




已阅读5页,还剩7页未读, 继续免费阅读
版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂莂芅蚂肄膅薄螁螄莁蒀螀袆膃莆螀肈荿莂蝿膁节蚀螈袀肄薆螇羃芀蒂螆肅肃莈螅螅芈芄袄袇肁薃袄罿芇葿袃膂聿蒅袂袁莅莁袁羄膈虿袀肆莃薅衿膈膆蒁羈袈莁莇薅羀膄芃薄肂莀薂薃螂膃薈薂羄蒈蒄薁肇芁莀薁腿肄虿薀衿艿薅蕿羁肂蒁蚈肃芇莇蚇螃肀芃蚆袅芆蚁蚅肈膈薇蚅膀莄蒃蚄袀膇荿蚃羂螅蚈膅蒇薈羆膄膆螃袂膃艿薆螈膂蒁袁螄膁薃蚄肃膀芃蒇罿膀莅蚃袅腿蒈蒅螁芈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羆芆莂虿羂芅薄蒂袈芄芄螇螃芄莆薀肂芃葿螆羈节薁蕿袄莁芁螄螀羈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂肅羆芅薅羁羅莇袁袇羄葿蚃螃羃薂蒆肁羂芁蚂羇肂莄蒅袃肁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿莈蚈肄肈蒀薁羀肇薃螇袆肆节蕿螂肆莅螅蚈膅蒇薈羆膄膆螃袂膃艿薆螈膂蒁袁螄膁薃蚄肃膀芃蒇罿膀莅蚃袅腿蒈蒅螁芈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羆芆莂虿羂芅薄蒂袈芄芄螇螃芄莆薀肂芃葿螆羈节薁蕿袄莁芁螄螀羈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂肅羆芅薅羁羅莇袁袇羄葿蚃螃羃薂蒆肁羂芁蚂羇肂莄蒅袃肁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿莈蚈肄肈蒀薁羀肇薃螇袆肆节蕿螂肆莅螅蚈膅蒇薈羆膄膆螃袂膃艿薆螈膂蒁袁螄膁薃蚄肃膀芃蒇罿膀莅蚃袅腿蒈蒅螁芈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羆芆莂虿羂芅薄蒂袈芄芄螇螃芄莆薀肂芃葿螆羈节薁蕿袄莁芁螄螀羈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂肅羆芅薅羁羅莇袁袇羄葿蚃螃羃薂蒆肁羂芁蚂羇肂莄蒅袃肁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿莈蚈肄肈蒀薁羀肇薃螇袆肆节蕿螂肆莅螅蚈膅蒇薈羆膄膆螃袂膃艿薆螈膂蒁袁螄膁薃蚄肃膀芃蒇罿膀莅蚃袅腿蒈蒅螁芈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羆芆莂虿羂芅薄蒂袈芄芄螇1、外文原文(复印件)AFUNDAMENTALSOFSINGLECHIPMICROCOMPUTERTHESINGLECHIPMICROCOMPUTERISTHECULMINATIONOFBOTHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHEDIGITALCOMPUTERANDTHEINTEGRATEDCIRCUITARGUABLYTHETOWMOSTSIGNIFICANTINVENTIONSOFTHE20THCENTURY1THESETOWTYPESOFARCHITECTUREAREFOUNDINSINGLECHIPMICROCOMPUTERSOMEEMPLOYTHESPLITPROGRAM/DATAMEMORYOFTHEHARVARDARCHITECTURE,SHOWNINFIG35A1,OTHERSFOLLOWTHEPHILOSOPHY,WIDELYADAPTEDFORGENERALPURPOSECOMPUTERSANDMICROPROCESSORS,OFMAKINGNOLOGICALDISTINCTIONBETWEENPROGRAMANDDATAMEMORYASINTHEPRINCETONARCHITECTURE,SHOWNINFIG35A2INGENERALTERMSASINGLECHIPMICROCOMPUTERISCHARACTERIZEDBYTHEINCORPORATIONOFALLTHEUNITSOFACOMPUTERINTOASINGLEDEVICE,ASSHOWNINFIG35A3FIG35A1AHARVARDTYPEPROGRAMMEMORYDATAMEMORYCPUINPUTTHERECANSTILLBEASIGNIFICANTSAVINGINI/OANDOTHERCHIPSCOMPAREDTOACONVENTIONALMICROPROCESSORBASEDCIRCUITMOREEXACTREPLACEMENTFORROMDEVICESCANBEOBTAINEDINTHEFORMOFVARIANTSWITHPIGGYBACKEPROMERASABLEPROGRAMMABLEROMSOCKETSORDEVICESWITHEPROMINSTEADOFROM。THESEDEVICESARENATURALLYMOREEXPENSIVETHANEQUIVALENTROMDEVICE,BUTDOPROVIDECOMPLETECIRCUITEQUIVALENTSEPROMBASEDDEVICESAREALSOEXTREMELYATTRACTIVEFORLOWVOLUMEAPPLICATIONSWHERETHEYPROVIDETHEADVANTAGESOFASINGLECHIPDEVICE,INTERMSOFONCHIPI/O,ETC,WITHTHECONVENIENCEOFFLEXIBLEUSERPROGRAMMABILITYRANDOMACCESSMEMORYRAMRAMISFORTHESTORAGEOFWORKINGVARIABLESANDDATAUSEDDURINGPROGRAMEXECUTIONTHESIZEOFTHISMEMORYVARIESWITHDEVICETYPEBUTITHASTHESAMECHARACTERISTICWIDTH4,8,16BITSETCASTHEPROCESSOR,SPECIALFUNCTIONREGISTERS,SUCHASSTACKPOINTERORTIMERREGISTERAREOFTENLOGICALLYINCORPORATEDINTOTHERAMAREAITISALSOCOMMONINHARARDTYPEMICROCOMPUTERSTOTREATTHERAMAREAASACOLLECTIONOFREGISTERITISUNNECESSARYTOMAKEDISTINCTIONBETWEENRAMANDPROCESSORREGISTERASISDONEINTHECASEOFAMICROPROCESSORSYSTEMSINCERAMANDREGISTERSARENOTUSUALLYPHYSICALLYSEPARATEDINAMICROCOMPUTERCENTRALPROCESSINGUNITCPUTHECPUISMUCHLIKETHATOFANYMICROPROCESSORMANYAPPLICATIONSOFMICROCOMPUTERSANDMICROCONTROLLERSINVOLVETHEHANDLINGOFBINARYCODEDDECIMALBCDDATAFORNUMERICALDISPLAYS,FOREXAMPLE,HENCEITISCOMMONTOFINDTHATTHECPUISWELLADAPTEDTOHANDLINGTHISTYPEOFDATAITISALSOCOMMONTOFINDGOODFACILITIESFORTESTING,SETTINGANDRESETTINGINDIVIDUALBITSOFMEMORYORI/OSINCEMANYCONTROLLERAPPLICATIONSINVOLVETHETURNINGONANDOFFOFSINGLEOUTPUTLINESORTHEREADINGTHESINGLELINETHESELINESAREREADILYINTERFACEDTOTWOSTATEDEVICESSUCHASSWITCHES,THERMOSTATS,SOLIDSTATERELAYS,VALVES,MOTOR,ETCPARALLELINPUT/OUTPUTPARALLELINPUTANDOUTPUTSCHEMESVARYSOMEWHATINDIFFERENTMICROCOMPUTERINMOSTAMECHANISMISPROVIDEDTOATLEASTALLOWSOMEFLEXIBILITYOFCHOOSINGWHICHPINSAREOUTPUTSANDWHICHAREINPUTSTHISMAYAPPLYTOALLORSOMEOFTHEPORTSSOMEI/OLINESARESUITABLEFORDIRECTINTERFACINGTO,FOREXAMPLE,FLUORESCENTDISPLAYS,ORCANPROVIDESUFFICIENTCURRENTTOMAKEINTERFACINGOTHERCOMPONENTSSTRAIGHTFORWARDSOMEDEVICESALLOWANI/OPORTTOBECONFIGUREDASASYSTEMBUSTOALLOWOFFCHIPMEMORYANDI/OEXPANSIONTHISFACILITYISPOTENTIALLYUSEFULASAPRODUCTRANGEDEVELOPS,SINCESUCCESSIVEENHANCEMENTSMAYBECOMETOOBIGFORONCHIPMEMORYANDITISUNDESIRABLENOTTOBUILDONTHEEXISTINGSOFTWAREBASESERIALINPUT/OUTPUTSERIALCOMMUNICATIONWITHTERMINALDEVICESISCOMMONMEANSOFPROVIDINGALINKUSINGASMALLNUMBEROFLINESTHISSORTOFCOMMUNICATIONCANALSOBEEXPLOITEDFORINTERFACINGSPECIALFUNCTIONCHIPSORLINKINGSEVERALMICROCOMPUTERSTOGETHERBOTHTHECOMMONASYNCHRONOUSSYNCHRONOUSCOMMUNICATIONSCHEMESREQUIREPROTOCOLSTHATPROVIDEFRAMINGSTARTANDSTOPINFORMATIONTHISCANBEIMPLEMENTEDASAHARDWAREFACILITYORUSARTUNIVERSALSYNCHRONOUSASYNCHRONOUSRECEIVER/TRANSMITTERRELIEVINGTHEPROCESSORANDTHEAPPLICATIONSPROGRAMMEROFTHISLOWLEVEL,TIMECONSUMING,DETAILTISMERELYNECESSARYTOSELECTEDABAUDRATEANDPOSSIBLYOTHEROPTIONSNUMBEROFSTOPBITS,PARITY,ETCANDLOADORREADFROMTHESERIALTRANSMITTERORRECEIVERBUFFERSERIALIZATIONOFTHEDATAINTHEAPPROPRIATEFORMATISTHENHANDLEDBYTHEHARDWARECIRCUITTIMING/COUNTERFACILITIESMANYAPPLICATIONOFSINGLECHIPMICROCOMPUTERSREQUIREACCURATEEVALUATIONOFELAPSEDREALTIMETHISCANBEDETERMINEDBYCAREFULASSESSMENTOFTHEEXECUTIONTIMEOFEACHBRANCHINAPROGRAMBUTTHISRAPIDLYBECOMESINEFFICIENTFORALLBUTSIMPLESTPROGRAMSTHEPREFERREDAPPROACHISTOUSETIMERCIRCUITTHATCANINDEPENDENTLYCOUNTPRECISETIMEINCREMENTSANDGENERATEANINTERRUPTAFTERAPRESETTIMEHASELAPSEDTHISTYPEOFTIMERISUSUALLYARRANGEDTOBERELOADABLEWITHTHEREQUIREDCOUNTTHETIMERTHENDECREMENTSTHISVALUEPRODUCINGANINTERRUPTORSETTINGAFLAGWHENTHECOUNTERREACHESZEROBETTERTIMERSTHENHAVETHEABILITYTOAUTOMATICALLYRELOADTHEINITIALCOUNTVALUETHISRELIEVESTHEPROGRAMMEROFTHERESPONSIBILITYOFRELOADINGTHECOUNTERANDASSESSINGELAPSEDTIMEBEFORETHETIMERRESTARTED,WHICHOTHERWISEWOUNDBENECESSARYIFCONTINUOUSPRECISELYTIMEDINTERRUPTSWEREREQUIREDASINACLOCK,FOREXAMPLESOMETIMESASSOCIATEDWITHTIMERISANEVENTCOUNTERWITHTHISFACILITYTHEREISUSUALLYASPECIALINPUTPIN,THATCANDRIVETHECOUNTERDIRECTLYTIMINGCOMPONENTSTHECLOCKCIRCUITRYOFMOSTMICROCOMPUTERSREQUIRESONLYSIMPLETIMINGCOMPONENTSIFMAXIMUMPERFORMANCEISREQUIRED,ACRYSTALMUSTBEUSEDTOENSURETHEMAXIMUMCLOCKFREQUENCYISAPPROACHEDBUTNOTEXCEEDEDMANYCLOCKCIRCUITSALSOWORKWITHARESISTORANDCAPACITORASLOWCOSTTIMINGCOMPONENTSORCANBEDRIVENFROMANEXTERNALSOURCETHISLATTERARRANGEMENTISUSEFULISEXTERNALSYNCHRONIZATIONOFTHEMICROCOMPUTERISREQUIREDWORDSANDTERMSCULMINATIONN顶点SPILTADJ分离的VOLATILEN易变的COMMITV保证ALBEITCONJ虽然CUSTOMADJ定制的VARIANTADJ不同的PIGGYBACKADJ背负式的SOCKETN插座BPLC1PLCSPROGRAMMABLELOGICALCONTROLLERFACEEVERMORECOMPLEXCHALLENGESTHESEDAYSWHEREONCETHEYQUIETLYREPLACEDRELAYSANDGAVEANOCCASIONALREPORTTOACORPORATEMAINFRAME,THEYARENOWGROUPEDINTOCELLS,GIVENNEWJOBANDNEWLANGUAGES,ANDAREFORCEDTOCOMPETEAGAINSTAGROWINGARRAYOFCONTROLPRODUCTSFORTHISYEARSANNUALPLCTECHNOLOGYUPDATE,WEQUERIEDPLCMAKERSONTHESETOPICSANDMOREPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGESHIGHERLEVELPLCPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGESHAVEBEENAROUNDFORSOMETIME,BUTLATELYTHEIRPOPULARITYHASMUSHROOMING“ASRAYMONDLEVEILLE,VICEPRESIDENTPROGRAMMABLECONTROLSAREBEINGUSEDFORMOREANDMORESOPHISTICATEDOPERATIONS,LANGUAGESOTHERTHANLADDERLOGICBECOMEMOREPRACTICAL,EFFICIENT,ANDPOWERFULFOREXAMPLE,ITSVERYDIFFICULTTOWRITEATRIGONOMETRICFUNCTIONUSINGLADDERLOGIC“LANGUAGESGAININGACCEPTANCEINCLUDEBOOLEAN,CONTROLSYSTEMFLOWCHARTING,ANDSUCHFUNCTIONCHARTLANGUAGESASGRAPHCETANDITSVARIATIONANDTHERESINCREASINGINTERESTINLANGUAGESLIKECANDBASICPLCSINPROCESSCONTROLTHUSFAR,PLCSHAVENOTBEENUSEDEXTENSIVELYFORCONTINUOUSPROCESSCONTROLWILLTHISCONTINUE“THEFEELINGTHATIVEGOTTEN,“SAYSKENJANNOTTA,MANGER,PRODUCTPLANNING,SERIESONEANDSERIESSIXPRODUCT,ATGEFANUCNORTHAMERICA,ISTHATPLCSWILLBEUSEDINTHEPROCESSINDUSTRYBUTNOTNECESSARILYFORPROCESSCONTROL“SEVERALVENDORSOBVIOUSLYBETTINGTHATTHEOPPOSITEWILLHAPPENHAVEINTRODUCEDPLCSOPTIMIZEDFORPROCESSAPPLICATIONRICHRYAN,MANGER,COMMERCIALMARKETING,ALLENBRADLEYPROGRAMMABLECONTROLSDIV,CITESPLCSSINCREASINGUSESUCHINDUSTRIESASFOOD,CHEMICALS,ANDPETROLEUMRYANFEELSTHEREARETWOTYPESOFAPPLICATIONSINWHICHTHEYREAPPROPRIATE“ONE,“HESAYS,“ISWHERETHESIZEOFTHEPROCESSCONTROLSYSTEMTHATSBEINGAUTOMATEDDOESNTJUSTIFYDCSDISTRIBUTEDCONTROLSYSTEMWITHTHESTARTINGPRICETAGSOFCHOSEPRODUCTSBEINGRELATIVELYHIGH,APROGRAMMABLECONTROLLERMAKESSENSEFORSMALL,LOWLOOPCOUNTAPPLICATIONTHESECONDISWHEREYOUHAVETOINTEGRATETHELOOPCLOSELYWITHTHESEQUENTIALLOGICALBATCHCONTROLLERSAREPRIMEEXAMPLE,WHERETHESEQUENCEANDMAINTAININGTHEPROCESSVARIABLEAREINTERTWINEDSOCLOSELYTHATTHEBENEFITSOFHAVINGAPROGRAMMABLECONTROLLERTODOTHESEQUENTIALLOGICALOUTWEIGHSSOMEOFTHEDISADVANTAGESOFNOTHAVINGADISTRIBUTEDCONTROLSYSTEM“BILLBARKOVITZ,PRESIDENTOFTRICONEX,PREDICTSTHAT“ALLFUTURECONTROLLERSTHATCOMEOUTINTHEPROCESSCONTROLSYSTEMBUSINESSWILLEMBRACEALOTOFMOREPLCTECHNOLOGYANDALOTMOREPLCFUNCTIONALITYTHANTHEYEVERDIDBEFORE“COMMUNICATIONSANDMAPCOMMUNICATIONSAREVITALTOANINDIVIDUALAUTOMATIONCELLANDTOBEAUTOMATEDFACTORYASAWHOLEWEVEHEARDALOTABOUTMAPINTHELASTFEWYEARS,ANDALOTOFCOMPANIESHAVEJUMPEDONTHEBANDWAGON2MANY,HOWEVER,WEREDISAPPOINTEDWHENAFULLYDEFINEDANDCOMPLETEDMAPSPECIFICATIONDIDNTAPPEARIMMEDIATELYSAYSLARRYKOMAREK“RIGHTNOW,MAPISSTILLAMOVINGTARGETFORTHEMANUFACTURERS,ASPECIFICATIONTHATISNOTFINALPRESENTLY,FOREXAMPLEPEOPLEAREINTRODUCINGPRODUCTSTOMEETTHEMAP21STANDARDYET21BASEDPRODUCTSWILLBEOBSOLETEWHENTHENEWSTANDARDFORMAP30ISINTRODUCED“BECAUSEOFTHIS,MANYPLCVENDORSAREHOLDINGOFFONFULLMAPIMPLEMENTATIONSOMRON,FOREXAMPLE,HASANONGOINGMAPCOMPATIBILITYPROGRAM3BUTFRANKNEWBURN,VICEPRESIDENTOFOMRONSINDUSTRIALDIVISION,REPORTSTHATBECAUSEOFTHELACKOFAFIRMDEFINITION,OMRONSPLCSDONTYETTALKTOMAPSINCEITSUNLIKELYTHATANINDIVIDUALPLCWOULDTALKTOBROADMAPANYWAY,MAKERSARECONCENTRATINGONPROPRIETARYNETWORKSACCORDINGTOSALPROVANZANO,USERSFEARTHATIFTHEYDOGETONBOARDANDVENDORSWITHDRAWFROMMAP,THEYLLBETHEONESLEFTHOLDINGACOMMUNICATIONSSTRUCTURETHATSNOTSUPPORTEDUNIVERSALI/OWHILETHEREARECONCERNSABOUTTHELACKOFCOMPATIBLECOMMUNICATIONSBETWEENPLCSFROMDIFFERENTVENDORS,THECONNECTIONATTHEOTHERENDTHEI/OISEVENMOREFRAGMENTEDWITHRAREEXCEPTIONS,I/OISSTILLPROPRIETARYYETTHEREARETHOSEWHOFEELTHATI/OWILLEVENTUALLYBECOMEMOREUNIVERSALGEFANUCISHOPINGTODOTHATWITHITSGENIUSSMARTI/OLINETHEINDEPENDENTI/OMAKERSAREPULLINGINTHESAMEDIRECTIONMANYSAYTHATI/OISSUCHAHIGHVALUEITEMTHATPLCMAKERSWILLALWAYSWANTTOKEEPITPROPRIETARYASKENJANNOTTA,SAYS“THEI/OISGOINGTOBEADISPROPORTIONATEAMOUNTOFTHEHARDWARESALECERTAINLYEACHPLCVENDORISGOINGTOTRYTOPROTECTTHAT“FORTHATREASON,HESAYS,PLCMAKERSWONTBEGINSELLINGUNIVERSALI/OSYSTEMFROMOTHERVENDOR“IFWESTARTSELLINGTHATKINDOFPRODUCT,“SAYSJANNOTTA,“WHATDOWEMANUFACTURE“WITHMOREINTELLIGENTI/OAPPEARING,SALPROVANZANOFEELSTHISWILLLEADTOMOREDIFFERENTIATIONAMONGI/OFROMDIFFERENTMAKERS“WHERET
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 二零二五年度国际工程项目管理合同(中英文对照)
- 二零二五年度绿色节能电脑采购与节能改造合同
- 二零二五年度出租车安全驾驶责任承包合同
- 二零二五版股东增资扩股协议书范本与执行要求
- 二零二五年度商务写字楼租赁合同范本10份
- 2025版城市绿化带拆除与重建施工合同
- 二零二五版建筑企业工程分包与挂靠联合合同范本
- 二零二五年度大学生创业园入驻资格授权合同
- 二零二五年中小企业股权融资协议
- 2025版井筒工程技术服务与地质勘察及设备维护合同
- 儿科学川崎病说课
- DB22T 2254-2015 退化羊草草地改良技术规程
- 《初中七年级《道德与法治》教材的新变化研究》
- 电力交易员培训课件
- 航天航空科普知识单选题100道及答案解析
- 化妆造型全套课件
- 电竞比赛规则与裁判执行标准
- 新版中国食物成分表
- GB/T 15843.2-2024网络安全技术实体鉴别第2部分:采用鉴别式加密的机制
- 煤矿整合关闭风险评估方案
- 七年级上学期有理数训练题
评论
0/150
提交评论