mba全套中文教程-生产与运作原理-第一部-t0104

MBA全套中文教程生产与运作原理第一部T0104DMCPRODUCTTESTPLANDOMINICMOTORANDCONTROLEQUIPMENTCOMPANYDMC,SINCETHEDISCOVERYOFOILFROMNORTHERNCANADAIN1973,WILLOCCUPYTHEOILPUMPMOTORMOREEFFECTIVEMARKET50ALTHOUGHTHECOMPANYISAMAJORSUPPLIEROFCANADAMARKETMOTORANDCONTROLEQUIPMENT,ANDENJOYSAHIGHREPUTATIONINTHEQUALITYOFTHEPRODUCTS,BUTDMCEXECUTIVESBELIEVETHECOMPANYSSUCCESSINTHEMARKETISMAINLYATTRIBUTEDTOTHECOMPANYIN1974TOHIREASALESMANHEISAGGRESSIVEANDTALENTEDANDCANSPEAKOILPEOPLESLANGUAGE“HEHASSOLDMOTOREQUIPMENTINTEXASANDHASEXPERIENCEINELECTRICALCONTROLENGINEERINGINOILFIELDATTHETIME,DMCSCOMPETITORSDIDNOTHAVEASIMILARTECHNOLOGYSALESMANINTHEFIELD,SOTHECOMPANYCOULDBUILDANEARLYFOOTHOLDANDGAINASTRONGMARKETPOSITIONINEARLY1985,HOWEVER,DMCSUFFEREDAPOSSIBLELOSSOFMARKETBECAUSEOFAHAMILTONOILCORPORATIONPRODUCTPILOTPROGRAMHAMILTONISCURRENTLYTHELARGESTCANADIANOILCOMPANY,OWNSANDMANAGESMORETHAN30OFTHENATIONALPRODUCTIONWELLS,HAMILTONELECTRICALENGINEERINGDEPARTMENTJOHNRICHSPRESIDEDOVERTHEMOTORTESTINGPLAN,HEBELIEVESTHEDMCMOTORISINTHIRDPLACE,AFTERGIUSEPPETOCRYANDCANADA,GENERALMOTORENGINECOMPANYPRODUCTSSOINMARCH1985,DMCSTOPMANAGERSDECIDEDTHATIFITWANTEDTOKEEPITSSHAREOFTHEWELLPUMPMARKET,THECOMPANYWOULDHAVETOTAKESOMEACTIONCOMPANYBACKGROUNDALLMOTORSERIESPRODUCTSPROVIDEDBYDMCCOMPANYFROMSMALLTOLARGETOLESSTHAN1HORSEPOWERTO2000HORSEPOWER,THECOMPANYALSOPRODUCESELECTRICALCONTROLANDDISTRIBUTIONSYSTEMFORAUTOMATICCONTROLANDPROTECTIONOFTHEENGINEIN1984,DMCSSALESWEREAPPROXIMATELY323MILLION,WITHSALESOFVARIOUSPRODUCTSASFOLLOWSSALESMILLIONDOLLARSSALESUNITTHECONTROLPANELAND72MOTORSLESSTHAN1HORSEPOWER1265000001200HORSEPOWERMOTOR8522000250200040700HORSEPOWERMOTORABOUT80OFDMCSSALESGODIRECTLYFROMCOMPANYSALESPEOPLETOOEMSANDLARGEINDUSTRIALUSERS,SUCHASOILCOMPANIES,PAPERMILLSANDMININGCOMPANIESANOTHER20AREOPERATEDBYDISTRIBUTORS,MAINLYSOLDTOSMALLUSERSSUCHASSMALLDRILLINGCONTRACTORS,ETCANDSMALLORIGINALEQUIPMENTMANUFACTURERSDMCDISCOUNTRATESFORBUYERSOFALLGRADESARESHOWNBELOWBUYERSDISCOUNTRATEPRICEMULTIPLIERTABLEOEM45055分销商40060大用户38062小用户25075油井泵电动机市场加拿大北部的油田是1973年发现的，到1984年，油田上已有约5500个产油井，其中850个是在1984年投产的。数百家石油公司活跃在油田上，但其中有50或50以上口井的公司仅25家。根据行业估计，在今后5年中，每年约有1000口新井投产。然而，分析家们小心地指出，做出有任何程度精确性的估计都是困难的。实际上，熟知年轻的加拿大石油工业的许多人都相信这个估计可能低了。由于世界政治经济条件和技术的迅速变化，预测变得十分困难。这个市场的销售带有季节性，80的销售发生在4月到9月之间。DMC公司的竞争对手包括其他著名的加拿大电动机制造商和许多外国公司（特别是英国、德国和日本公司），所有加拿大公司都保持相当接近的竞争性价格结构，而外国竞争者的价格一般比加拿大公司的低1020。公司的推销员尽量将电动机和控制系统作为一个整体一起出售但油田的客户通常是向一家制造商买电动机而向另一家买控制系统DMC，DMC的主要竞争对手不提供控制系统，电动机控制系统的主要竞争者是控制设备制。造商。从1973到1984年，DMC出售的15的控制和配电盘被用于油井控制系统。每个井安装的油泵系统平均价值约34000美元，其中用于电动机的投资约5000美元（电动机、控制设备、电线、安装等）。电动机价值占了5000美元的13，控制设备和配电盘占了30。油井电动机的买与卖加拿大大型石油生产商一般只从事石油生产（将石油从地下开采出来），与炼油（将石油转变为可使用的产品。如汽油，润滑油）和市场营销分开。大公司的生产组织包括野外操作人员（直接操作钻机），工程师，采购人员（实际负责订购设备）、地质学家（在不同位置找到最可能出油的点）和标准的行政管理人员，如人事、法律职员野外生产一般按地区组织，分别设地区主管、现场经。理，井台管理者，每个班次和一些特殊职能还设有工长井台管理者负责操作油井设施，被认为是重要岗位，THEYUSUALLYCOMEFROMTHEBOTTOMOFTHEFLOORBITBYBIT,ANDPLAYANIMPORTANTROLEINTHEPRODUCTIONOFOILWELLSTHEIRVIEWSONMACHINERYANDEQUIPMENTARERESPECTEDBYOTHERPEOPLEINTHECOMPANYTHEENGINEERISRESPONSIBLEFORDESIGNINGANDSPECIFYINGTHEREQUIREDEQUIPMENT,SUCHASROTARYDRILLINGPLATFORMSTHECOMPANYMAINLYHASMECHANICALENGINEERS,ASWELLASASMALLNUMBEROFCHEMICALENGINEERSGENERALLYSPEAKING,ASALESMANVISITSCUSTOMERSTOMAKETHECUSTOMERUNDERSTANDTHEIMPROVEMENTOFTHEPRODUCT,ANDTWO,TOMAINTAINTHEIRRELATIONSHIPWITHTHECUSTOMERFORSEVERALYEARSTHESALESMANINALARGECOMPANYACCESSOBJECTOFTENCHANGES,SOMETIMESISTHEPRESIDENT,BUTSOMETIMESTHEENGINEERORPRODUCTIONMANAGER,CONSTRUCTIONMANAGERS,ANDEVENRELATEDTOOILOPERATORSINTHESEVISITS,SALESMENALWAYSTRYTOCONVINCECOMPANIESTHATTHEYSHOULDTRYTOEXPANDORPURSUEADVANCEDTECHNOLOGYTHEORGANIZATIONOFSMALLCOMPANIESISRELATIVELYSIMPLEVERYSMALL,USUALLYONLYAFEWWELLOPERATORS,EVENONLYONETHESEOPERATORSALSODONOTOILREFINING,BUTSELLOILTOLARGE,INTEGRATEDCOMPANIESSMALLFIRMSGENERALLYDONOTHAVEINDEPENDENTENGINEERINGDEPARTMENTS,WHICHRELYMOREONINDUSTRYSTANDARDSFOREQUIPMENTPURCHASES,ORFOLLOWTHEPURCHASINGPOLICIESANDEQUIPMENTMODELLINGOFLARGECOMPANIESDMCSADVERTISINGANDPROMOTIONPROGRAMDMCHASANADVERTISINGPLANTHATMANAGERSBELIEVEISLIMITEDINITSSALES,BUTITCANHELPSALESPEOPLETHEMEDIAOFADVERTISINGAREMAINLYBUSINESSMAGAZINESALTHOUGHMANAGERSDONOTEXPECTADSTOACTUALLYGENERATESALES,THEYAREALSOSTRONGLYOPPOSEDTOMERELYPUTTINGCOMMERCIALCARDSINCOMMERCIALNEWSPAPERSTHECOMPANYHASAGREATDEALOFPOWERTOINTRODUCEIMPRESSIVEPROMOTIONALTEXTSANDLAYOUTDESIGNSTHATAREUSUALLYACCOMPANIEDBYPICTURESOFACTUALEQUIPMENTANDLONGSALESARGUMENTSPRODUCTCATALOGISALSOANIMPORTANTPROMOTIONALTOOLFORDMCCOMPANYTHESPECIFICATIONSOFEACHMOTORAREPRESENTEDINTHEGENERALCATALOGUEOFPRODUCTSSENTTOUSERS,PROCUREMENTANDENGINEERINGPERSONNELTHISISSUEALONEWAYTHANTOINTRODUCEALLMOTORBROCHURES,ALTHOUGHREVISIONISADIFFICULT,BUTMANAGERSTHINKISSUEDASEPARATECATALOGUEWITHLOWCOSTANDHIGHEFFICIENCYTHANACOMPREHENSIVEBROCHURE,BECAUSETHECOMPANYSPRODUCTLINE,THEENGINESDESIGNANDSPECIFICATIONSARERARECHANGESFACTORSAFFECTINGTHESPECIFICATIONSOFMOTORUSEDINOILWELLPUMPSSINCE197380MOTOROILPUMPEQUIPMENTWERESOLDTOTHENATIONALELECTRICALMANUFACTURERSASSOCIATION10HPNEMACTYPEOFPRODUCTDESIGNHIGHSTARTINGTORQUE,LOWSTARTINGCURRENT,TOTALLYENCLOSEDFANCOOLINGSYSTEMWITHMOISTUREPROOFINSULATIONDEVICEANOTHER20OFTHESALESVOLUMEISALSOTHECTYPEMOTOR,BUTTHERATEDPOWERISSLIGHTLYHIGHTHEDRILLINGDEPTH,OILVISCOSITY,PUMPLIQUIDWATER,UNDERGROUNDPRESSURE,ANDTHERELEASEOFGOVERNMENTCONTROLINNORTHERNCANADAOILPRODUCTIONLICENSE,THEMOSTINFLUENTIALTOTHEAREAOFTHEOTHERMOTORONEOFTHEMOSTIMPORTANTDECISIVEFACTORSISTHELOWTEMPERATUREINWINTERITREQUIRESTHEMOTORTOHAVEAHIGHSTARTINGTORQUETOENSUREADEQUATESTARTINGTORQUE,MANYOILCOMPANIESUSE10HORSEPOWERMOTORS,EVENIFTHEYREQUIREGREATERHORSEPOWERTHANLIFTINGOILFROMTHEGROUNDTHISISCALLED“THEMOTORISTOOLARGE“1984,THECOMPANYSTECHNICALSTAFF,THEREFORE,BRIDGESSRECOMMENDATIONSARELIKELYTOBEIMPORTANTINTHEINDUSTRYMOSTDMCEXECUTIVESEVENTHINKTHATIFTHEYFAILTODOSOMETHINGABOUTBRIDGESSCHALLENGE,THECOMPANYWILLNOLONGEREXPECTTOBEAFOOTHOLDINTHEOILPUMPINDUSTRYPOSSIBLESOLUTIONSTODMCSPROBLEMSEXECUTIVESATDMCHAVECOMEUPWITHTHEFOLLOWING4STRATEGIES1,THECOMPANYS10HORSEPOWERMOTORPRICESDOWNTO71/2HORSEPOWERMOTORLEVEL2,REDESIGNISNOW71/2HORSEPOWERMOTORSTARTINGTORQUE,MAKEITATLEASTSPECIALSPAPRODUCTSWITHTHESAMESPECIFICATIONLEVEL3,BEGINTODESIGNASPECIALMOTORFORTHEOILPUMPMARKET,THEIDEALSTANDARDIS5HORSEPOWERMOTOR,BUTTHESTARTINGTORQUEREACHES10HORSEPOWERLEVEL4,TRYTOCONVINCEBRIDGESANDHAMILTONSEXECUTIVESTHATTHEIRTESTRESULTSOVEREMPHASIZEDTHEMAXIMUMSTARTINGTORQUETHEALTERNATIVE1,WHICHLOWEREDTHEPRICEOFDMCS10HPMOTORTO71/2HORSEPOWER,WASRECOMMENDEDBYSEVERALEXECUTIVESASAQUICKSOLUTIONTOTHEPROBLEMTHEYBELIEVETHEPRACTICEWILLWORKIMMEDIATELYORATLEASTASLATEASMAY1985THESEEXECUTIVESPOINTEDOUTTHATTHEMOTOROILMARKETEXPERIENCEDADOWNTURNAFTEREVERYWINTERWILLSOONFLOURISH,IFDMCCOMPANYWANTSTOKEEPITSSHAREOFSALESIN1985,ITWILLOCCUPYTHECOMPETITIVEPOSITIONTHEYADMITTHATTHISISNOTLONGAFARSOLUTIONHOWEVER,OBVIOUSLYPEOPLEWILLCONTINUETOBUYA10HORSEPOWERMOTORINTHENEARFUTURE,BECAUSEOFTHEUSEOF71/210HORSEPOWERMOTORHORSEPOWERMOTORINSTEADOFTHESAVINGSINELECTRICITYISNOTMUCH,ALSONOTBECAUSEOFINEFFICIENTOILCOMPANIESCONTINUETOUSETHEEQUIPMENTTOBEPUNISHEDSOMEEXECUTIVESSAIDTHEREWASNONEEDTORUSHTOLOWERTHEPRICEOFTHECOMPANYS10HORSEPOWERMOTOR,BUTWAITUNTILBRIDGESHANDEDINHISOFFICIALREPORTTHEYSUSPECTINAFORMALREPORTBEFOREHOWMANYOILCOMPANIESHEARDTHISRESULT,SONEARLY23MONTHSMOTORSALESWILLNOTBEAFFECTEDDOMINICACOMPANYCANALSOACCORDINGTOTHECONVENTIONALPRICECONTINUETOSELL10HORSEPOWERMOTOR,UNTILTHETROUBLEANDTHEMARKETOFTHECOMPANYTHATHAMILTONSHEPARDAPPRECIATEDSOFARSUPPORTERSOFTHEIDEABELIEVETHATDOINGSOCANBECOMPETENT,IMMEDIATELYDEALWITHSUPPORTFORHAMILTONSHEPARDMOTOR,ITISSTILLAUSEFULTEMPORARYMEANSOFCOMPETITION,UNTILTHEYCANACHIEVEANDCOMPLETETHESTUDYONBRIDGESTESTRESULTSBYTHEN,THEDOMINICANREPUBLICCANFINDAMORESATISFACTORYANDREASONABLESTRATEGYTHEYBELIEVEITMAYTAKEAYEARTOFULLYASSESSBRIDGESSRESULTSANDCONCLUSIONS,ESPECIALLYIFTHECOMPANYEXECUTIVESAREGOINGTODOTHEIROWNDMCCOMPARISONSOPTION2SEVERALCOMPANYEXECUTIVESBELIEVETHATDMCSHOULDBEWELLINTHEPOSITIONOFTHEMARKET,THEKEYISTOREDESIGNITSEXISTING71/2HORSEPOWERMOTORSTARTINGTORQUE,MAKEITREACHSHEPARD71/2HORSEPOWERMOTOREQUALORHIGHERLEVEL,APRELIMINARYINVESTIGATIONHASFOUNDINCREASEDTWOWAYSOFSTARTINGTORQUEFIRST，BYCHANGINGTHEEXISTING71/2THEINTERNALSTRUCTUREOFHPMOTORSTARTINGTORQUECANBEATLEASTMENTIONED105POUNDSPERFOOT,THEMOTORISSTILLANDNOW71/2THESAMESIZEHORSEPOWERMOTORMOUNTINGDIMENSIONS,BUTTHETEMPERATURERISETHANNEMAHIGHSTANDARDDMCPEOPLEBELIEVETHATTHISDEVIATIONWILLNOTSIGNIFICANTLYCHANGETHESAFETYOROPERATINGCHARACTERISTICSOFTHEMACHINEBECAUSEOFTHEUSEOFSPECIALHIGHTEMPERATUREINSULATIONMATERIALEXECUTIVES,HOWEVER,ARENOTSUREWHATCONSUMERSWILLTHINKABOUTRUNNINGTEMPERATURESOVERNEMATHECOSTOFPRODUCINGONEOFTHESEMOTORSCOSTS790ANOTHERWAYTOGETTHESAMESTARTINGTORQUEISALARGEMOTOROPERATION,THEMINIMUMSTANDARDWILLMEETOREXCEEDALLREQUIREMENTSOFNEMA,BUTNOTNEMAFORPOWERITSSIZE,DMCEXECUTIVESBELIEVETHATTHESTANDARDMOTORMOUNTINGDIMENSIONSINHEAVYOILPUMPFACILITIESTHISAPPROACHISLESSLIKELYTHANTHEPREVIOUSONETOEXCEEDTHENEMASHIGHESTTEMPERATURESTANDARD,ANDTHEMANUFACTURINGCOSTOFTHEMOTORIS867THETWOAPPROACHDOESNOTREQUIREADDITIONALINVESTMENTINPLANTSOREQUIPMENT,BUTITTAKESABOUT3MONTHSTOSTARTTHEDELIVERYOFTHEMODIFIEDMOTORSPEOPLEWHOAGREEDTOIMPROVETHECOMPANYSEXISTING71/2HPMOTORTOINCREASESTARTINGTORQUEWOULDBEANANSWERTOTHEPRODUCTQUESTIONTHEYPOINTOUTTHAT“IMPROVEDEFFICIENCY“WILLALLOWDMCMOTORSTOHAVETHEHIGHESTSTARTINGTORQUEOFANY71/2HORSEPOWERMOTORATTHATTIMEBUTNOTALLDMCEXECUTIVESAGREEWITHTHISAPPROACHTHEYPOINTEDOUTTHATSUCHACHANGEWOULDLEADTOATORQUEMOTORDESIGNMAYLEADTOWAR,LOSSOFBALANCE,CONFUSINGTOTHEUSEROFTHEMOTOR,THEMOTORINDUSTRYEVENTUALLYDAMAGEANDTHEOPERATIONPERFORMANCEOFTHENEXTCITYORCITYISOVERNEMASTANDARDSUPPORTFORINDUSTRYSTANDARDSHASLONGBEENDMCSPOLICYTHECOMPANYHASVERYGOODTESTFACILITIESTHATALLOWENGINEERSTODESIGNMOTORSCLOSETOTHENEMASTANDARDANDREDUCECOSTS“ITSOKAYTOMAKEOURMOTORSBIGGERTHANTHENEMASTANDARDS,“SAYSONEEXECUTIVEWEHAVEBETTERTESTEQUIPMENTTHATALLOWSUSTODESIGNPRODUCTSTHATARECLOSERTOTHENEMASTANDARDTHANOURCOMPETITORSTHEREISNODOUBTTHATOURMOTORWILLHAVEAGREATERMARGINANEXECUTIVEAT3DMCSUGGESTEDTHATASPECIALMOTORBEDESIGNEDFORTHEOILPUMPMARKETHEBELIEVESTHISISTHEONLYWAYTOREGAINTHELEADINEFFICIENTPRODUCTSHEPOINTEDOUTTHATHAMILTONSTESTSHOWEDTHATTHEIDEALSPECIALPUMPSHOULDHAVETHERUNNINGPOWEROF5HORSEPOWER,BUTTHESTARTINGTORQUEOFTHE10HPMOTORTHISMOTOR,BEYONDTHESMALLESTNEMASPECIFICATION,WILLUNDOUBTEDLYGAINACOMPETITIVEADVANTAGEINTHEMARKETPRELIMINARYESTIMATESSHOWTHATTHECOSTOFTHEMOTORISABOUT665EXECUTIVESBELIEVETHEMOTORWILLBESOLDTOBIGCUSTOMERSFOR1045THEYSAYTHESPECIALMOTORSSHOULDBEPRICEDCLOSETOTHEPRICEOF5HORSEPOWERUNIVERSALMOTORSBECAUSEITISACTUALLYA5HORSEPOWERMOTOROTHERSIDE,ITSHOULDBEPRICEDATLESSTHAN71/2HORSEPOWEROFTHEGENERALMOTORS,SOTHATDMCHASACCESSTOCOMPETITORS71/2HORSEPOWERMOTORPRICEADVANTAGEOTHEREXECUTIVES,HOWEVER,BELIEVETHATSPECIALMOTORSCANSELLSLIGHTLYHIGHERTHAN1045,PERHAPSMOREEXPENSIVETHANTHECURRENT71/2HORSEPOWERMOTORA75000INVESTMENTISNEEDEDTOPROVIDETHENECESSARYENGINEERINGANDTESTINGEXECUTIVESBELIEVETHATONLYASMALLAMOUNTOFINVESTMENTISNEEDEDFORTHEPRODUCTIONOFNEWMOTORSFORFACTORIESANDEQUIPMENT,ANDENGINEERSESTIMATETHATPRODUCTIONWILLTAKEABOUT4TO5MONTHSTHEPERSONINFAVOROFTHEPROGRAMSUMMEDUPITSMERITTHATDMCWOULDPROVIDETHEMARKETWITHTHEPRODUCTSITREALLYNEEDEDMOREOVER,THEYBELIEVE,ASTHEFIRSTPRODUCTIONOFSPECIALMOTORMANUFACTURERS,JUSTPERFECTTOMEETTHENEEDSOFTHEMARKET,WILLRECEIVEMORETHANCOMPETITORSIMPORTANTSTRATEGICADVANTAGE,TOMAINTAINALONGERPERIODOFTIMETOTHISADVANTAGEWITHTHISMOTOR,DMCWILLMAKEITSSHAREINTHEWELLPUMPMARKETINCREASETOABOUT60ALMOSTWITHOUTEXCEPTION,THECANADIANMOTORCOMPANYHASALWAYSADHEREDTOTHEPOSITIONOFGENERALMOTORS,DESIGNEDFORMANYAPPLICATIONSMOTORASARULE,THEPERFORMANCESTANDARDSOFTHESEMOTORSEXCEEDTHESPECIFICREQUIREMENTSOFANYKINDOFAPPLICATIONSOMEINDUSTRYEXECUTIVESBELIEVETHATTHISPRINCIPLE,BASEDONTHENEMASTANDARD,ISALIFESAVERFORTHECANADIANMOTORINDUSTRYTHEYPOINTEDOUTTHATTHECANADIANMOTORMARKETISLESSTHAN1/10OFTHEUSMARKET,MAKINGITDIFFICULTTOPRODUCESPECIALMOTORSFROMSMALLQUANTITIESTOACHIEVEECONOMICEFFICIENCYMANUFACTURERSFOCUSONSTANDARDIZED,GENERALPURPOSEMOTORPRODUCTIONTOENABLEUNITCOSTSTOCOMPETEWITHIMPORTEDMOTORSSEVERALMEMBERSOFTHE4DMCMANAGEMENTTEAMBELIEVETHATBRIDGESSCONCLUSIONSARENOTCOMPLETELYACCURATETHEYARGUETHAT,BEFORECONSIDERINGCHANGINGPRODUCTSANDMARKETINGSTRATEGIES,THEYSHOULDCONVINCEBRIDGESANDHAMILTONEXECUTIVESTOACCEPTANOTHERCONCLUSIONFROMTHETESTRESULTSTHEEXECUTIVESKNOWTHATHAMILTONSVICEPRESIDENTOFPURCHASINGISGREGARIOUSANDBELIEVESTHEYMAYBEABLETOAPPROACHHIMTHEEXECUTIVESPOINTEDOUTTHATALL71/2HORSEPOWERMOTORSTESTEDSHOWEDTHATTHESTARTINGTORQUEWASMORETHAN80POUNDS/FOOTSINCETHE70POUND/FOOTTORQUEMAYDESTROYTHEOILPUMPINTHECOLDESTSEASON,THERESULTSOFTHE80POUNDTESTSHOULDBESATISFACTORYOBVIOUSLY,ASTHESTARTINGTORQUEISTHEMOSTIMPORTANTCHARACTERISTICOFTHEUSEOFANOILWELLPUMPMOTOR,BRIDGESHASCOMETOTHECONCLUSIONTHATTHISPARAMETERISASHIGHASPOSSIBLESHEPARDMOTORISHISFIRSTCHOICE,BECAUSEITHASTHEMAXIMUMSTARTINGTORQUEMOSTDMCEXECUTIVESBELIEVEATORQUEOF80POUNDS,AFOOT,CANNOTSTARTTHEMOTORVERYRAREBUT,ASONESUPERVISORHASHEARD,ENGINEERSLIKEBIGGERWEIGHTS,WHETHERTHEYNEEDITORNOT,“MANYEXECUTIVESBELIEVETHEREISREASONTOSUSPECTTHATTHECITYRICHINSCONCLUSIONS,BUTTHEYDONOTKNOWHOWTOEXPRESSDIFFERENTOPINIONSBRIDGESHAMILTONISSCHEDULEDFOREAR