEQUIVALENTTOBEINGSTUDENTSOFCONFUCIUSTHEREFORE,WESHOULDCHERISHTHISOPPORTUNITYTOLEARNFROMHIMHOWTOBECOMEASAGEFIRSTOFALL,WESHOULDLEARNHOWTODEVELOPOURVIRTUEANDHOWTOENRICHOURKNOWLEDGEANDSKILLSTHATISWHYTHEFIRSTCHAPTERISCALLED“REVEALINGTHEPRINCIPLEANDEXPLAININGTHEMEANING“ITBRINGSOUTTHEPRINCIPLETHATWENEEDTOEMPHASIZEANDEXPLAINSTHEREASONWHYWENEEDTOUNDERSTANDIT首孝悌，次谨信SHOUXIAOTICIJINXIN首先孝顺父母友爱兄弟姊妹其次谨慎信实FIRSTTOBEFILIALTOONESPARENTSFRATERNITYTOLOVEONESBROTHERSANDSISTERSNEXTTOBECAUTIOUSTOBETRUSTWORTHY首先要孝顺父母，尊敬兄长，其次要言行谨慎而有信用。OFALLRULES,THEFIRSTISRESPECT,FORYOURPARENTSANDALLOFYOURELDERS,LEARNTOBECAREFULANDTRUSTWORTHY首先要孝顺父母、尊敬兄长，其次要言行谨慎而有信用。在论语中说的是入则孝，出则弟，这个入是说在家里，出是指出门在外。弟呢，是悌的古字。本来讲的是做人家的弟弟，要友爱、恭敬哥哥；引申出来，就是要尊敬长辈。父母生养我们是十分辛劳的，中国的诗经里就有一首诗歌说父兮生我，母兮鞠我，拊我畜我、长我育我、顾我复我、出入腹我，欲报之德，昊天罔极。FIRSTOFALL,WESHOULDBEFILIALTOOURPARENTSANDRESPECTFULTOOURBROTHERS,SISTERS,ANDELDERSSECONDLY,WESHOULDBECAUTIOUSINOURSPEECHANDBEHAVIORANDBETRUSTWORTHYINTHECONFUCIANANALECTSITSAYS“ATHOMEONESHOULDBEFILIAL,ANDABROAD,RESPECTFULTOONESELDERS“THECHARACTERRU入“ENTER“MEANSATHOME,CHU出“GOOUT“MEANSGOINGOUT,AWAYFROMHOMETHECHARACTERTI弟“FRATERNITY“WASUSEDINANCIENTTIMESFORTHEMODERNCHARACTERTI悌ORIGINALLY,ITREFERREDTOTHEAFFECTIONANDRESPECTTHATAYOUNGERBROTHERSHOULDHAVEFORHISOLDERBROTHERTHEMEANINGISEXTENDEDTOINCLUDEBEINGRESPECTFULTOELDERSOURPARENTSSUFFERGREATHARDSHIPINBEARINGUSANDBRINGINGUSUPAPOEMINTHEBOOKOFODESOFCHINASAYSMYFATHERGAVEMELIFEMYMOTHERNOURISHEDME,SOOTHEDME,RAISEDME,HELPEDMEGROWUP,TAUGHTME,TOOKCAREOFME,LOOKEDAFTERMECONSTANTLY,ANDTOOKMEINHERARMSWHEREVERSHEWENTIWISHTOREPAYTHEIRKINDNESSBUTITISASHIGHASTHEHEAVENS父亲赋予了我们生命，母亲鞠养我们长大。这个鞠，有弯曲、捧持的意思，就像捧在手心上，寒了怕冻着，暖了怕化掉。把我们当心肝宝贝地护持着。拊是轻轻拍打抚摸的意思。小宝宝爱哭，妈妈就轻轻拍着他的背哄着他；小宝宝爱撒娇，妈妈就轻轻摸着他的头怜惜他，可真是极尽爱护之能事了畜是喂养。OURFATHERSGAVEUSLIFE,ANDOURMOTHERSNOURISHEDUSANDBROUGHTUSUPTHEWORDFOR“TONOURISH“HASTHEMEANINGOFBENDINGOVERANDPICKINGUPWITHBOTHHANDS,LIKEWHENOURPARENTSHOLDUSINTHEIRARMS,FEARINGTHATWEWILLFREEZEINTHECOLDORMELTINTHEHEATTHEYPROTECTANDCHERISHUSASTHEIRDEARESTTREASURES,ANDSOOTHEUSWITHGENTLECARESSESWHENABABYCRIES,HISMOTHERGENTLYPATSHIMONBACKANDCOAXESHIMINTOAGOODMOODWHENHESCRANKY,HISMOTHERTENDERLYSTROKESHISHEADANDPITIESHIMHOWOURPARENTSLOVEUSANDDOTHEIRBESTTOTAKECAREOFUSTHEYRAISEUSBYFEEDINGANDREARINGUS说到喂小宝宝，相信每位妈妈都有一本难言的苦经；但再苦，只要宝宝吃得健康，妈妈也都忘了长是念做长大的长，就是拉拔长大；育是教育这样子辛苦地养得大了，还要教育他们做人处世的道理。顾是回头看；复是再三再四地这一句是描述父母关心爱护之情，是永不疲倦松懈的。腹，就是抱在怀里；出出入入，就把个小不点揽在身上，也不怕行动不方便。啊就这么样把个小小生命带到大了EVERYMOTHERGOESTHROUGHUNBELIEVABLESUFFERINGINFEEDINGHERBABY,YETWHENSHESEESTHATBABYISNOURISHED,SHEFORGETSALLABOUTTHESUFFERINGAFTERUNDERGOINGMUCHHARDSHIPTOBRINGUPTHEIRCHILD,THEPARENTSMUSTSTILLEDUCATEHIMINTHEPRINCIPLESOFBEINGAPERSONANDHANDLINGMATTERSINTHEWORLD“TOOKCAREOFME,LOOKEDAFTERMECONSTANTLY“DESCRIBEHOWTENDERLYPARENTSCAREFORANDPROTECTTHEIRCHILDRENWITHOUTEVERBECOMINGWEARYORLAXTHEMOTHERTAKESHERCHILDINHERARMSWHEREVERSHEGOES,NOTMINDINGTHEINCONVENIENCEAHTHATISHOWPARENTSBRINGUPTHEIRCHILDREN这么多的心血，做子女的想要报答父母恩，就好比仰望着无垠无际的虚空，哪里有报答得完的时候呢报答不完，还是要尽力报，所以说首，首要的，像头之于人身那么要紧。而悌是孝道的延伸；父母生我们，每个子女对父母而言，都是像十根手指头一样；虽然指头有长有短，子女也有贤与不肖，却都是不可分割离弃的。因此友爱兄弟姊妹，才能安慰父母的心。THEENERGYANDKINDNESSTHATOURPARENTSHAVEDEVOTEDTOUSISASBOUNDLESSASEMPTYSPACEWHENCOULDWEEVERFINISHREPAYINGITWECOULDNEVERFINISH,BUTWEMUSTSTILLTRYOURBESTTHUSTHEVERSESAYSTHATOFALLRULES,FILIALPIETYISTHEFIRSTLITERALLY“HEAD“,WHICHMEANSTHEMOSTIMPORTANT,JUSTASTHEHEADISTHEMOSTIMPORTANTPARTOFTHEBODYFRATERNITYISANEXTENSIONOFFILIALPIETYOURPARENTSGAVEBIRTHTOUS,ANDSOWEARERELATEDTOOURPARENTSASTHETENFINGERSARERELATEDTOTHEHANDSALTHOUGHSOMEFINGERSARELONGANDOTHERSARESHORT,JUSTASSOMECHILDRENAREGOODANDOTHERSARENOT,THEYCANNOTSEPARATEFROMORABANDONEACHANOTHERTHUS,ONLYBYLOVINGANDCARINGFOROURBROTHERSANDSISTERSCANWESETOURPARENTSHEARTSATEASE而长辈呢，有的是长养我们的法身慧命的老师，有的是父母的亲友，所以我们恭敬师长，就等于恭敬父母一样。不但自身可以受到教益而成就，以荣显父母，更不致让人以为我们的父母不懂教养子女而遗羞父母。所以这两种美德都是最基本，最要紧的。OURELDERSINCLUDEOURTEACHERS,WHONURTUREOURDHARMABODYANDWISDOMLIFE,ASWELLASOURRELATIVESRESPECTINGOURTEACHERSANDELDERSISEQUIVALENTTORESPECTINGOUROWNPARENTSBYDOINGSO,NOTONLYDOWEGAINBENEFITOURSELVESANDBRINGHONORTOOURPARENTS,WEWONTDISGRACEOURPARENTSBYGIVINGOTHERSCAUSETOSAYTHATOURPARENTSDONTKNOWHOWTOTEACHTHEIRCHILDRENTHEREFORE,FILIALPIETYANDFRATERNITYARETHEMOSTBASICANDIMPORTANTVIRTUES其次呢，除了孝悌外，接下来要有的美德是谨慎和信实。因为一个人纵使对父母师长，有足够的孝心和恭敬心，假使做事莽莽撞撞，又不讲信用，不但做不好，还经常会惹出麻烦和祸端来，这也是不孝顺，不恭敬的。这是紧接着要具备的美德。AFTERFILIALPIETYANDFRATERNITY,THENEXTVIRTUESWESHOULDHAVEARECAUTIOUSNESSANDTRUSTWORTHINESSEVENIFAPERSONISSUFFICIENTLYFILIALTOHISPARENTSANDRESPECTFULTOHISELDERS,IFHEDOESTHINGSINARECKLESSMANNERANDFAILSTOBETRUSTWORTHY,NOTONLYWILLTHINGSGOWRONGFORHIM,BUTHEWILLBRINGTROUBLEANDDISASTERUPONHIMSELFTHATWOULDALSOBECONSIDEREDUNFILIALANDDISRESPECTFULTHEREFORE,CAUTIOUSNESSANDTRUSTWORTHINESSARETHENEXTVIRTUESWESHOULDPOSSESS泛爱众，而亲仁FANAIZHONGERQINGREN普遍地爱护众生而且亲近仁德的人UNIVERSALLYCHERISHLIVINGBEINGSANDDRAWNEARHUMANEANDVIRTUOUSONE要博爱众生，并且亲近仁者。BEFRIENDLYANDKINDTOALL,DRAWNEARTOPEOPLEWHOAREGOOD为什么要博爱众生自己管好不就够了俗语说上天有好生之德。我们自己想要活得好，却不教别人或其他生类也能活得好，这就是自私WHYSHOULDWECHERISHALLLIVINGBEINGSWHYNOTJUSTLOOKAFTEROURSELVESTHEREISASAYING“HEAVENHASTHEVIRTUEOFCHERISHINGLIFE“IFWETHINKONLYOFOUROWNWELLBEING,BUTFAILTOCONSIDERTHEWELLBEINGOFOTHERPEOPLEANDOTHERLIVINGBEINGS,THENWEAREBEINGSELFISH天道无私，这不是大自然的道理；大自然的道理是天生万物，都有其生存的权利，就连一株小花草，也要在寒天过后，挣扎出一朵灿烂的小花，荣耀自己的生命，我们怎忍得轻易摧折了它大家一起生存在天覆罩、地承运的同样空间里，便是百千劫修来的缘分；不能珍惜这际遇的缘分，却总要互相伤害侵凌，岂不是可惜又可叹谁都是人生父母养的，难道就只许我们有父母的爱护，且得以孝敬父母，却剥夺其他生类的这份权利“THEWAYOFHEAVENISUNSELFISH“NATUREALLOWSTHEMYRIADTHINGSTOGROWNATURALLYEACHHASITSRIGHTTOSURVIVEEVENASMALLPLANTWILLSTRUGGLETHROUGHTHEWINTERSOTHATITCANPRODUCEARESPLENDENTFLOWERINTHESPRINGHOWCOULDWEMERCILESSLYDESTROYITTHEAFFINITIESTHATHAVEBROUGHTUSTOGETHERHEREONTHISEARTHWEREDEVELOPEDTHROUGHHUNDREDSOFTHOUSANDSOFEONSISNTITAPITYTHATRATHERTHANCHERISHINGTHESEAFFINITIES,WEALWAYSWANTTOHURTANDHUMILIATEEACHOTHERINSTEADALLBEINGSWEREBORNFROMANDRAISEDBYTHEIRPARENTSAREWETHEONLYONESWHOGETTORECEIVEOURPARENTSLOVINGCAREANDTOSHOWRESPECTTOOURPARENTSCANWETAKEAWAYTHERIGHTOFOTHERBEINGSTODOTHESAMEFORTHEIRPARENTS所以孝悌谨信的私德具备了还不够，我们还得有公德心，慈爱施惠他人，并及于异类的众生，这便是仁民爱物。而为了避免自己不能诸恶莫作，众善奉行，我们还得时时亲近善知识，请他们教导我们行善，劝诫我们除恶。所以亲近仁者，是很必要的；而所谓亲近，是说不怕羞，不畏难；不管百里千里也要求去，不是坐在家中，等着善知识上门教你来的。THEREFORE,ITISNOTENOUGHTORESPECTOUROWNPARENTSANDELDERSANDTOBECAREFULANDTRUSTWORTHYINOUROWNCONDUCTWEMUSTALSOBEKINDANDFRIENDLYTOOTHERPEOPLEANDOTHERBEINGSTHATISTRUEHUMANENESSIFWEWISHTOREFRAINFROMALLEVILANDPRACTICEALLGOOD,WESHOULDCONSTANTLYDRAWNEARTOGOODTEACHERSANDASKTHEMTOTEACHUSHOWTOCONDUCTOURSELVESWELLANDTOGETRIDOFOURBADHABITSINDRAWINGNEARSUCHTEACHERS,WESHOULDNOTFEELSHYOREMBARRASSED,NORSHOULDWEFEARDIFFICULTYNOMATTERHOWFARWEHAVETOTRAVEL,WESHOULDSTILLDRAWNEARTOTHEM,NOTJUSTSITATHOMEANDWAITFORAGOODTEACHERTOSHOWUPANDTEACHUS有余力，则学文YOUYULIZEXUEWEN还有多余的心力那么、就学习学识文章HAVEEXTRASTRENGTHTHENSTUDYLEARNING假如以上都能努力去实行，还有更多的能力，就应该研究学问。WHATEVERTIMEYOUHAVELEFTSHOULDBEDEVOTEDTOLEARNING如果以上都能努力去实行，还有多余的时间和精力，那就应该学习更多的知识。IFWEDILIGENTLYCARRYOUTTHETHINGSMENTIONEDINTHELINESABOVEANDSTILLHAVESOMETIMEANDENERGYLEFTAFTERTHAT,THENWESHOULDSTUDYMORETOEXPANDOURKNOWLEDGE为什么呢前面说到，如果没有道德的基础，才智学识都反而成为作恶的工具；但是假如道德具备了，却没有其他的技能知识，也没有办法扩展我们的见地，并进一步地帮助开导别人。就好比一个天生纯洁的小婴孩，连站也不会站，更别说懂得做什么事了所以学文，是十分重要的。但是在学文之初，要先着重道德的修习，所以说有余力；就是在讲究道德之后，还要再研究学识。WHYISTHISASMENTIONEDBEFORE,IFWEPOSSESSTALENTANDKNOWLEDGEBUTLACKAFOUNDATIONINVIRTUE,THENOURTALENTWILLONLYSERVETOHELPUSDOEVILONTHEOTHERHAND,IFWEHAVEVIRTUEBUTLACKSKILLSANDKNOWLEDGE,THENWEWILLNOTBEABLETOTRANSMITOURUNDERSTANDINGORTOHELPANDTEACHOTHERSWEWILLBELIKEANEWBORNBABYWHOCANNOTEVENSTANDUP,MUCHLESSDOANYTHINGELSETHEREFORE,ITISIMPORTANTTOSTUDYHOWEVER,THECULTIVATIONOFVIRTUESHOULDCOMEEVENBEFORESTUDYINGTHATSWHYTHELINESAYS“WHATEVERTIMEYOUHAVELEFT“AFTERFIRSTCONCENTRATINGONTHECULTIVATIONOFVIRTUE,WESHOULDSPENDSOMETIMESTUDYING这个文字，在孔子的时代，指的是诗书六艺。也就是包括静态的书本知识，如六经诗、书、礼、乐、易、春秋；以及动态的技能训练，如六艺礼、乐、射、御、书、数。INCONFUCIUSTIME,THESCOPEOFLEARNINGINCLUDEDTHEBOOKOFODES,THEBOOKOFHISTORY,ANDTHESIXARTSITCOMPRISEDBOTHACADEMICKNOWLEDGE,SUCHASFROMTHESIXCLASSICSTHEBOOKOFODES,THEBOOKOFHISTORY,THEBOOKOFRITES,THEBOOKOFMUSIC,THEBOOKOFCHANGE,ANDTHESPRINGANDAUTUMNANNALSASWELLASPRACTICALSKILLS,SUCHASTHESIXARTSRITES,MUSIC,ARCHERY,CHARIOTEERING,WRITING,ANDARITHMETIC诗经是中国古代的一部诗歌总集，上自君王，乃至文人百官、贩夫走卒，都借着诗歌来传达他们的心意。赞叹功德的，既不流阿谀劝谏君王的，亦不显露骨悲叹命运的，也不至凄厉。因此，学诗足以陶冶人温柔忠厚的本性。THEBOOKOFODESISACOMPILATIONOFSONGSANDPOEMSFROMTHEKINGS,SCHOLARS,OFFICIALS,ANDCOMMONPEOPLEOFANCIENTCHINATHEYUSEDSONGSTOEXPRESSTHEIRTHOUGHTSANDFEELINGSTHEODESPRAISEDMERITWITHOUTFLATTERING,REMONSTRATEDWITHNEGLIGENTRULERSWITHOUTBEINGOVERLYHARSH,ANDLAMENTEDFATEWITHOUTBEINGEXCESSIVEIFWESTUDYTHEM,WECANDEVELOPAGENTLEANDHONESTNATURE书经是中国上古的历史书，读了可使人通达事理而有远见。乐经记载着音乐的道理，了解它，会令人知识广博而平易善良。易经虽是一本卜筮的记载，却穷究天四时之变化读通了它，人自然而然地敬天畏命，退而能守，进而能取了礼是研习待人处世的种种礼节，学习这门知识，能令人恭敬自重而俭约。春秋是孔子褒贬君臣大义的一部史书，我们可以自当中学到如何应对言谈。THEBOOKOFHISTORY,WHICHRECORDSTHEHISTORYOFCHINAINREMOTEANTIQUITY,CANGIVEUSAMORECOMPREHENSIVEUNDERSTANDINGOFTHEFACTSANDPRINCIPLESANDAMOREFARSIGHTEDVIEWIFWECANUNDERSTANDTHEPRINCIPLESOFMUSICTHEORYFOUNDINTHEBOOKOFMUSIC,ITWILLEXPANDOURLEARNINGANDMAKEUSMOREMELLOWANDEASYGOINGTHEBOOKOFCHANGE,WHILEUSEDFORDIVINATIONPURPOSES,ISACTUALLYANEXHAUSTIVEKEYTOTHECHANGESOFNATURETHROUGHTHEFOURSEASONSTHOROUGHSTUDYOFITWILLNATURALLYGIVEUSASENSEOFAWEFORTHEUNIVERSE,WEWILLKNOWWHENTORETREATANDGUARDOURPOSITION,ANDWHENTOFORGEAHEADTHEBOOKOFRITESETSFORTHINDETAILTHEVARIOUSRULESOFETIQUETTEFORINTERACTINGWITHOTHERSANDCONDUCTINGOURSELVESINTHEWORLDIFWELEARNTHESERULES,WEWILLGAINTHERESPECTOFOTHERS,HAVEMORESELFESTEEMANDBEMORETHRIFTYBYSTUDYINGTHESPRINGANDAUTUMNANNALSINWHICHCONFUCIUSPRAISEDANDDISPARAGEDTHEATTITUDEANDCONDUCTOFKINGSANDOFFICIALS,WECANLEARNTHEPROPERWAYTOSPEAKINAVARIETYOFSITUATIONS这六种的知识，陶冶我们六种不同的修养。而六艺呢那是六种的技能训练。学习礼节和音乐，有助于调和人庄严且和乐。射箭和驾御马车，是一种智巧和体力配合的最佳体能训练。书写，可以磨平人的锐傲气。算数，却可以锻炼人的敏捷度。这都是古代中国学生的必修课，包括了现代所说的德、智、体、群四育。所以古代的人，事实上是一点也不落伍的。THESTUDYOFTHESESIXCLASSICSCANREFINEOURCHARACTERINSIXDIFFERENTWAYSTHESIXARTSARESIXPRACTICALDISCIPLINESTHESTUDYOFRITESANDMUSICINSTILLSINUSASENSEOFDIGNITYANDHARMONYARCHERYANDCHARIOTEERINGAREEXCELLENTFORMSOFTRAININGTHATREQUIRETHECOMBINEDUSEOFWITANDPHYSICALSTRENGTHWRITING,ORCALLIGRAPHY,TEMPERSOURAGGRESSIVENESSANDARROGANCEARITHMETICSTRENGTHENSOURMENTALAGILITYTHESEWEREALLSUBJECTSTHATSTUDENTSINANCIENTCHINAWEREREQUIREDTOSTUDYTHEELEMENTSOFMORALEDUCATION,ACADEMICSTUDY,PHYSICALEDUCATION,ANDSOCIALTRAININGAREPRESENTINTHEMWECANSEETHAT,COMPAREDTOMODERNPEOPLE,THEANCIENTSWERENOTBEHINDATALL我们现代的学校教育有我们的学科，这里是说，在讲求道德之余，我们就该好好地把这些学科都研习了它，不可偏废。这样内在和外在兼而有之，才叫做文质彬彬。JUSTASTODAYSSCHOOLSHAVETHEIRCURRICULUM,HEREITSAYSTHATINWHATEVERTIMEWEHAVELEFTAFTERWEHAVEAPPLIEDEFFORTINCULTIVATINGVIRTUEWESHOULDDEVOTEOURSELVESTOSTUDYINGTHESESUBJECTSINTHATWAY,WEWILLHAVEBOTHINNERCULTIVATIONANDEXTERNALKNOWLEDGEANDSKILLSWEWILLHAVEBOTHELEGANCEANDSUBSTANCE孔子的学生中，有一个很出名的人物，谁呢他姓仲名由，字子路。子路为人孝勇信义，豪爽质朴，却也相当莽撞冒失。在拜孔子为师之前，他自恃勇猛，一向瞧不起那些口诵诗书，躬行揖让之礼的读书人，因此初次去见孔子，他就耀武扬威地闯了进去，帽插长长的山鸡毛，腰佩熊皮剑套的特长号宝剑，好不威风CONFUCIUSHADAWELLKNOWNSTUDENTNAMEDZHONGYOU,ALSOCALLEDZILUASAPERSON,ZILUWASFILIAL,BRAVE,TRUSTWORTHY,RIGHTEOUS,STRAIGHTFORWARD,ANDUNPRETENTIOUSBUTHEWASALSOVERYRECKLESSBEFOREHEBECAMECONFUCIUSSTUDENT,HEHADALWAYSDEPENDEDONHISBRAVERYANDLOOKEDDOWNONTHEINTELLECTUALSWHOKNEWONLYHOWTORECITEFROMBOOKSANDWHOCULTIVATEDCOURTEOUSMANNERSANDYIELDEDTOOTHERSTHEFIRSTTIMEHEWENTTOSEECONFUCIUS,HEMARCHEDINWITHANAWESOMEMARTIALSPIRIT,ALONGPHEASANTFEATHERSTUCKINHISCAP,ALONGSWORDSHEATHEDINBEARSKINHANGINGFROMHISWAIST没想到孔夫子却是那么神色自若，且温文有礼。再比射箭，孔夫子也神闲气定，箭箭直入红心，毫不怯弱。子路自惭形秽，急忙退出，改易儒服，再正式去求见孔子，并拜孔子为师。可是江山易改，本性难移，这么一个弟子，并非容易教化调伏的。BUTCONFUCIUSRELAXED,GENTLE,ANDCOURTEOUSMANNERCAUGHTHIMOFFGUARDTHEYHADANARCHERYMATCH,DURINGWHICHCONFUCIUSWASALSOCALMANDRELAXEDCONFUCIUSSHOTCONFIDENTLYANDHITTHEBULLSEYEEVERYTIMEZILUWASEMBARRASSEDANDASHAMEDOFHIMSELFHEHURRIEDBACKANDCHANGEDINTOASCHOLARSROBES,ANDTHENHEWENTTOVISITCONFUCIUSFORMALLYANDTOBOWTOCONFUCIUSASHISTEACHERHOWEVER,WHILEITISNOTEASYTOMOVEMOUNTAINSANDRIVERS,ITISEVENHARDERFORAPERSONTOCHANGEHISCHARACTERZILUWASNOTASTUDENTWHOWASEASYTOTEACHANDSUBDUE有一次，他就问老师南山上有又高