现代大学英语精读第二版book2unit10

1、Pompeii,Unit 10,Questions / Activities,Check-on Preview,Objectives,Warming up,Unit 10,Pompeii,Warming up,Questions / Activities,Why does the author call Pompeii a strange city? What happened to the city? What was the city like before it was destroyed? What are some other natural disasters in world h

2、istory that you have learned about,Check-on Preview,Match the words with their correct meaning in the text,hurl graze cram intact mighty shatter,a. very strong or powerful b. to suddenly break into small pieces c. to throw violently in a particular direction e. to eat grass growing in a field f. to

3、push sb./sth. into a small place g. complete and not damaged,Warming up,Objectives,Understand the structure and the general idea of the text Know something about the history of Pompeii and what happened in AD 79 Be able to use specific verbs to describe things Be able to create a dominant impression

4、 by using words about five senses Know something about natural disasters like volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tornado etc,Warming up,Background,Culture Tips,Author,Pompeii,Unit 10,Background,Author,Robert Silverberg (born January 15, 1935) is an American author, best known for writing science ficti

5、on. In 1956 he graduated from Columbia University, having majored in Comparative Literature,His Life,Culture Tips,Naples is the capital of Campania and the third-largest city in Italy, after Rome and Milan. It has a population of nearly one million within its administrative limits on a land area of

6、117.3km2 (45sqmi). The urban area of Naples extends beyond the administrative city limits, with a population of above three million,Background,The city of Pompeii is a partially buried Roman town-city near modern Naples. Pompeii was partially destroyed and buried under 4 to 6 m (13 to 20 ft) of ash

7、and pumice in the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79, and it was lost for nearly 1700 years before its accidental rediscovery in 1749. Since then, its excavation has provided an extraordinarily detailed insight into the life of a city during the Pax Romana. Today, this UNESCO World Heritage Site is

8、 one of the most popular tourist attractions of Italy, with approximately 2,500,000 visitors every year,Culture Tips,Background,Pompeii the Last Day,A multidisciplinary study of the eruption products and victims indicates that at Vesuvius and surrounding towns, heat was the main cause of death of pe

9、ople, previously believed to have died from ash suffocation. The results of the study, published in 2010, show that exposure to at least 250C hot surges at a distance of 10 kilometers from the vent was sufficient to cause instant death, even if people were sheltered within buildings,Culture Tips,Bac

10、kground,Mount Vesuvius,Mount Vesuvius is best known for its eruption in AD 79 that led to the burying and destruction of the Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum. They were never rebuilt, although surviving townspeople and probably looters did undertake extensive salvage work after the destructio

11、ns. The towns locations were eventually forgotten until their accidental rediscovery in the 18th century,Pompeii, with Vesuvius towering above,Culture Tips,Background,Vesuvius from plane,Culture Tips,Inside the crater of Vesuvius,Background,Jupiter is the king of the gods and the god of sky and thun

12、der. Jupiter was the chief deity of Roman state religion throughout the Republican and Imperial eras, until the Empire came under Christian rule. Jupiter is thought to have originated as a sky god. His identifying implement is the thunderbolt, and his primary sacred animal is the eagle, which held p

13、recedence over other birds in the taking of auspices and became one of the most common symbols of the Roman army,Culture Tips,Background,Apollo is one of the most important and complex Olympian deities in ancient Greek and Roman religion, Greek and Roman mythology. Apollo has been variously recogniz

14、ed as a god of light and the Sun, truth and prophecy, healing, plague, music, poetry, and more. Apollo is the son of Zeus and Leto, and has a twin sister, the chaste huntress Artemis,Culture Tips,Background,Isis is a goddess in Ancient Egyptian religious beliefs. She was worshipped as the ideal moth

15、er and wife as well as the patron of nature and magic. She was the friend of slaves, sinners, artisans, and the downtrodden, and she listened to the prayers of the wealthy, maidens, aristocrats, and rulers. Isis is also known as protector of the dead and goddess of children. The name Isis means Thro

16、ne. Her headdress is a throne. As the personification of the throne, she was an important representation of the pharaohs power. The pharaoh was depicted as her child, who sat on the throne she provided,Culture Tips,Background,Text Analysis,Pompeii,Unit 10,Text Analysis,Structure,What was the city li

17、ke before the eruption? What were people in Pompeii doing before the eruption? If the city had not been destroyed by the volcanic eruption, what would it be like today,Part I: Main Idea,Text Analysis,Detailed Analysis,Text Analysis,Detailed Analysis,Part I: Words & Expressions,Words,Phrases,strike (

18、para. 4,to cause a person or place to suffer severely from the effects of something very unpleasant that happens suddenly e.g. Ive got a life insurance policy that will look after my family if disaster strikes. The disease has struck the whole community, sometimes wiping out whole families. They pre

19、dict that a large earthquake will strike the east coast before the end of the decade,Detailed Analysis,Text Analysis,perish (para. 4,to die, especially in an accident or by being killed, or to be destroyed e.g. Three hundred people perished in the earthquake. He believes that Europe must create clos

20、er ties or it will perish. Publish or perish is a phrase coined to describe the pressure in academia to rapidly and continuously publish academic work to sustain or further ones career,Detailed Analysis,Text Analysis,a rain of sth.(para. 4,a rain of sth.: a large number of things that fall from the

21、sky at the same time. e.g. A rain of abuse has been heaped upon him. 他遭到好一顿咒骂。 这类用法属于暗喻（metaphor），相似例子如下： A storm of applause rose from the audience. 观众一 阵喝彩。 The charges touched off a storm of protest. 那些指控激起了猛烈的抗议,Detailed Analysis,Text Analysis,shroud (para.5,a layer of something which covers or

22、surrounds something e.g. Everything was covered in a thick shroud of dust. The truth about the accident remains hidden beneath a shroud of secrecy,Detailed Analysis,Text Analysis,shimmer (para.6,to shine in such a way that the light seems to shake slightly and quickly e.g. She could see her reflecti

23、on in the water, shimmering in the moonlight. Compare shimmer with other verbs like sparkle, twinkle and glisten,Detailed Analysis,Text Analysis,restore sth. to sth. (para.7,The stolen goods were all restored to their owners. 被偷窃的东西都归还给原主了。 The house has been restored to its original splendor. 这座房子已

24、经恢复了当初的光彩。 The city was finally restored to tranquility. 这座城市最后终于恢复了平静。 After years of neglecting, the palace has been restored to its former glory. 经过若干年的沉寂，这座宫殿恢复了以往的壮丽,Detailed Analysis,Text Analysis,Beneath the protecting shroud of ash, the city lay intact. (para 5.,Paragraphing: The city remain

25、ed as it had been before the eruption. It had been protected by the thick layer of ash that buried the city deep,Detailed Analysis,Part I: Sentence Paraphrase,Text Analysis,A good imagination is all you need to restore it to activity. (para. 7,Paraphrasing: If you have a good imagination you will be

26、 able to imagine what was going on the sights, sounds, smells and activities of a busy, prosperous Roman town,Detailed Analysis,Text Analysis,Part I: Sentence Paraphrase,1.我的学校里没有别的美国人了。 There are no other Americans in my school. 2.他们最近已经从伦敦搬到乡村来住。 Theyve recently come down from London to live in th

27、e village. 3.你是不是有什么事要瞒着我？ Are you trying to hide something from me,Translate the following sentences into English,Detailed Analysis,Part I: Exercises,Text Analysis,4.不久，绿色的嫩芽就会破土而出。 Soon, tiny green shoots will break through the soils surface. 5.书都放得整整齐齐，井井有条。 The books were all neatly in place, ca

28、refully arranged. 6.一个年轻女孩翻阅着家庭相册，童年记忆重回眼前。 A young girls childhood memories come to life as she thumbs through her family photograph album. 7.我们的工作是清除这些垃圾。 Our job is to clear away the rubbish,Detailed Analysis,Text Analysis,Part II: Main Idea,What did people do after eruption? What caused the grea

29、test loss of life? Did anyone survive the volcanic eruption? How did they manage to do it? What would you do if you had been there in Pompeii,Text Analysis,Detailed Analysis,Text Analysis,Detailed Analysis,Part II: Words & Expressions,Words,Phrases,summit (para. 9,other popular usages of summit: an

30、important formal meeting between leaders of governments from two or more countries a summit meeting World leaders will meet next week for their annual economic summit. the highest, most successful or most important point in something I certainly havent reached the summit of my career,Detailed Analys

31、is,Text Analysis,reverberate(para. 13,LITERARY If a loud deep sound reverberates, it continues to be heard around an area, so that the area seems to shake The narrow street reverberated with/to the sound of the workmens drills,Detailed Analysis,Text Analysis,overwhelm (para. 18,The village was overw

32、helmed by ash from the volcano.村子被火山灰覆盖。 When he saw the dressmakers daughter, he was overwhelmed by her beauty. 当他见到了裁缝师的女儿，马上为她的美貌倾倒。 I was overwhelmed by the sight of the tomb. 我为这陵墓的景象所慑服。 If one was overwhelmed by passion, it could lead to serious blunders. 当人的感情完全淹没理智时，就可能铸成大错,Detailed Analysi

33、s,Text Analysis,cluster (para. 19,a group of similar things that are close together, sometimes surrounding something e.g. Have a look at the cluster of galaxies in this photograph. There was a cluster of fans around him, asking for autographs,Detailed Analysis,Text Analysis,The sound of the explosio

34、n died away, but it still reverberated in everyones ears. (para. 13) Paragraphing: Even when the loud sound stopped, people did not recover from the shock,Detailed Analysis,Part II: Sentence Paraphrase,Text Analysis,An hour went by and darkness still shrouded everything. (para. 14) Paragraphing: An

35、hour passed, things did not improve and darkness covered everything,Detailed Analysis,Text Analysis,Part II: Sentence Paraphrase,Rushing throngs, blinded by the darkness and the smoke, rushed up one street and down the next, trampling the fallen in a crazy fruitless dash toward safety. (para. 17) Pa

36、ragraphing: People panicked. They rushed into the streets to escape the falling buildings. It was dark and the air was full of smoke so they could not see where they are going. They rushed up one street and down the next in a hopeless attempt to reach safety. In their blind rush they ran over the bodies of people who had fallen down,Detailed Analysis,Text Analysis,Part II: Sentence Paraphrase,Translate the following sentences into English,1.一股巨大的力量即将迸发而出。 A mighty force was about to break loose. 2.他只得把火吹旺使它烧起来。