牛津高中英语模块三unit1 语法讲解和训练 名词性从句

模块三UNIT1语法讲解和训练名词性从句2011/2/21一、概述在句子中起名词作用的从句称为名词性从句。名词性从句包括主语从句，宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。二、名词性从句的引导词1、连接代词WHO,WHOM,WHOSE,WHAT,WHICH,WHOEVER,WHATEVER等2、连接副词WHEN,WHERE,WHY,HOW等3、从属连词THAT,WHETHER,IF,ASIF,BECAUSEASIF,BECAUSE只引导表语从句连接代词和连接副词在句中不再是疑问词，因而从句中用陈述语序。三、用法详解（一）主语从句1、主语从句用连接代词、连接副词和从属连词THAT,WHETHER引导。THAT不可省略。THATYOUDONTLIKEHIMHASNOTHINGTODOWITHMEWHETHERJOHNCANDOTHEEXPERIMENTREMAINSAQUESTIONWHOWILLBESENTABROADTOFURTHERHISSTUDIESISNOTANNOUNCEDWHATSURPRISEDMEMOSTWASTHATSUCHALITTLEGIRLCANPLAYTHEVIOLINSOWELL2、当主语过长时，常常用IT作形式主语，而把真正的主语从句放在主句后面。常用句型有1ITBE形容词（TRUE,POSSIBLE,CERTAIN,LIKELY,SURPRISING,STRANGE,IMPORTANT）THAT从句ITSCERTAINTHATSHEWILLDOWELLINTHEEXAMITSLIKELYTHATHEWILLTELLMEEVERYTHINGABOUTTHATNIGHT2ITBE名词词组（NOWONDER,ANHONOR,APITY,HIGHTIME等）THAT从句ITSAPITYTHATHECANTCOMEITSHIGHTIMETHATYOUTURNEDINYOURHOMEWORK3ITBE过去分词（SAID,REPORTED,EXPECTED,SUPPOSED等）THAT从句ITSSAIDTHATHEISQUITESELFCONFIDENTITSREPORTEDTHATALETTERFROMTHEUNIVERSITYHASREACHEDHIM4ITSEEM/HAPPEN/LOOKASIF等THAT从句TITSEEMSTHATALICEISNOTCOMINGITHAPPENEDTHATIWASAWITNESSTOTHEACCIDENT5ITDOESNTMATTERMAKENODIFFERENCEWHITDOESNTMATTERWHETHERYOUKNOWMYNAMEORNOTITMAKESNODIFFERENCETOMEWHEREWESHALLHAVETHEMEETING（二）宾语从句1、宾语从句用连接代词、连接副词和从属连词THAT,WHETHER,IF引导。可做及物动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语或形容词的宾语。这些形容词都是表示思想状况或感情色彩的形容词，如CERTAIN,SURE,POSITIVE,AFRAID,CONVINCED,ANXIOUS,DISAPPOINTED,WORRIED,GLAD,HAPPY,SORRY,AMAZED,SURPRISED,AWARE,DOUBTFUL,CONFIDENT等等。如THEYPROMISEDUSTHATTHEYWOULDRESPECTOURPRIVACYDOYOUKNOWWHETHER/IFANYDECISIONHASBEENARRIVEDATSCIENTISTSDEMANDTOKNOWWHENANDWHERETHEYAREWRONGIAMAFRAIDTHATTHEIRTEAMWILLWINTHEMATCHHEREMAINSCONFIDENTTHATHEWILLWIN他仍然自信他会赢WEWERERATHERDISAPPOINTEDTHATYOUWERENOTABLETOCOMEYESTERDAY2、在MAKE,FIND,SEE,CONSIDER等后IT作形式宾语，如WECONSIDERITNECESSARYTHATWESHOULDFINISHOURHOMEWORKINTIMEHEHASMADEITCLEARTHATHEWONTAGREETOTHEPLANPEOPLEINANCIENTTIMESTOOKITFORGRANTEDTHATTHEEARTHWASFLAT3、介词后面的宾语从句一般不能由THAT直接引导,只有在EXCEPT,IN等少数词后，而且THAT不可省略。HISCOMPOSITIONISVERYGOODEXCEPTTHATTHEREARESOMESPELLINGMISTAKESHEDIFFERSFROMHISCLASSMATESINTHATHEDEVOTESHISSPARETIMETOREADINGTHEREASONLIESINTHATSHEWORKSHARDERTHANTHEOTHERSDOHEWOULDHAVEHELPEDUSBUTTHATHEWASSHORTOFMONEYATTHETIME要不是他当时手头紧，他会帮助我们的。4、其他一些词后常要用IT先行一步再接宾语从句DEPENDONITTHATSEETOITTHATAPPRECIATEITTHATHATE/LIKE/DISLIKEITWHENYOUCANDEPENDONITTHATTHEYWILLSUPPORTYOUIHATEITWHENPEOPLESPEAKWITHTHEIRMOUTHSFULLOFFOODPLEASESEETOITTHATTHEDOORARELOCKED5、DOUBT一词肯定句中用WHETHER/IF引导宾语从句，在疑问句和否定句中只能用THAT引导。IDOUBTWHETHERREALLYUNDERSTANDMEIDONTDOUBTTHATHEWILLCOMEONTIMEDOYOUDOUBTTHATHEWILLCOMEONTIME6、宾语从句中的连接词THAT有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中THAT不能省略（A）当THAT从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，THAT不可省略。THEBOYTHINKS,INFACT,THATSMOKINGISBADFORHISHEALTH（B）在非正式文体中，由THAT引导的宾语分句中，从属连词THAT常省略，但是如果有两个THAT分句同时作句子的宾语时，第二个THAT通常不能省略，以免引起歧义。IUNDERSTANDTHATYOUHAVESTUDIEDCHINESE,ANDTHATYOUHAVEWRITTENCHINESEPOETRYSHEDENIEDTHATSHEHADSEENTHEMENANDTHATSHEHADBEENINTOUCHWITHHIM（三）表语从句1、表语从句用连接代词、连接副词和从属连词THAT,WHETHER,ASIF,BECAUSE引导。引导表语从句的连接词THAT有时可省去。THETROUBLEISTHATIHAVELOSTTHEDOCUMENTTHATISWHERESHEWASBORNMYANGERISBECAUSEHEOFTENTELLLIESITLOOKSASIFWEWILLBELATEMYIDEAISTHATWECANGETMORECOMRADESTOHELPINTHEWORK2、注意点1SUGGESTION,DECISION,ADVICE,IDEA,PROPOSAL,ORDER,DEMAND等作主语的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟SHOULD动词原形。MYSUGGESTIONISTHATWESHOULDGIVEHIMANOTHERCHANCEHERREQUIREMENTISTHATSHESHOULDBESENTTOTIBETTOWORK2主句主语是REASON时,表语从句只能用THAT引导，不能用BECAUSE。句子结构为THEREASONWHYISTHATTHEREASONWHYHEWASLATEFORSCHOOLWASTHATHEMISSEDTHEBUS但如果IT/THIS/THAT等作主语时，可用BECAUSE引导表语从句IT/THIS/THATISBECAUSETHATWASBECAUSEHEHADBEENILL（四）同位语从句1、同位语从句一般跟在某些名词后面，用以解释或说明前面的名词的内容。这些名词有FACT,NEWS,MESSAGE,DOUBT,POSSIBILITY,IDEA,REASON,BELIEF,SUGGESTION等。THEFACTTHATGREATBRITAINISMADEUPOFTHREECOUNTRIESISSTILLUNKNOWNTOMANYPEOPLETHEQUESTIONWHOSHOULDDOTHEWORKREQUIRESCONSIDERATION2、分隔现象同位语从句有时与从句分开。如MYSUGGESTIONHASBEENTAKENTHATWESHOULDCOLLECTMONEYFORTHEPOORGIRLANIDEAOCCURREDTOHIMTHATHEMIGHTGOTHEREBYAIR3、同位语从句和定于从句的区别同位语从句是队前面的名词补充说明；定语从句是对前面的名词进行修饰限定作用。同位语从句中的THAT只起连接作用，不担任句子成分，不可以省略；定语从句中的THAT除了起引导作用外还在定于从句中担任主语或宾语或表语，任宾语时可以省略。区别THENEWSTHATISSPREADINGAROUNDTHEAIRPORTISTHATAHEAVYSNOWISCOMINGTHENEWSTHATTHEPLANEWOULDTAKEOFFONTIMEMADEEVERYBODYHAPPY四、注意点1、WHETHER和IF的区别（1）在宾语从句中可互换，但当宾语从句是否定时只用IF。HEASKEDMEIFIHADNTFINISHEDMYHOMEWORK（2）在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中只能用WHETHER。（3）当与ORNOT联用时只能用WHETHER。（4）在动词不定式前面只能用WHETHER。如THEYHAVENTDECIDEDWHETHERTOGO（5）在介词后只能用WHETHER。如ITDEPENDSONWHETHERWEHAVEENOUGHTIME2、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致（1）宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致，但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象，虽然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。如HELLO,IDIDNTKNOWYOUWEREINLONDONHOWLONGHAVEYOUBEENHERETHETEACHERTOLDUSTHATLIGHTTRAVELSATAVERYHIGHSPEED（2）主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由AND连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。如WHENTHEMEETINGWILLBEGINHASNOTBEENDECIDEDYETWHENTHEYWILLSTARTANDWHERETHEYGOHAVENOTBEENDECIDEDYETWHENANDWHERETHEMEETINGWILLBEGINHASNOTBEENDECIDED高考名词性从句试题一、主语从句1_YOUDONTLIKEHIMISNONEOFMYBUSINESS1992AWHATBWHOCTHATDWHETHER2_ISAFACTTHATENGLISHISACCEPTEDASANINTERNATIONALLANGUAGE1995ATHEREBTHISCTHATDIT3_WELLGOCAMPINGTOMORROWDEPENDSONTHEWEATHER1996AIFBWHETHERCTHATDWHERE4_WORRIESMETHEWAYHEKEEPSCHANGINGHISMIND（2007年山东）ATHISBTHATCWHATDIT5ITISNONEOFYOURBUSINESSOTHERPEOPLETHINKABOUTYOUBELIEVEYOURSELF（07福建）AHOWBWHATCWHICHDWHEN6_MATTERSMOSTINLEARNINGENGLISHISENOUGHPRACTICE（2007年全国2）AWHATBWHYCWHEREDWHICH7ISKNOWNTOUSALLISTHATTHE2008OLYMPICGAMESWILLTAKEPLACEINBEIJING08福建AITBWHATCASDWHICH8SOMEPEOPLEREGARDASADRAWBACKISSEENASAPLUSBYMANYOTHERS（北京）AWHETHERBWHATCTHATDHOW9ITISUNCERTAINSIDEEFFECTTHEMEDICINEWILLBRINGABOUT,ALTHOUGHABOUTTWOTHOUSANDPATIENTSHAVETAKENIT（10浙江9）ATHATBWHATCHOWDWHETHER二、宾语从句10ITWASAMATTEROF_WOULDTAKETHEPOSITION1998AWHOBWHOEVERCWHOMDWHOMEVER11WEHAVENTSETTLEDTHEQUESTIONOF_ITISNECESSARYFORHIMTOSTUDYABROAD（06江苏）AIFBWHERECWHETHERDTHAT12WHENYOUANSWERQUESTIONSINAJOBINTERVIEW,PLEASEREMEMBERTHEGOLDENRULEALWAYSGIVETHEMONKEYEXACTLY_HEWANTS2002上海AWHATBWHICHCWHENDTHAT13WECANNOTFIGUREOUT_QUITEANUMBEROFINSECTS,BIRDS,ANDANIMALSAREDYINGOUTATHATBASCWHYDWHEN04北京14ITHINKFATHERWOULDLIKETOKNOW_IVEBEENUPTOSOFAR,SOIDECIDETOSENDHIMAQUICKNOTEAWHICHBWHYCWHATDHOW2004湖南15AMODERNCITYHASBEENSETUPIN_WASAWASTELANDTENYEARSAGO2004天津AWHATBWHICHCTHATDWHERE16THEOTHERDAY,MYBROTHERDROVEHISCARDOWNTHESTREETAT_ITHOUGHTWASADANGEROUSSPEED04上海春季AASBWHICHCWHATDTHAT17MARYWROTEANARTICLEONTHETEAMHADFAILEDTOWINTHEGAME（2005北京）AWHYBWHATCWHODTHAT18THEWAYHEDIDITWASDIFFERENTWEWEREUSEDTO2005江西AINWHICHBINWHATCFROMWHATDFROMWHICH19PARENTSARETAUGHTTOUNDERSTAND_IMPORTANTEDUCATIONISTOTHEIRCHILDRENSFUTURE04广东ATHATBHOWCSUCHDSO20IWASSURPRISEDBYHERWORDS,WHICHMADEMERECOGNIZE_SILLYMISTAKESIHADMADE2005湖南AWHATBTHATCHOWDWHICH21WITHHISWORKCOMPLETED,THEBUSINESSMANSTEPPEDBACKTOHISSEAT,FEELINGPLEASED_HEWASAMANOFACTION2006湖南AWHICHBTHATCWHATDWHETHER22PLEASEREMINDMEHESAIDHEWASGOINGIMAYBEINTIMETOSEEHIMOFF（06全国I）AWHEREBWHENCHOWDWHAT23IJUSTWONDER_THATMAKESHIMSOEXCITED（2006山东）AWHYITDOESBWHATHEDOESCHOWITISDWHATITIS24CHOOSINGTHERIGHTDICTIONARYDEPENDSON_YOUWANTTOUSEITFOR（2007年江苏）AWHATBWHYCHOWDWHETHER25THESEASIDEHEREDRAWSALOTOFTOURISTSEVERYSUMMERWARMSUNSHINEANDSOFTSANDSMAKE_ITIS（2007年天津）AWHATBWHICHCHOWDWHERE26YOUCANONLYBESUREOF_YOUHAVEATPRESENTYOUCANNOTBESUREOFSOMETHING_YOUMIGHTGETINTHEFUTURE（2007年安徽）ATHATWHATBWHAT/CWHICHTHATD/THAT27THECOMPANIESAREWORKINGTOGETHERTOCREATETHEYHOPEWILLBETHEBESTMEANSOFTRANSPORTINTHE21STCENTURY08北京30AWHICHBTHATCWHATDWHO28SHEISVERYDEARTOUSWEHAVEBEENPREPAREDTODOITTAKESTOSAVEHERLIFE09湖南28AWHICHEVERBHOWEVERCWHATEVERDWHOEVER29ASANEWDIPLOMAT,HEOFTENTHINKSOFHECANREACTMOREAPPROPRIATELYONSUCHOCCASIONSAWHATBWHICHCTHATDHOW09上海4030MANYYOUNGPEOPLEINTHEWESTAREEXPECTEDTOLEAVE_COULDBELIFESMOSTIMPORTANTDECISIONMARRIAGEALMOSTENTIRELYUPTOLUCK09江苏34AASBTHATCWHICHDWHAT31THELITTLEGIRLWHOGOTLOSTDECIDEDTOREMAIN_SHEWASANDWAITFORHERMOTHERAWHEREBWHATCHOWDWHO09山东2832IWANTTOBELIKEDANDLOVEDFORIAMINSIDE（10湖北31）AWHOBWHERECWHATDHOW33HAVEYOUFINISHEDTHEBOOKNO,IVEREADUPTO_THECHILDRENDISCOVERTHESECRETCAVE（10全国10）AWHICHBWHATCTHATDWHERE34STUDENTSAREALWAYSINTERESTEDINFINDINGOUT_THEYCANGOWITHANEWTEACHER08安徽29AHOWFARBHOWSOONCHOWOFTENDHOWLONG35WHENCHANGINGLANES,ADRIVERSHOULDUSEHISTURNINGSIGNALTOLETOTHERDRIVERSKNOWAHEISENTERINGWHICHLANEBWHICHLANEHEISENTERING（10上海）CISHEENTERINGWHICHLANEDWHICHLANEISHEENTERING三、表语从句36IDROVETOZHUHAIFORTHEAIRSHOWLASTWEEKISTHAT_YOUHADAFEWDAYSOFF1999AWHYBWHENCWHATDWHERE37_SHECOULDNTUNDERSTANDWAS_FEWERANDFEWERSTUDENTSSHOWEDINTERESTINHERLESSONS2000ATHATWHATBWHATWHYCWHATBECAUSEDWHYTHAT38WHATTHEDOCTORSREALLYDOUBTIS_MYMOTHERWILLRECOVERFROMTHESERIOUSDISEASESOON2001AWHENBHOWCWHETHERDWHY39THETRADITIONALVIEWIS_WESLEEPBECAUSEOURBRAINIS“PROGRAMMED”TOMAKEUSDOSO（2007年上海）AWHENBWHYCWHETHERDTHAT40WHYNOTTRYYOURLUCKDOWNTOWN,BOBTHATS_THEBESTJOBSARE（2007年浙江）AWHEREBWHATCWHENDWHY41THELASTTIMEWEHADGREATFUNWAS_WEWEREVISITINGTHEWATERPARK08天津12AWHEREBHOWCWHENDWHY42ONEREASONFORHERPREFERENCEFORCITYLIFEISSHECANHAVEEASYACCESSTOPLACESLIKESHOPSANDRESTAURANTS（10上海36）ATHATBHOWCWHATDWHY43IPREFERSHUTTINGMYSELFINANDLISTENINGTOMUSICALLDAYONSUNDAYSTHATS_IDONTAGREEYOUSHOULDHAVEAMOREACTIVELIFE（10江苏35）AWHEREBHOWCWHENDWHAT44PARTOFTHEREASONCHARLESDICKENSLOVEDHISOWNNOVEL,DAVIDCOPPERFIELD,WAS_ITWASRATHERCLOSELYMODELEDONHISOWNLIFE（10北京32）AWHATBTHATCWHYDWHETHER四、同位语从句45_ISNOPOSSIBILITY_BOBCANWINTHEFIRSTPRIZEINTHEMATCH2001ATHERETHATBITTHATCTHEREWHETHERDITWHETHER46THEREISMUCHCHANCEBILLWILLRECOVERFROMHISINJURYINTIMEFORTHERACE（06天津）ATHATBWHICHCUNTILDIF47ISTHEREANYPOSSIBILITY_YOUCOULDPICKMEUPATTHEAIRPORT09浙江12NOPROBLEMAWHENBTHATCWHETHERDWHAT48THEREISANEWPROBLEMINVOLVEDINTHEPOPULARITYOFPRIVATECARS_ROADCONDITIONSNEED_2003上海ATHATTOBEIMPROVEDBWHICHTOBEIMPROVEDCWHEREIMPROVINGDWHENIMPROVING