时态终结训练

1、青岛明天中学 高二英语学案班级： 姓名： 编写： 耿明利 审核： 黄敬 日期：2013.12Step1 、现在完成时的用法 （1） 现在完成时的用法1：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此时，常与时间副词already（已经） ，yet（还、已经） ，just(刚刚、仅仅) ，ever（曾经） ，never（从不） ，before（以前）等连用。这几个副词的用法如下： 1 already意为“已经”，通常用于肯定句中，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可以放在句末。实例： 1）Ive already read this book. 我已经读过这本书了。 （“读”这一动作发

2、生在过去，对现在造成的影响是“知道书中的内容”。） 2）Ive washed my clothes already我已经洗了衣服。 （洗衣服的动作已完成，其结果是“衣服冼干净了”。） 注意：在表示吃惊或明知故问等感情色彩时，already也可用于（口语）疑问句中。实例： 3）Have you met him already ？你（真的）已经见过他了？ 2yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”，用在否定句中意为“还”，常放在句末。实例： 1）Has he found his watch yet ？他已经找到他的手表了吗？ No，not yet不，还没有。 2）The woman hasnt found

3、her dog yet 那位妇女还没有找到她的狗。（没找到狗，心里着急，这就是对现在的影响） 3just意为“刚刚”，表示行为刚刚过去，常放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例： He has just come back from school 他刚从学校回来。 4ever意为“曾经”，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例： 1）Have you ever been to Hong Kong ？你曾去过香港吗？ 2）I havent ever spoken to her我未曾和她说过话。 5never意为“从来没有”常与before连用（before要放在句尾，而never多放在助动

4、词与过去分词之间。实例： I have never travelled by plane before我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。 6before意为“以前”，指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放在句末，不受句型的限制。实例： 1）Have you been to Hainan before ？你以前去过海南吗？ 2）I havent eaten Guangdong food before我以前没吃过广东菜。 （2） 现在完成时用法二2持续性用法(肯定句，疑问句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词）：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。此时常与“for 一段时间或“since过去的点时间或从句（从句用一

5、般过去时）以及so far（到目前为止）等时间状语连用。for + 段时间 或 since +点时间 实例： 1）Ive lived here since 1990自从1990年以来我就住在这里。 = Ive lived here since 13 years ago.= Ive lived here for 13 years. = It is 13 years since I began to live here.2）I havent seen him for three years 我三年没有看见他了。 = I havent seen him since three years ago =

6、 I havent seen him since 2000. = It is 3 years since I saw him last time.3）Mr Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city 自从到这个城市以来，王先生一直在这家工厂工作。 4）Shes been at this school since five years ago 自从五年前以来她就在这个学校。 注意：在这类句子的肯定句和疑问句中谓语动词必须用延续性动词。短暂性动词由于动作不能持续，故不能与for(达到；累计)或since（自从。到现在）引出的时间

7、状语连用。 对for和since引导的时间状语提问要用How long1） 他入团两年了。 误：He has joined the League for two years （为什么：join是延续性/短暂性动词）正：He has been a League member for two years 2）我买这辆自行车三年了。 误：I have bought this bike for three years （为什么：buy是延续性/短暂性动词）正：I have had this bike for three years 2） 部分短暂性动词与之对应的延续性动词（见后面P4）：一、现在完成时

8、的构成 （一）肯定式 : 主语助动词have has 过去分词其它 说明：这里的have has是助动词，没有什么具体意义。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用has，其余人称一律用have。 has，have的缩略式分别为s或ve。规则动词过去分词的构成与过去式的构成方式一样，不规则动词可参看不规则动词表。实例： 1）Ive just copied all the new words 我刚抄写了所有的生词。 (表示不要再抄了)2）She has lost her books 她丢失了她的书。 （表示到目前为止还没有找到）(注意：如果用过去时：She lost her books . 则强调书是过去

9、丢的这一动作，而不知现在有没有找到，现在完成时强调对现在造成的影响)3） Weve just cleaned the classroom 我们刚好打扫了教室。（表明现在教室是干净的） （二）否定式 ： 主语助动词have hasnot过去分词其它 说明：现在完成时构成否定句时，只需在助动词have has后面加not就行。have not，has not的缩略式分别为havent ，hasnt。另外，肯定句中有some，already时，改为否定时要分别改成any，yet。实例： 1）I havent finished my homework yet我还没有完成我的作业。 2）She hasn

10、t travelled on a train 她没有坐火车旅行过。 3）We have never spoken to a foreigner我们从来没有和外国人说过话。 注：有时not可以用never代替，表示“从来没有”的意思。又如： 4）I have never seen him before以前我从来没有见过他。 （三）一般疑问式： 助动词Have Has 主语过去分词其它 ？说明：把陈述句中的have或has放到句首，句末打问号，同时把句中的some ，already改为any ，ye t就构成了一般疑问句。肯定回答用“Yes ，主语havehas否定回答用“No，主语haventh

11、asnt”有时也可以用“No，not yetNo ，neverNo，not even once”等。实例： 1）Have you ever made dumplings ？你曾经做过饺子吗？ Yes ，I have 是的，我做过。 2）Has she ever been abroad ？她曾经出过国吗？ No，never不，从来没有。 3）Have they found the lost books yet ？他们已经找到了丢失的书吗？ Yes ，they have是的，他们找到了。 注意：当句中有否定词not ，hardly（几乎不），never的时候，在改为反意疑问句时，附加部分用肯定形式

12、。例如：You have never come to our school ，have you ？你以前从来没有来过我们学校，是吗？ Step 2 现在完成时与一般过去式的区别有人可能会问：一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的动作都发生在过去，那么这两种时态有什么区别呢？ 答：一般过去时与具体的表示过去时间状语连用（如：yesterday）；强调动作在过去发生，与现在无关。 现在完成时与自已的特征词连用，强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响或过去开始发生一直持续到现在的动作。例： He saw the film last night. (过去时，表示他昨晚看过那部电影了，现在不知还要不要再看一次)He h

13、as (ever) seen the film before.（现在完成时，表时他已看过那部电影，现在不想再看了）Step 3巩固练习： I按要求转换下列各句，每空一词。 1、He has already finished his homework（改为否定句） He _ finished his homework _ 2They have found the lost books already（改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答） _ they _ the lost books _？No，they_ 3Julia has not got home from school yet（改为肯定句） J

14、ulia _ _ _ home from school 4You have never been to Shanghai before，_ _ ？（改为反意疑问句） 5. Hes gone to Beijing, _ _?（改为反意疑问句）6Mr Wang began to teach English in this school in 1999（改为同义句） Mr Wang _ _ English in this school since 1999 7. He hasnt left home for 3 days.(同义句)He _ _ _ home for 3 days.8. They h

15、ave lived here since 3 years ago. (对划线提问)II选择正确答案。 ( )1Who is Mary ？ _？I saw you talking with her at the meeting ADont you meet her yet BDidnt you met her yet CHavent you met her yet DHadnt you met her yet ( )2How do you like Beijing ，Mr Black？ Oh ，I _ such a beautiful city Adont visit Bdidnt visit

16、Chavent visited Dhadnt visited ( )3The old people _ lonely at all since we began to visit them once a week Adont feelBhasnt felt Chavent felt D.didnt feel ( ) 4We have lived here _ five years ago Awhen Bsince Cbefore Dafter 11.11 用于现在完成时的句型 1）It is the first / second time. that结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。 It is

17、 the first time that I have visited the city.(翻译：这是我第一次参观这座城市) It was the third time that the boy had been late.（如果is变为was，现完要改成过去完成时）2）This is the that结构，that 从句要用现在完成时. This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。（the 加最高级） This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。典型

18、例题(1) -Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I _ here.A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。(2) -Have you _ been to our town before? -No, its the first time I _ here.A. even, come B. even, have comeC. ever, come D. ever, have come 答

19、案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。（错）I have received his letter for a month.（对）I havent received his letter for almost a month. 非延续性动词不能直接和for 或since 连用，但我们可

20、以找一个相应的延续性动词或动词短语来替换这些非延续性动词，如: comebe, come tobe in / at, go out be out, leavebe away, begin / startbe on, stop be over，buy have, borrow keep, openbe open, closebe closed, joinbe a member of, diebe dead, catch a coldhave a cold, get to knowknow, become a teacher be a teacher, fall asleepbe asleep,

21、fall ill be ill等。 句型It is the first （second, third.) time that.的that从句中， 谓语动词须用现在完成时，表示到说话时为止动作发生过几次。如：It is the first time that I have been here. 点睛 have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法 1. have(has) been in 意为“已经在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。如： Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生

22、来上海已经有三天了。 They have been in Canada for five years. 他们到加拿大有五年了。 2. have(has) been to意为“曾经去过某地”，表示现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用。如： Ive just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。 Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗？ Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。 3. have(has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某

23、地几次。如： Ive been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。 They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。 4. have(has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。 总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。如： Where is Tom? 汤姆在哪里？ He has gone to the bookshop.他到书店去了。 Step4 现在完成进行时的用法一、现在完成进行的基本用法1. 现在完成进行时表示现在以前这一段时间

24、里一直在进行的动作，这动作可能仍在进行，也可能已停止。如：It has been raining since last Sunday. 自上周星期日以来就一直在下雨。Hes been watching television all day. 他看了一天电视了。2. 现在完成进行时有时表示根据直接或间接的证据得出的结论。如：She is very tired. Shes been typing letters all day. 她很累了，她整天都在打信件。Her eyes are red. She has been crying. 她眼睛红了，她一直在哭。Step 5 现在完成进行时与现在完成时

25、的区别1. 现在完成时可以表示一个已经完成的动作，而现在完成进行时则表示一个正在进行的动作。如：I have read the book. 我读过这本书。I have been reading the book. 我一直在读这本书。【注】有少数动词（如work, study, live, teach, stay等）在表示持续一段时间时用这两种时态含义差不多（只是用现在完成进行时更强调动作的持续性）。如：How long have you worked been working here? 你在这儿工作多久了？Ive lived been living here since 1988. 自198

26、8年以来我就一直住在这儿。2. 现在完成时通常只陈述事实，而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感情色彩。如：I have waited for two hours. 我等了两小时。（陈述事实）I have been waiting for two hours. 我等了两个小时。（等得好辛苦）3. 现在完成进行时通常用来谈论较短暂的动作或情况，若要谈论时间延续较长的动作或情况或永久性情况，则通常用现在完成时。如：He has lived in Paris. 他（一直）住在巴黎。He has been living in Paris. 他（目前）住在巴黎。（表暂时性）4. 不用于进行时态的动词通常也不用于

27、现在完成进行时，但它们可以用于现在完成时。如：Ive only known her for two day. 我认识她刚刚两天。Theyve been married for twenty years. 他们结婚已二十年了。The war has lasted for a long time. 这场战争持续了很长时间。5. 现在完成进行时不用于被动语态，若要用可用现在完成时的被动语态代替。如：The house has been painted for a month. 这房子已漆了一个月。The problem has been studied for five days. 这个问题已研究了

28、五天。 Step 6现在完成时与现在完成进行时练习篇单选. Make the best choices.1. Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. I think so. He _ for it for months. A. is preparing B. was preparing C. had been preparing D. has been preparing2. By the time he realizes he _ into a trap, itll be too late for him to do any

29、thing about it. A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked3. So far this year we _ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen4. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _ English for a year. A. studies B

30、. studied C. is studying D. has been studying 5. Danny _ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular.A. works B. is working C. has worked D. had worked6. I have got a headache.No wonder. You_ in front of that computer too long. A. work B. are working C. have been working D. worked7. The

31、 unemployment rate in this district_ from 6% to 5% in the past two years. A. has fallen B. had fallen C. is falling D. was falling8. Now that she is out of job, Lucy _ going back to school，but she hasnt decided yet.A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider9. _ y

32、ou _ him around the museum yet? Yes. We had a great time there. A. Have ; shown B. Do ; show C. Had; shown D. Did; show10. Hi, Tracy，you look pale. I am tired. I _ the living room all day.A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have paintedStep 7现在完成时专项练习一、 单项选择1、Both his parents look sad

33、 .Maybe they _whats happened to him. A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know 2、He has _ been to Shanghai， has he ？ A. already B.never C.ever D. still3、Have you met Mr Li _？ A. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago4、Our country _ a lot so far. Yes. I hope it will be even _. A. has changed ； wel

34、l B. changed ； good C. has changed ； better D. changed ； better 5、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years. A. was ； studying B. will ； study C. has ； studied D. are ； studying 6、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl. A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew 7、Harry Potter is a very nice

35、 film .I_ it twice. A.will see B.have seen C saw D.see8、_ you _ your homework yet？ Yes . I _ it a moment ago. A. Did； do； finished B. Have； done； finishedC. Have； done； have finished D. will； do； finish9、 His father _ the Party since 1978. A.joined B.has joined C.was in D. has been in10、How long hav

36、e you _ here？ About two months.A. Been B. gone C. come D. Arrived11、 It _ ten years since he left the army.A. is B. has C. will D. Was12、Miss Green isnt in the office .she_ to the library. A.has gone B.went C.will go D. has been二、 句型转换。 1、He has never surfed， _ _？（改成反意疑问句） 2、They have been here sinc

37、e 2000. （对划线部分提问）_ _have they been here？ 3、The old man _ last year. He _ _for a year. （die）（动词填空） 4、This factory opened twenty years ago.（同义句转换） This factory _ _ _ for twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. （同义句转换）Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .

38、（同义句） Her mother _ the Party three years _ . 7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. （同义句转换） _ two years _ the Green family moved to France. 8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. （把两个句子合并成一个句子）_ 三、汉译英。1、 吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。_2、他昨天收到一封信。 _ 3、我父亲以前到过长城。 _4、 她还没有看过那部新电影。_5、她去过上海。

39、_6、他这些天上哪儿去了？_Step 8过去完成时 过去完成时(past perfect)表示在发生在过去的两个动作在前的那一个，它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。基本结构 主语+had+过去分词 1、与by, before, by the end of引导的表示过去的时间状语连用。例如：by then, by before nine oclock yesterday, by the end of last year, by the age of twenty, by the time I arrived 2、在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后用一般过去

40、时。例如：When I returned home, my guest had already left.I did not see the film because I had seen it before.3、常用于told, said, knew, heard, thought, ask等动词后的宾语从句。例如：She said (that) she had never been to Paris.He asked what I had said.Step 9现在完成时和过去完成时的区别：现在完成时强调对现在的影响或结果, 过去完成时强调对过去的影响或结果。 1. 单项选择2. What

41、 _ Jane _ by the time he was sever?A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done3. I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten。A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt4. She _lived here for _ years.A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of5. By the time my

42、parents reached home yesterday, I _ the dinner already.A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked6. She said she _ the principle alreadyA .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen7. She said her family _ themselves _ the army during the war.A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, fromC. has hidde

43、n, with D. had hidden, with8. By the time he was ten years old, he _.A. has completed university B. has completed the universityB. had completed an university D. had completed university9. She had written a number of books _ the end of last year.A. for B. in C. by D. at10. He _ to play _ before he w

44、as 11 years old.A had learned, piano B. had learned, the pianoC. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano.11. What _ Annie _ by the time he was ten?A. did, do B. did, did C. has, done D. had done12 .He _ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army.A. has worked B. works C. had worked D.

45、will work13. By the end of last week, they _ the bridge.A. has completed B. completed C. will complete D. had completed14. Ben hates playing _ violin, but he likes playing _ football.A. athe B. the the C. / the D. the/15. By the time he was 4, he _ a lot of German words.A. had learned B. has learned

46、 C. learned D. learns16 .Jim turned off the lights and then _ the classroom.A. was left B. had left C. has left D. left17.They _ in Guangzhou since 2000.A. lived B. had lived C. have lived D. were living18. The train from Beijing_ ten minutes ago.A. has arrived B. was arriving C. arrived D. had arri

47、ved19. The students _ their classroom when the visitors arrived.A . have cleaned B. had cleaned C. was cleaned D. have been cleaned20. Fergie_ the project in one hour.A. have finished B. will finish C. finishes D. has finishedStep9将来完成时讲解及练习定义: 将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。经常与before+将来时间或by+将来时间连用

48、，也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。 构成will/shall have done用于第一人称，will have done用于其他人称。 用法 1.表示在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作，并对将来某一时间产生影响。 We shall have learned 12 units by the end of this term. 到这个学期末，我们将学完12个单元。 By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom. 你到家之前我将把房子彻底打扫一遍。 2.表示推测，相当于must have done结构。 You will have heard of this, I guess. 我想你已经听说过这件事了。 I am sure he will have got the information. 我相信他一定得到了这个信息 3.表示某种状态一直持续到说话人所提及的时间 we will