常见英汉对照有机基名表

1、常见英汉对照有机基名表acetamido ch3conh 乙酰氨基 acetenyl = ethynyl chc 乙炔基acetoacetyl ch3coch2co 乙酰乙酰基；3氧丁酰基acetonyl ch3coch2 丙酮基；乙酰甲基 acetonylidene ch3coch= 亚丙酮基acetoxy ch3coo 乙酸基；乙酰氧基 acetyl ch3co 乙酰（基）acetylene chch 乙炔 =chch= 双亚乙基 acryloyl ch2=chco 丙烯酰alkoxy ro （r=烷基或烃基）烷氧基 allyl ch2=chch2 烯丙基;allyl = isoprope

2、nyl ch2=c(ch3) ;烯丙基；异丙烯基allylidene ch2=chch= 亚烯丙基 allyloxy ch2=chch2o 烯丙氧基amido h2n 严格说来此项英文名只能用来表示酰基上的氨基，但是英文常与amino混用氨基amino h2n氨基 amyl = pentyl ch3(ch2)4戊基tert-amyl = 1,1;dimethylpropyl ch3ch3c(ch3)2 特戊基azido n3 叠氮基 azo n=n 偶氮基azoxy n(o)n 氧化偶氮基 benzal = benzylidene 苯亚甲基benzamido c6h5conh 苯甲酰氨基ben

3、zenesulfinyl（参阅phenyleulfinyl）c6h5so 苯亚磺酰benzenesulfonamido c6h5so2nh 苯磺酰氨基benzenesulfonyl c6h5so2 苯磺酰benzhydryl = diphenylmethylene 二苯甲基benzhydrylidene = diphenylmethylene 二苯亚甲基benzofuryl = benzofuranyl 苯并呋喃基；氧茚基benzoxy = benzoyloxy苯甲酸基；苯甲酰氧基benzoyl c6h5co 苯甲酰benzoylene c6h5co（o、m或p）亚苯甲酰基（邻、间或对）ben

4、zoyloxy c6h5coo 苯甲酸基；苯甲酰氧基benzyl c6h5ch2 苄基；苯甲基benzylidene c6h5ch= 苯亚甲基benzylidyne c6h5c 次苄基benzyloxy c6h5ch2o苄氧基benzylthio c6h5ch2s苄硫基；苯甲硫基biphenylene c6h4c6h4 亚联苯基biphenylenebisazo n=nc6h4c6h4n=n 联苯重氮亚基biphenylylcarbonyl c6h5c6h4co 联苯羰基biphenylyloxy c6h5c6h4o 联苯氧基bromo br 溴butadienyl ch2=chch=ch 丁

5、间二烯基；1，3丁二烯基1butenyl ch3ch2ch=ch 丁烯基；1丁烯基2butenyl ch3ch=chch2 丁邻烯基；2丁烯基3butenyl ch2=ch(ch2)2 丁间烯基；3丁烯基2butenylenech2ch=chch2 1，4亚丁2烯基butenylidene ch3ch=chch= 亚丁2烯基butenylidyne ch3ch=chc 次丁2烯基butoxy ch3(ch2)2ch2o 丁氧基sec-butoxy c2h5ch(ch3)o 仲丁氧基tert-butoxy (ch3)3ch2o 叔丁氧基butyl ch3(ch2)2ch2 丁基sec-butyl

6、 c2h5ch(ch3) 仲丁基tert-butyl (ch3)3c 叔丁基butyryl ch3ch2ch2co 丁酰caproyl = hexanoyl 己酰capryl = decanoyl 癸酰capryloyl = octanoyl 辛酰carbamyl = carbamoyl h2nco 氨（基）甲酰carbomethoxy = methoxycarbonyl 甲酯基；甲氧羰基carbonyl oc= 羰基；碳酰carboxy hooc 羧基chloro cl 氯代；氯基chloroformyl clco 氯甲酰；氯羰基cinnamenyl = styryl 苯乙烯基cinnamy

7、l c6h5ch=chch2 肉桂基cresoxy = tolyloxy 甲苯氧基（邻、间或对）cresyl = ar-hydroxytoly或指tolyl 甲苯基（邻、间或对）crotonyl = crotonoyl 巴豆酰基cyano nc 氰基cyclobutyl c4h7 环丁基cycloheptyl c7h13 环庚基2,4cyclohexadienyl ch2ch=chch=chch 2，4-环己二烯基cyclohexenyl c6h9 （3种异构物）环己（邻、间、对）烯基cyclohexyl c6h11 环己基cyclopentadienyl c5h5 环戊二烯基cyclopen

8、tenyl c5h7 环戊烯基cyclopentyl c5h9 环戊基cyclopropyl c3h5 环丙基cystyl coch(nh2)ch2ssch2ch(nh2)co 胱氨基decanoyl ch3(ch2)8co 癸酰decyl ch3(ch2)8ch2 癸基diazo n=n 或 n=n= 重氮基diazoamino n=nnh 重氮亚氨基diazonium (nn) 重氮（化）dimethylamino (ch3)2n 二甲氨基diphenylmethyl (c6h5)2ch 二苯甲基dithio ss 二硫代dodecyl ch3(ch2)10ch2 十二（烷）基dotria

9、contyl ch3(ch2)30ch2 三十二（烷）基cicosyl ch3(ch2)18ch2 二十烷基epithio s 环硫；表硫；桥硫基联在已与其它原子依别种方法相联结的两个原子上epoxy o 环氧；表氧；桥氧基联在已与其它原子依别种方法相联结的两个原子上ethene=ethylene 乙烯 1，2-亚乙基ethenyl=ethylidyne或vinyl 乙烯基ethoxy c2h5o 乙氧基ethoxycarbonyl c2h5ooc 乙酯基；乙氧羰基ethoxyphenyl (c2h5o)c6h4 乙氧苯基ethyl ch3ch2 乙基ethylamino c2h5nh 乙胺基

10、ethylene ch2ch2乙烯 1，2-乙基ethylenedioxy och2ch2o 亚乙二氧基ethylidene ch3ch= 亚乙基ethylidyne ch3c 次乙基ethylthio ch3ch2s 乙硫基ethynyl chc 乙炔基fluoto f 氟代formamido ohcnh 甲酰胺基formyl ohc 甲酰fomryloxy hcoo 甲酸基；甲酰氧基fumaryl coch=chco 富马酰；（反式）丁二烯酰furyl oc4h3 呋喃基两种异构物geranyl c10h17 牦牛儿基glucosvl c6h11o5 葡（萄）糖基glyceryl ch2c

11、hch2 甘油基；丙三基glyoxylyl = glyoxyloyl 乙醛酰hendecyl = undecyl 十一（烷）基heneicosyl ch3(ch2)19ch2 二十一（烷）基hentriacontyl ch3(ch2)29ch2 三十一（烷）基heptacosyl ch3(ch2)25ch2 二十七（烷）基heptadecanoyl ch3(ch2)15co 十七（烷）酰heptadecyl ch3(ch2)15ch2 十七（烷）基heptanoyl ch3(ch2)5co2 庚酰heptyl ch3(ch2)5ch2 庚基hexacontyl ch3(ch2)58ch2 六十

12、（烷）基hexacosyl ch3(ch2)24ch2 二十六（烷）基hexadecanoyl ch3(ch2)14co 十六（烷）酰hexadecyl ch3(ch2)14ch2 十六（烷）基hexamethylene ch2(ch2)4ch2 六亚甲基；1.6-亚己基hexanoyl ch3(ch2)4co 己酰hexyl ch3(ch2)4ch2 己基hexylidene ch3(ch2)5ch= 亚己基histidyl n2c3h3ch2ch(nh2)co 组氨酰hydrazino h2nnh 肼基；联氨基hydrazo nhnh 1，2-亚肼基hydrazono h2nn= 亚肼基；

13、亚联氨基hydroxamino = hydroxyamino 羟氨基hydroximino = hydroxyimino 肟基hydroxy ho 羟基hydroxyamino honh 羟氨基hydroxymethyl hoch2 羟甲基-idene 亚加于任何一个基名之前，表示在联结处为双键iodo i 碘代isoamyl = isopentyl 异戊基isobutenyl = 2-methylpropenyl 异丁烯基；2-甲基丙烯基isobutoxy (ch3)2chch2o 异丁氧基原名 作取代基 作官能团烷烃：hydrocarbon alkyl烯烃：alkenes alkenyl炔

14、烃：alkynes alkynyl卤代烃：alkyl halides氟：fluorine fluoro氯：chlorine chloro溴：bromine bromo碘：iodine iodo酚：pehnols hydroxy -ol醇：alcohols hydroxy -ol醚：ethers r-oxy -ether胺：amines amino -amine醛：aldehydes r-oxycarbonyl -al/-carbaldenhyde酮：ketones r-oxycarbonyl -one羟酸：carboxylic acid carboxy -carboxylicacacid(含碳

15、)-oicacid(不含碳)酰卤：actyl halides halocarbonyl -harboxylhalide(含碳)-oylhalide(不含碳)酸酐：acidanhydrogrides酯：esters r-oxycarbonyl -caronylate(含碳)-oate(不含碳)腈：nitriles cyano -carboxamide(含碳)-mitrile(不含碳)酰胺：amides carbamoyl -carboxamide(含碳)-amide(不含碳)硝基：nitro烷 烯 炔甲：methane methene methyne乙：ethane ethene ethyne丙：propane propene propyne丁：butane butene butyne戊：pentane pentene pentyne己：hexane hexene hexyne庚：heptane heptene heptyne辛：octane octene octyne壬：nonane nonene nonyne癸：decane decene decyne作取代基时：词尾改为-yl.连苯：biphenyl萘：naphthalene联萘：binaphthalene蒽：anthrancene菲：phenanthrene芘：py