高级英汉翻译之省译法

1、第四讲 omission 省略法,一、教学重点： 1. 省略法在英汉互译中的运用 2. 省略的主要方法技巧 二、教学内容： 1.省略法在英汉翻译中的运用 2.省略法在汉英翻译中的运用,省略法/减译法,指将原文中需要、而译文中又不需要的词语省去。减译的词语应是那些在译文中保留下来反而使行文累赘噜嗦、且不合汉语语言表达习惯的词语。减译法和增词的原则是相同的，即不能减掉原文的内容。所减之词，其内涵虽然在译文字面上没有体现出来，却隐藏在一文中，所以减译法也没有违背忠实原则,因为英汉两种语言在语法、词义、修辞、逻辑和文化方面存在着差异，将原文需要而译文显得多余的词省去不译。 减词一般用于以下两种情况：一

2、是从语法角度进行减省；二是从修辞角度进行减省。 减词译法是炼词炼句的一种最重要的手段，可以充分显示译文语言的优势。 英汉两种语言在语法上差异较大，例如：英语冠词、介词、代词（人称代词和关系代词）丰富使用较多，英译汉时可根据具体情况将冠词、连接词、介词、代词略去，使译文练达晓畅,omission in english-chinese translation省略法在英汉翻译中的运用,1、omitting the pronoun省略代词 he put his hands into his pockets and then shrugged his shoulders. 他将双手放进衣袋，然后耸了耸肩

3、。 they went to dinner. it was excellent, and the wine was good. its influence presently had its effect on them. they talked not only without acrimony（敌意，仇视），but even with friendliness. 他们进入餐室用餐。 美酒佳肴，顿受感染 ，言谈间不但没有恶言恶语，甚至还充满友好之情,omission in english-chinese translation省略法在英汉翻译中的运用,2、omitting the artic

4、le省略冠词 the moon was slowly rising above the sea. 月亮慢慢从海上升起。 any substance is made up of atoms whether it is a solid，a liquid, or a gas. 任何物质，不论是固体、液体或气体形态皆由原子组成。 3、omitting the preposition省略介词 smoking is prohibited in public places. 公共场所不许吸烟。 the difference between the two machines consists in power

5、（功率）. 两台机器的差别在于功率不同,omission in english-chinese translation省略法在英汉翻译中的运用,4、omitting the conjunction省略连词 he looked gloomy and troubled. 他看上去有些忧愁不安。 if i had known it, i would not have joined in. 早知如此，我就不参加了。 metals expand when heated and contract when cooled. 金属热胀冷缩。 5、omitting the verb省略动词 when the p

6、ressure gets low, the boiling point becomes low. 气压低，沸点就低。 solids expand and contract as liquids and gases do. 如同液体和气体一样，固体也会膨胀和收缩,omission in english-chinese translation省略法在英汉翻译中的运用,6、omitting the impersonal pronoun “it” outside it was pitch（沥青） dark and it was raining cats and dogs. 外面一片漆黑，大雨倾盆。 i

7、t was not until the middle of the 19th century that the blast furnace（炼铁的高炉） came into use. 直到 19 世纪中叶，高炉才开始使用,omission in chinese- english translation省略法在汉英翻译中的运用,1、omitting redundant words 质子带正电，电子带负电，而中子既不带正电，也不带负电。 a proton has a positive charge and an electron a negative charge, but a neutron h

8、as neither。 我们说，长征是历史记录上的第一次，长征是宣言书，长征是宣传队，长征是播种机。 we answer that the long march is the first of its kind in the annals of history, that it is a manifesto, a propaganda force, a seeding-machine,omission in chinese- english translation省略法在汉英翻译中的运用,2、omitting words of conceptual category 这些都是人民内部矛盾问题。

9、 all these are contradictions among the people. 她的朋友们听到她家中的困难情况后，都主动伸出援助之手。 after her friends heard about her family difficulties, they offered her a helping hand. 3、omitting meticulous description 花园里面是人间的乐园，有的是吃不了的的大米白面，穿不完的绫罗绸缎，花不完的金银财宝。 the garden was a paradise on earth, with more food and clot

10、hes than could be consumed and more money than could be spent,practice: 我们必须培养分析问题解决问题的能力。 每条河都有上游、中游、下游。 中国人民历来是勇于探索，勇于创造，勇于革命的。 we have 7 days in a week. is it a he or a she? this is brown speaking,translation: we must cultivate the ability to analyze and solve problems. every river has its upper,

11、 middle and lower reaches. the people of china have always been courageous enough to probe into things, to make inventions and to make revolution. 一个星期有七天。 生的是男孩还是女孩？ 我是布朗,practice: chinese wood oil a good (bad) sailor a goodman dry (wet) nurse bowel movements turn the tables a matter of great imporce be out with sb. to sit above (below) the salt worth ones salt to sleep late doesnt hold water,桐油 不晕船(晕船) 家长;丈夫 保姆(奶妈) 大便 扭转局势 重大事情 与某人闹翻 在上(下)席 称职 睡懒觉 不严密,practice: blow hot and cold a bull in a china shop to pull the string put all ones eggs in one basket to eat ones