学考语法复习-专题八

1、专题八：定语从句【用法概述】一、定义在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。 被定语从句修饰的词叫 先行词，定语从句必须放在先行词的后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词 充当从句的成分。词性词形先行词在定语从句中充当的成分关 系 代 词who人主、宾、表whom人宾、表that人或物主、宾、表which物主、宾、表whose人或物疋关系 副 词where表地点地点状语whe n表时间时间状语why表原因原因状语The studentthat won the first prize is our monitor. （that 代替 the student在从 句中作主语）I saw so

2、me treeswhoseleaves were yellow. （whose在从句中作定语 ）The watch which I found in the library is his. （which 代替 watch, 在从句中作 宾语）This is the place where he works. (where 相当于 in the place,在从句中作地点状语)二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上无逗号有逗号意义上对先行词的界定，删除后主句意义不完整、不明确对先行词的补充说明，删除后主句意思依然完整翻译上-的”，限定先行词与主句并列或是状语从句

3、关系词关系代词作宾语时可以省略，关系副词一般不省略关系词不可省略；关系词不用that, why; which还可代替一个句子或一种情况三、使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题：1. that与which的区别(1)用that而不用which的情况: 先行词为不定代词 all, anything, nothing等 先行词被little, few, no等词修饰时 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时 先行词被the only, the very, the last等修饰时 先行词既有人又有物时She told me everyth in gthat she kn ew.This is the bes

4、t no velthat I have ever read.We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitaishat you are talking about.用which而不用that的情况: 引导非限制性定语从句 代表整个主句的意思 介词+关系代词This is the factory in which we once worked.The baby was ill, which made the mother very worried.2. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的单复数形式应由先行词决定。This is an old

5、 computer which works much slower.这是一台工作起来速度较慢的旧电脑。3. 介词在关系代词前，关系代词只能用which和whom,且不能省略；介词在句 尾，关系代词可用 which, that, whom, 口语中也可用 who,且可省略。This is the room in which I lived last year.这是我去年住过的房间。4. 若先行词为the way（方式，方法）且way在定语从句中作方式状语，关系词用 that/i n which,也可以省略。Computers have changed the way（hat/in which/省

6、略）we work and play. 计算机已 改变了我们工作和玩耍的方式。【典例精析】1. （2018 湖南学业水平考试真题）The manis standing on the playground ismy maths teacher.A. whe nB. whichC. whoD. where【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意：站在操场上的那个人是我的数学老师。who 引导定语从句，在从句中作主语修饰先行词the man。2. （2012 湖南学业水平考试真题）The mancalled up yesterday wants to buythe house.A. whichB. whom

7、C. whoD. whose【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意：昨天打电话的那个男人想买这栋房子。先 行词the man为人，且在定语从句中作主语，故选whoowhom在定语从句中只能 作宾语或表语。3. （2011 湖南学业水平考试真题）1 remember the timeEric won that speechcompetiti on.A. whereB. whyC. whe nD. which【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意：我记得Eric赢了那次演讲比赛的时间。定 语从句的先行词是the time,从句中缺少时间状语，所以用关系副词when。【规律方法】如何选用关系词？ 当关系词在定语

8、从句中需要作主语、宾语、表语时，要用关系代词that, which,who, whom 等。 关系词在定语从句中需要作状语时，要用关系副词when, where, why等。 关系词需要在定语从句中作定语时，指人要用whose,指物可用whose或of which。【语法专练】1. （2018 衡阳学业水平考试模拟）AII of us like her coat, is quite fashionable this summer.A. whoseB. thatC. whichD. where2. Most of us hate peopletalk much but do little.A.

9、whomB. whoseC. whichD. who3. （2018 召日学业水平考试模拟）The schoolhe oncestudied in is famous.A. whereB. in whichC. in thatD. that4. Do you know the kid withBob is talk ing over there?Yes, it s my cousin.A. whoB. thatC. whichD. whom5. Could you tell me the reasonhe was late aga in?A. whichB. thatC. whyD. i n which6. The first En glish bookI read isRed Star over China.A. whatB. thatC. asD. which7. He offered us his help,made us grateful.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. who8. The engineemy father works is about 50 years old.A. to whom B. on whomC. with which D. with whom9. Li Mei is the stud