牛津高中英语模块10第二单元 grammar 教学案

UNIT2OFMODULE10GRAMMARTHEELEMENTSOFAPARAGRAPHLEARNINGAIMS1LEARNHOWTOANALYZEAPARAGRAPHIMPORTANTANDDIFFICULTPOINTS1APPLYWHATYOUHAVELEARNTTOPRACTICALUSELEARNINGPROCEDURESPARTONESELFEXPLORATIONI归纳与总结好的文章有一些主要的构成要素，段落就是其中之一。段落是用来在散文、故事或其他文章中组织信息的。在写段落时，我们通常包括以下内容1主题句TOPICSENTENCES每个段落都应有一个要点，该要点通常由主题句表达。主题句应清楚地陈述本段落的信息。整个段落都围绕主题句展开。例如YOUNGADULTSGIVEMANYDIFFERENTREASONSFORMOVINGTOCITIES不过也并不是所有的段落都有主题句的。比如有时一个段落延续了前一个段落的主题，而前一个段落有主题句的情况下，这个段落就不一定有主题句了。主题句通常是段落的第一句。不过在散文、故事或其他一些文体的第一段中，主题句可以置于一段引子之后。为了吸引读者的注意力，我们可以使用一段引子。这个引子常常是一个有趣的事实、一个问题或一段引语。2支撑句SUPPORTINGSENTENCES主题句后应跟有对其加以解释或证明的支撑句。例如FORDECADES,FLORIDAHASBEENATTRACTINGOLDERRESIDENTSINFACT,ACCORDINGTOTHENATIONALPOPULATIONSURVEYCONDUCTEDIN2000,FLORIDAWASHOMETOTHELARGESTPOPULATIONOFPEOPLEAGED65ANDOLDER段落中的支撑句的排列顺序是有逻辑的。我们可以使用过渡的词语将每句句子与其前后的句子连接。可使用的过渡词语包括FOREXAMPLE,FORINSTANCE,FURTHERMORE,FIRST,SECOND,THIRD,ONTHEOTHERHAND,HOWEVER,BUT和ALSO。FLORIDAISAPOPULARCHOICEFORTHESEPEOPLEBECAUSEOFTHECLIMATEANDTHESTATESRELATIVELYFLATLANDSCAPEHOWEVER,ASTHENUMBEROFOLDERAMERICANSMOVINGTHEREINCREASES,MORECHANGESAREMADETOCATERTOTHEMFOREXAMPLE,AMBULANCERESPONSETIMEHASBEENDECREASED,ANDMANYHOUSESHAVEBATHROOMSDESIGNEDFORELDERLYHOMEOWNERS,WITHTHINGSLIKEWALKINBATHTUBSTHATREDUCETHERISKOFSLIPSANDFALLS3结论句CONCLUDINGSENTENCE段落应以一句用新的方式重复主题句内容的句子结尾。当然了，结论句不是主题句的简单重复，而是对它的扩展与总结。有时也可以用结论句来表达关于这个主题的最后想法，或用它来帮助引入下一段的主题。ACROSSTHEUSA,PEOPLEARENOTICINGTHESAMETHINGYOUNGPEOPLEWANTTOLIVEINCITIES4注意与中文不同，英文段落中的“主题句支撑句结论句”的结构一般情况下是很明确的。而中文段落的主题句可能出现在段首、段中或段末。这是中西文的不同之处。II小试牛刀一选出下列各段落的主题句。AONEOFTHEREASONSFORVISITINGTHELIGHTHOUSESISTHATTHELIGHTHOUSESHAVEAPROFOUNDHISTORYANDPROVIDEAGOODVIEWOFNATUREBVISITINGLIGHTHOUSESWILLHELPUSTOUNDERSTANDTHELIVESOFLIGHTHOUSEKEEPERSCANOTHERREASONFORCONSIDERINGAVISITISTHATTHELIGHTHOUSESTHEMSELVESCANBEVERYATTRACTIVEBUILDINGSDTHEMOSTIMPORTANTREASONFORSUCHAVISITISTOREALIZEHOWOURANCESTORSBATTLEDNATUREWITHTHEBASICTOOLSTHEYHADEVERYONESHOULDVISITALIGHTHOUSEATLEASTONCE1_D_THEYHADONLYBASICWAYSOFCREATINGLIGHT,ANDYETTHEYFOUNDAWAYOFUSINGTHISSIMPLETECHNOLOGYINISOLATED孤零零的PLACESTOSAVESHIPSFROMHITTINGROCKS2_B_BYTHEIRVERYNATURE,LIGHTHOUSESWEREBUILTONSOMEROCKSORCLIFFSTHUSTHELIGHTHOUSEKEEPERSOFTENLIVEDLONELYLIVESTOWALKAROUNDTHEIRSMALLHOME,ANDIMAGINETHEANGRYSTORMOUTSIDEBEATINGAGAINSTTHEWALLS,ISTOTAKEASTEPTOWARDSUNDERSTANDINGTHELIVESTHEYHAD3_ATHEREASONFORAVISITTOALIGHTHOUSEISNOTALLSOBACKWARDLOOKINGINTIMEITISTRUETHATLIGHTHOUSESWEREBUILTINOUTOFWAYPLACESBUTONAPLEASANTSUNNYSUMMERDAY,THISVERYISOLATIONHASANATURALBEAUTYTHATMANYPEOPLEWILLLOVETOEXPERIENCETHEREFORE,WITHTHEGENTLEWAVESTOUCHINGALLROUNDTHELIGHTHOUSE,THEVISITORISLIKELYTOTHINKITISAWORLDPREFERABLETOTHEBUSYANDNOISYMODERNLIFE4CMANKINDCOULDOFTENNOTBECONTENTJUSTTOPUTUPABASICSTRUCTURE,BUTFELTTHENEED,EVENINSUCHANISOLATEDPLACE,TOBUILDWITHANARTISTICTOUCHTHERESULTISAVIEWFORTIREDEYESTOENJOYFINALLY,LIGHTHOUSESHAVEAROMANTICATTRACTION,SUMMEDUPBYTHEIMAGEOFTHEOILSKINCOATEDKEEPERCLIMBINGHISWINDINGSTAIRSTOTAKECAREOFTHELIGHTTOWARNSHIPSANDSAVELIVES二找出下列各段落的主题句。ANOWMOREANDMOREPEOPLEHAVEREALIZEDHOWSERIOUSTHEPROBLEMISOURGOVERNMENTISDOINGITSBESTTOTAKEMEASURESTOFIGHTAGAINSTPOLLUTIONWEVEDONEAGOODDEALOFWORK,BUTHERESSTILLALONGWAYTOGOWEMUSTKEEPONFIGHTINGUNTILWEFINDWAYSTOPROTECTTHEENVIRONMENTFROMBEINGPOLLUTED,ANDDOAWAYWITHPOLLUTIONWEARESURETHATWELLWINTHEBATTLEGOODBYE,WATERPOLLUTIONBPLANTINGTREESDAYCOMESONMARCH12EVERYYEARDOYOUKNOWWHATCANWEDOTOHELPONTHEDAYINCHINA,PLANTINGTREESDAYISONMARCH12THISSPECIALDAYBEGANIN1979ONTHATDAY,PEOPLECANPLANTMANYTREESANDIFWEPLANTTREESMORE,WEMUSTALSOTAKECAREOFTHETREESBYWATERINGTHEMUNTILTHEYGROWUPTOBESTRONGINDIFFERENTCOUNTRIES,PLANTINGTREESDAYSAREONDIFFERENTDAYSLIKEININDIA,PLANTINGTREESDAYISONJULY1WHYDOTHEPEOPLEPLANTTREESITISVERYEASYBECAUSETHEYWANTTOPROTECTTHEENVIRONMENTTHEREAREMANYPEOPLEWHOWANTTOEARNTHEMONEYFROMONLYCUTTINGDOWNTREESSOMOREANDMORETREESARECUTDOWNBYTHEMBUTKINDPEOPLEWANTTOPROTECTTHEENVIRONMENTANDMAKETHEAIRCLEANSOTHEYPLANTTREESASMANYASTHEYCANALLTHESEACTIONSSHOWTHATPEOPLESHOULDPAYMOREATTENTIONTOTHEENVIRONMENTWEWANTTOMAKEITBETTER,DONTWESOWEMUSTPLANTMORETREESTOPROTECTTHEENVIRONMENTSO,EVERYONE,IFYOUWANTTOMAKETHEAIRCLEAN,PLEASETRYYOURBESTTOPROTECTTHEENVIRONMENTANDPLANTMORETREESCHOWEVERMEANYOURLIFEIS,MEETITANDLIVEITDONOTSHUNITANDCALLITHARDNAMESITISNOTSOBADASYOUAREITLOOKSPOORESTWHENYOUARERICHESTTHEFAULTFINDERWILLFINDFAULTSINPARADISELOVEYOURLIFE,POORASITISYOUMAYPERHAPSHAVESOMEPLEASANT,THRILLING,GLORIOUSHOURS,EVENINAPOORHOUSETHESETTINGSUNISREFLECTEDFROMTHEWINDOWSOFTHEALMSHOUSEASBRIGHTLYASFROMTHERICHMANSABODETHESNOWMELTSBEFOREITSDOORASEARLYINTHESPRINGIDONOTSEEBUTAQUIETMINDMAYLIVEASCONTENTEDLYTHERE,ANDHAVEASCHEERINGTHOUGHTS,ASINAPALACETHETOWNSPOORSEEMTOMEOFTENTOLIVETHEMOSTINDEPENDENTLIVESOFANYMAYBETHEYARESIMPLYGREATENOUGHTORECEIVEWITHOUTMISGIVINGMOSTTHINKTHATTHEYAREABOVEBEINGSUPPORTEDBYTHETOWNBUTITOFTENHAPPENSTHATTHEYARENOTABOVESUPPORTINGTHEMSELVESBYDISHONESTMEANSWHICHSHOULDBEMOREDISREPUTABLECULTIVATEPOVERTYLIKEAGARDENHERB,LIKESAGEDONOTTROUBLEYOURSELFMUCHTOGETNEWTHINGS,WHETHERCLOTHESORFRIENDS,TURNTHEOLD,RETURNTOTHEMTHINGSDONOTCHANGEWECHANGESELLYOURCLOTHESANDKEEPYOURTHOUGHTSDLANGUAGELEARNINGBEGINSWITHLISTENINGCHILDRENAREGREATLYDIFFERENTINTHEAMOUNTOFLISTENINGTHEYDOBEFORETHEYSTARTSPEAKING,ANDLATERSTARTERSAREOFTENLONGLISTENERSMOSTCHILDRENWILL“OBEY”SPOKENINSTRUCTIONSSOMETIMEBEFORETHEYCANSPEAK,THOUGHTHEWORD“OBEY”ISHARDLYACCURATEASADESCRIPTIONOFTHEEAGERANDDELIGHTEDCOOPERATIONUSUALLYSHOWNBYTHECHILDBEFORETHEYCANSPEAK,MANYCHILDRENWILLALSOASKQUESTIONSBYGESTUREANDBYMAKINGQUESTIONINGNOISESEITISAPROBLEMWENEEDTOGETOUTTEETHINTOTHEMEANINGOFAWORDDEPENDSONWHATAPARTICULARPERSONMEANSBYITINAPARTICULARSITUATIONANDITISCLEARTHATWHATACHILDMEANSBYAWORDWILLCHANGEASHEGAINSMOREEXPERIENCEOFTHEWORLDTHUSTHEUSEATSEVENMONTHSOF“MAMA”ASAGREETINGFORHISMOTHERCANNOTBEDISMISSEDASAMEANINGLESSSOUNDSIMPLYBECAUSEHEALSOUSESITATOTHERTIMESFORHISFATHER,HISDOG,ORANYTHINGELSEHELIKESPLAYFULANDMEANINGLESSIMITATIONOFWHATOTHERPEOPLESAYCONTINUESAFTERTHECHILDHASBEGUNTOSPEAKFORHIMSELF,IDOUBT,HOWEVERWHETHERANYTHINGISGAINEDWHENPARENTSTAKEADVANTAGEOFTHISABILITYINANATTEMPTTOTEACHNEWSOUNDS三选词填空。DOYOUWANTTOLIVEWITHASTRONGSENSEOFPEACEFULNESS,HAPPINESS,GOODNESSANDSELFRESPECTTHECOLLECTIONOFHAPPINESSACTIONSBROADLYCATEGORIZEDAS“HONOR”HELPSYOUCREATETHISLIFEOFGOODFEELINGSHERESANEXAMPLETOSHOWHOWHONORABLEACTIONSCREATEHAPPINESSSAYASTORECLERKFAILSTOCHARGEUSFORANITEMIFWEKEEPSILENT,ANDPROFITFROMTHECLERKSMISTAKE,WEWOULDDRIVEHOMEWITHTHENLATERSINCEWHENEVERONTHEOTHERHANDANDONCEWHILEONTHECONTRARYINTHEFIRSTCASEASENSEOFSNEAKYEXCITEMENT1WEMIGHTTELLOURFAMILYORFRIENDSABOUTOURGOODFORTUNE2,IFWETELLTHECLERKABOUTTHEUNCHARGEDITEM,THECLERKWOULDBEGRATEFULANDTHANKUSFOROURHONESTYWEWOULDLEAVETHESTOREWITHAQUIETSENSEOFHONORTHATWEMIGHTNEVERSHAREWITHANOTHERSOUL3,WHATISITTODOWITHOURSENSEOFHAPPINESS4,WHEREWEDONTTELLTHECLERK,ACOUPLEOFTHINGSWOULDHAPPENDEEPDOWNINSIDEWEWOULDKNOWOURSELVESASATYPEOFTHIEFINTHEPROCESS,WEWOULDLOSESOMEPEACEOFMINDANDSELFRESPECTWEWOULDALSODEMONSTRATETHATWECANNOTLIETRUSTED,5WEADVERTISEOURDISHONORBYTELLINGOURFAMILYANDFRIENDSWEDAMAGEOUROWNREPUTATIONSBYTELLINGOTHERS6,BRINGINGTHEERRORTOTHECLERKSATTENTIONCAUSESDIFFERENTTHINGSTOHAPPENIMMEDIATELYTHECLERKKNOWSUSTOBEHONORABLEUPONLEAVINGTHESTORE,WEFEELHONORABLEANDOURSELFRESPECTISINCREASED7WETAKEHONORABLEACTIONWEGAINTHEDEEPINTERNALREWARDSOFGOODNESSANDASENSEOFNOBILITYTHEREISABEAUTIFULPOSITIVECYCLETHATISCREATEDBYLIVINGALIFEOFHONORABLEACTIONSHONORABLETHOUGHTSLEADTOHONORABLEACTIONSHONORABLEACTIONSLEADUSTOAHAPPIEREXISTENCE8ITSEASYTOTHINKANDACTHONORABLYAGAINWHENWEREHAPPY9THEPOSITIVECYCLECANBEDIFFICULTTOSTART,10ITSSTARTED,ITSEASYTOCONTINUEKEEPINGONDOINGGOODDEEDSBRINGSUSPEACEOFMIND,WHICHISIMPORTANTFOROURHAPPIN