非谓语动词---现在分词.pptx

1、Welcome to our class！,非谓语动词，不是做谓语的动词。当句中已经有了谓语动词，并且句中没有连词时，需要用非谓语动词了。 The girl is Mary. If I am given more time, I ll catch up with you. The girl dancing in the hall is Mary. Given more time, Ill catch up with you.,主语,系(谓语),表语,非谓语动词（定）,非谓语动词（状语）,连词,主语,谓语,宾,谓语,Analyze the sentence：划分句子结构,观察下列例句, 找出非谓

2、语动词, 并且判断做 什么成分 ( ) 1. Asked why he did it, he said it was his duty. 2. Being ill, he didnt go to school. ( ) 3. Working hard,you will do well in your exams. ( ) 4.His parents died in the war, leaving him an orphan ( ) 5.They went into the room, laughing and talking. ( ) 6. To make much progress in

3、English, he studies hard. ( ),原因状语,条件状语,结果状语,伴随状语,目的状语,时间状语,定义：在句子中不是谓语动词叫做非谓语动词.在句中可起名词,形容词,副词的作用,在句中充当主语,宾语,表语,补语,定语或状语.即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分 形式：它有三种形式：不定式(to do)，分词（现在分词doing、过去分词done），动名词 (doing),非谓语动词（非限定动词）,（二）动名词： 动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。 1动名词的形式： （1）一般式：Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。

4、（2）被动式： He came to the party without being invited他未被邀请就来到了晚会。 （3）完成式： We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。 （4）完成被动式： He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。,（5）否定式：not + 动名词 I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。 （6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+ 动

5、名词 He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。 His not knowing English troubled him a lot. 他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。,2动名词的句法功能,（1）作主语： Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。 Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。 当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语 Its no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的. Working in a company is my wish. hosi

6、ng what to eat is no longer as easy as it once was.,（2）作表语： 1 In the ant city, the queens job is laying eggs. 在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。,2 A good way of saying “I am full ”is moving the hand in circles over the stomach after a meal. 3 My job is teaching you English.,（3）作宾语： They havent finished building the da

7、m. 他们还没有建好大坝。 We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我们必须阻止空气被污染。 注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。此外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it，例如： We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。,I prefer watching TV and playing computer games. 要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语： enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid（避免）, excus

8、e ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承认），deny（否认）, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒险）, appreciate（感激）, be busy, be worth, feel like, cant stand, cant help（情不自禁地）, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent(from),keep from, stop（from）,protectfrom, set about, be engaged in, spend(in), suc

9、ceed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like,现在分词和过去分词的区别,1.语态上不同,an exciting story /an excited person a moving film /a moved audience a leading cadre /an unknown hero a tiring journey /a tired football player,分词在句中作表语、定语、状语、宾补。,2.时间关系上不同,developing countri

10、es/developed countries the changing world /the changed world boiling water /boiled water the falling leaves /the fallen leaves,注意： .to do 和 doing 作主语和表语用法相同。表示泛指意义的行为时多用动名词（也可用to do） 但表示具体的行为（特别是将来的行为）时，必须用to do。 主语和表语都是非谓语动词时，两者在形式上应该一致。,Seeing is believing 。/To see is to believe。 His hobby is coll

11、ecting stamps。 Her wish is to become a singer。,二. 非谓语动词做状语 的解题方法,（一）析句子结构,辨别“谓语与非谓语”,_many times , but he still couldnt understand it .,2. _many times , he still couldnt understand it .,A. Having been told B. Being told C. He had been told D.Though he was told,C,A,注意连词,非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行

12、者就叫做逻辑主语。,（二）找逻辑主语,1. They went into the room, laughing and talking. 2. Given more time, I can do better.,一般来说，作状语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的 _.,主语,1. _ from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest. A. Seeing B. Seen 2. _ from the space, the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall. A. Seeing B. Seen,the s

13、tadium,the astronaut,Seen,Seeing,1. _ different cultures, we often pay attention to the differences without noticing the mainly similarities. 2. _ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compared B. Comparing C. To compare,Comparing,we,the biggest ocean,We co

14、mpare the biggest ocean with/to the size of the whole ocean. = The biggest ocean is compared with/to the size of the whole earth.,（三）辨逻辑关系,即判断主被动,Compared,（四）判动词先后,_ the old man, the young people started walking slowly. Followed B. Following C. To follow D. Having followed 2. _ the fruit, the girl b

15、ecame pregnant and gave a birth to a handsome boy. Having swallowed B. Swallowing C. To swallow,Following,Having swallowed,三.非谓语动词做状语 高考易混点,2. doing 做伴随状语和to do 做目的状语 1). The secretary worked late into night, _a long speech. ( prepare ) The secretary worked late into night _ a long speech.,preparing

16、,to prepare,1. (thus) doing 做结果状语 1.His parents died, _ him an orphan. A. left B. leaving C. leave D. to leave,3. taste, feel ,smell ,taste，为感官动词，常用现在分词做定语或状语。没有被动语态。 1._delicious, the apples sells well. A. Tasted B. Tasting C. To taste D. Having been tasted,4. 非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与 主句主语保持一致. 1）. Fac

17、ed with a bill for $10,000，_. （2006陕西卷） A. John has taken an extra job B. the boss has given John an extra job C. an extra job has been taken D. an extra job has been given to John 2). While watching television，_. （2005全国卷III） A. the door bell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring

18、 D. we heard the doorbell rings,watching,Faced with,将下列状语从句改为非谓语 短语作状语： 1). Because she was moved by the hero, she decided to study harder.,2). When he found the door locked, he went home.,3).He started early in order that he could get there on time.,听到你成功戒烟了我非常高兴。面的着巨大的压力，很多人用吸烟来放松自己。吸烟不仅危害了我们的健康，而且对那些不吸烟的人也造成了伤害。意识到吸烟的潜在危害性，现在越来越多的人开始重视他们的身体健康。,Translate a short paragraph. (Firstly, translate it by yourselves. Youd better use the sentence patterns we have learnt this class. Then discuss with your partners if necessary.),听到你