同位语从句讲解

1、初中英语语法同位语从句专项讲解与训练 (一)概念一般来说，在主从复合句中,用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它通常跟在某些名词之后，用以说明或解释该名词表示的具体内容。可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有：advice,decision,fact,hope,idea,information,message,news,promise,proposal,reply,report,suggestion,word（消息），problem，question,doubt,thought等。例如：Theyweredelightedatthenewsthattheirteamhadwon.当听到他们队获胜的消息时，他们欣

2、喜若狂。WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome？你从哪儿听说我不能来？有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在被说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。如：ThethoughtcametohimthatTommighthavereturnedthebook.他突然想起汤姆可能已经还了书了。（二）引导词请仔细观察下列句子，注意从句引导词的用法。1.ThenewsthatMr.LiwillbeournewEnglishteacheristrue.2.Hehasntmadethedecisionwhetherhewillgothere.3.Thequestionwhoshoulddo

3、theworkisbeingdiscussedatthemeeting4.Ihavenoideawhattheboyisdoinginthenextroomnow.5.Wehaventyetsettledthequestionwherewearegoingtospendoursummervacationthisyear.6.IhavenoideahowIcangettotherailwaystation.7.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback小结归纳that引导同位语从句时无词义，也不充当任何成分，但通常不可以省略，如句1；whether引导同位语从句时意为“是否”，通常不

4、能用if来代替,如句2;连接代词who,what等可以引导同位语从句，如句3，4；连接副词where,how,when等可以引导同位语从句，如句5，6，7。(三)that引导的同位语从句和定语从句意义不同：同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容；而定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的先行词。试比较：1.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.2.Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging.分析句1中that引导同位语从句，说明“news”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。句2中that引导定语从句，对“new

5、s”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。that的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句时，不仅起连接作用，而且还指代先行词并在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分。试比较：1.DadmadeapromisethathewouldbuymeaCDplayerifIpassedtheEnglishtest.2.Dadmadeapromisethatexcitedallhischildren.分析句1中that引导同位语从句，其中that无词义，也不充当任何成分；句2中that引导定语从句，that指代promise，又在从句中充当主语，且that可以用whi

6、ch替换。可否省略：that在引导同位语从句时，通常不可省略。在引导定语从句时，若在从句中作宾语，通常可以省略，若作主语则不可以省略。即学即用I请用适当的词填空，使下列句子意思完整。1.Theyexpressedthehope_theywouldcomeovertoChinasoon.2.Thefact_hedidntseeTomthismorningistrue.3.Wordhascome_someAmericanguestswillcometoourcolle-geforavisitnextweek.4.Hecantanswerthequestion_hegotthemoneyfromhi

7、shomeyesterday.5.Doyouhaveanyidea_isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?6.Theproblem_weshouldhavethemeetinginthehallnowmustbedecidedatonce.II.下列各句中均有一处错误，请改正。1.Ourteamhaswonthegame,thatmadeusveryhappy.2.IvecomewithamessagefromMrWanghowhewontbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon.3.Hemustanswerthequestionifheagreeswi

8、thwhatshesaidornot.4.Ivereadthebookwhereyougavemethedaybeforeyesterday.5.Oneofthemenheldthepinionwhenwhatthebooksaidwasright.III把下列句子翻译成英语。1.我向他许诺说我一到北京就给他写信。2.他经常问我这个问题，那就是这个工作是否值得做。3.他什么也不说，这一事实使大家都感到惊奇。4.在我看来，他刚才告诉我的这个消息是真实的。5.他突然想起他本来应该去接儿子的。Key:I.1.that2.that3.that4.how5.what6.whetherII.1thatwhich2.howthat3.ifwhether4.wherethat/which或省略where5.whenthat6.thathowIII.1.ImadeapromisethatIwouldwritetohimassoonasIgottoBeijing.2.Heoftenaskedmethequestionwhethertheworkwasworthdoing.3.Thefactthathehadnotsaidan