unit 9 A MORE PERFECT UNON

1、Advanced English Book 1,Lesson 9,A More,Perfect,Union,By group 4,Background information,Vocabulary and Paraphrase,Structure,Lesson 9 A More Perfect Union,Advanced English Book 1,Lesson 9 A More Perfect Union,About “A More Perfect Union,the,speech,was,delivered,on,march,18,2008,during,Obamas,campaign

2、,for,presidency,This,was,to,response,to,the,Jeremiah,Wright,controversy,Jeremiah,Wright,was,the,pastor,of,Obamas,trinity,united,church,of,Christ,in,Chicago,and,also,a,participant,in,Obamas,campaign,Rev,Dr,Jeremiah,Wright,has,been,caught,on,tape,saying,vicious,racist,and,un-American,things,Advanced E

3、nglish Book 1,Lesson 9 A More Perfect Union,Rev,Wright,said,that,Sept,11,was,somehow,the,fault,of,America,and,now,Americans,chickens,are,coming,home,to,roost,Therefore,Obama,suffered,a,huge,crisis,of,confidence,Advanced English Book 1,Barack Hussein Obama is the 44th and,current President of the Uni

4、ted States. He,is the first African American to hold the,office,He began his presidential campaign in,2007, and in 2008, after a close primary,campaign against Hillary Rodham Clinton,he won sufficient delegates in the,Democratic party primaries to receive the,presidential nomination. He then defeate

5、d,Republican nominee John McCain in the,general election, and was inaugurated as,president on January 20, 2009. Nine,months later, Obama was named the 2009,Nobel Peace Prize laureate. He was re,elected president in November 2012,defeating Republican nominee Mitt,Romney. He is the first Democrat sinc

6、e,Franklin D. Roosevelt to win two,Lesson 9 A More Perfect Union,Advanced English Book 1,Lesson 9 A More Perfect Union,Advanced English Book 1,Trinity United Church of Christ,Trinity United Church of Christ is a,predominantly African-American church,with more than 8,500 members, located on,the south

7、west side of Chicago. It is the,largest church affiliated with the United,Church of Christ, a predominantly white,Christian denomination with roots in,Congregationalism, which branched from,American Puritanism,The,churchs,early,history,coincided,with,the,American,civil,rights,movement,subsequent,dea

8、th,of,Martin,Luther,King,Jr,and,the,turmoil,that,entered,the,movement,after,his,death,During,that,tumultuous,period,an,influx,of,radical,black,Muslim,groups,had,begun,to,headquarter,in,Chicago,and,Trinity,sought,to,recontextualize,Christianity,through,black,liberation,theology,in,order,to,counter,th

9、e,influence,of,radical,black,Muslim,leaders,who,taught,that,it,was,impossible,to,be,both,Black,and,Christian,Trinity,is,best,known,today,for,its,social,programs,on,behalf,of,the,disadvantaged,both,nationally,and,internationally,although,in,its,earliest,days,such,outreach,did,not,even,figure,in,its,m

10、ission,In,early,2008,as,part,of,their,presidential,election,coverage,news,media,outlets,and,political,commentators,brought,Trinity,to,national,attention,when,controversial,excerpts,of,sermons,by,the,churchs,longtime,pastor,Jeremiah,Wright,were,broadcast,to,highlight,Democratic,presidential,candidate

11、,Barack,Obamas,relationship,with,Wright,and,the,church,Obama,responded,with,a,speech,A,More,Perfect,Union,which,addressed,the,criticisms,In,the,1800s,the,slaves,were,freed,by,President,Abraham,Lincoln,After,this,starting,in,about,the,1870s,Jim,Crow,laws,were,introduced,These,laws,promoted,the,idea,s

12、eparate,but,equal,meaning,that,the,races,although,having,to,be,in,different,areas,and,not,allowed,to,intermingle,were,equal,Lesson 9 A More Perfect Union,Advanced English Book 1,1,What,is,the,theme,of,the,address,Where,is,it,stated,2,What,is,Obamas,story,Why,did,he,call,it,my,story”,3,Did,Obamas,eth

13、nic,background,put,him,in,an,advantageous,position,during,the,campaign,What,racial,issue,did,he,confront,Pre-questions,4,Some,people,questioned,Obamas,attitude,even,though,he,condemned,Reverend,Wrights,remarks,Why,5,How,did,Obama,describe,Reverend,Wright,in,Para,18,How,did,Obama,describe,the,Trinity

14、,United,Church,of,Christ,in,Para,20,6,What,is,the,relationship,between,Reverend,Wright,and,Obama,What,did,Obama,mean,when,he,said,he,could,not,disown,Reverend,Wright,7,What,remarks,did,Reverend,Wright,make,that,compelled,Obama,to,condemn,them,What,was,the,fundamental,mistake,made,by,Wright,How,is,Ob

15、amas,condemnation,related,to,the,title,of,his,address,A,More,Perfect,Union”,8,Is,race,an,essential,issue,in,the,election,in,Obamas,opinion,Why,9,How,are,so,many,of,the,disparities,that,exists,in,the,African-American,community,today,related,to,the,past,of,slavery,and,Jim,crow,Vocabulary and,Paraphras

16、e,1,Farmers,and,scholars,statesmen,and,patriots,who,had,traveled,across,an,ocean,to,escape,tyranny,and,persecution,that,lasted,through,the,spring,of,1787,tyranny,n,unfair,or,cruel,use,of,power,or,authority,Paraphrase,The,early,settlers,including,farmers,scholars,statesmen,and,patriots,sailed,across,

17、the,Atlantic,ocean,to,escape,misrule,and,persecution,They,eventually,turned,the,concepts,embodied,in,the,declaration,of,independence,into,articles,in,the,Constitution,at,the,Constitutional,Convention,which,was,held,in,the,Philadelphia,State,House,in,the,spring,of,1787,2,The,document,they,produced,wa

18、s,eventually,signed,but,ultimately,unfinished,Paraphrase,After,heated,debate,and,compromises,the,Constitution,was,finally,adopted,by,the,Constitutional,Convention,and,39,out,of,55,delegates,signed,the,document,But,three,fifths,clause,and,the,twenty,years,allowed,for,the,slave,trade,showed,the,slave,

19、issue,was,not,solved,so,the,process,of,forming,a,more,perfect,union,did,not,end,with,the,enforcement,of,the,Constitution,3,It,was,stained,by,this,nations,original,sin,of,slavery,and,to,leave,any,final,resolution,to,future,generations,Stain,n,change,the,color,of,sth,leave,or,make,marks,on,sth,esp,one

20、s,that,are,difficult,to,remove,stalemate,n,a,situation,in,which,neither,side,in,an,argument,or,contest,can,win,or,in,which,no,progress,is,possible,resolution,n,solution,make,a,resolution,to,do,Paraphrase,It,was,dishonored,by,slavery,which,is,American,original,sin,Whether,the,slavery,should,be,kept,b

21、ecame,a,question,which,divided,the,colonies,and,made,the,convention,come,to,a,halt,Finally,the,founders,of,American,decided,to,allow,the,slave,trade,to,continue,for,at,least,twenty,years,and,to,leave,the,question,to,future,generations,4,Of,course,the,answer,to,the,slavery,question,was,already,embedd

22、ed,within,our,Constitution,and,a,union,that,could,be,and,should,be,perfected,over,time,embedded,v,fix,something,deeply,and,firmly,into,something,else,implant,engraft,Paraphrase,Of,course,the,resolution,of,the,slavery,issue,was,already,included,under,the,law,According,to,the,Constitution,its,people,s

23、hould,enjoy,liberty,justice,and,a,union,that,could,be,and,should,be,perfected,over,time,5,And,yet,words,on,a,parchment,would,not,be,enough,to,deliver,slaves,from,bondage,or,provide,men,and,women,of,every,color,and,creed,their,full,rights,and,obligations,as,citizens,of,the,United,States,parchment : n

24、,a substance made from animal,skin, used in the past for writing on; a,document, manuscript, or diploma on,parchment,bondage,n,the state of being a slave or,prisoner,Paraphrase,However, the Constitution or,any law is not enough to set the slaves free or,to give American people of different origins o

25、r,beliefs equal rights,6,What,would,be,needed,were,Americans,in,successive,generations,promise,of,our,ideals,and,the,reality,of,their,time,disobedience,n,failure,or,refusal,to,obey,Paraphrase,Only,through,risky,protests,and,struggles,in,different,forms,such,as,on,the,street,in,the,courts,through,a,w

26、ar,would,generation,after,generation,of,American,succeed,in,narrowing,the,gap,between,the,rights,promised,in,the,Constitution,and,the,reality,of,their,time,6,I,chose,to,run,for,the,President,at,and,our,grandchildren,Paraphrase,I,chose,to,run,for,the,Presidency,at,this,critical,moment,in,history,beca

27、use,I,firmly,believe,that,only,we,solve,the,challenges,together,can,we,solve,them,Despite,different,stories,we,have,we,hold,common,hopes,Despite,different,appearances,we,have,and,different,places,we,come,from,we,all,want,to,make,a,better,future,for,later,generations,Only,we,understand,that,can,we,pe

28、rfect,our,union,7. But it also comes from my own American,story,Paraphrase,My personal background and my,success story, rising from rags to riches, also,teaches me the importance of unity,7,I,was,raised,with,the,help,of,a,white,grandfather,who,survived,a,Depression,to,serve,in,Pattons,Army,during,Wo

29、rld,War,II,and,a,white,grandmother,while,he,was,overseas,Paraphrase,I,was,raised,with,the,help,of,my,grandparents,who,are,white,My,grandfather,lived,through,the,depression,and,during,World,War,he,was,fighting,under,General,Patton,At,that,time,my,grandmother,worked,on,a,bomber,assembly,line,at,Fort,L

30、eavenworth,8,Ive,gone,to,some,of,the,best,schools,in,America,and,lived,in,one,of,the,worlds,poorest,nations,an,inheritance,we,pass,on,to,our,two,precious,daughters,Paraphrase,I,have,studied,in,some,of,the,best,schools,in,America,and,lived,in,one,of,the,worlds,poorest,nations,My,wife,is,a,black,Ameri

31、can,woman,who,carries,the,blood,of,slaves,and,slaveowners,which,is,inherited,our,two,beloved,daughters,9,I,have,brothers,sisters,nieces,nephews,uncles,and,cousins,of,every,race,and,every,hue,scattered,across,three,continents,that,in,no,other,country,on,Earth,is,my,story,even,possible,hue,n,color,Par

32、aphrase,My,relatives,of,different,races,and,colors,lived,scattered,across,three,continents,I,will,always,remember,that,my,story,is,only,possible,in,America,and,I,can,become,what,I,am,only,in,America,10,Its,a,story,that,hasnt,made,me,the,most,conventional,candidate,But,it,is,a,story,that,has,seared,i

33、nto,my,genetic,makeup,we,are,truly,one,sear,v,to,cause,sb,to,feel,sudden,and,unpleasant,Paraphrase,My,life,experience,has,infused,deeply,in,me,the,concept,that,the,united,states,is,not,just,a,total,of,adding,all,the,states,or,all,the,elements,together,but,is,the,product,of,fusion,of,sharing,the,same

34、,creed,11,Throughout,the,first,year,of,this,campaign,against,all,predictions,to,the,contrary,we,saw,how,hungry,the,American,people,were,for,this,message,of,unity,Paraphrase,In,spite,of,all,announcements,that,America,was,not,ready,for,a,black,president,that,I,would,fail,in,the,campaign,we,gained,mome

35、ntum,in,the,first,year,of,the,campaign,which,showed,that,the,America,people,demanded,unity,and,change,12,Despite,the,temptation,powerful,coalition,of,African,Americans,and,white,Americans,commanding,adj,authoritative,and,powerful,coalition,n,alliance,between,political,partier,deem,n,have,a,particula

36、r,opinion,about,something,Paraphrase,people,couldnt,help,judge,me,from,the,perspective,of,a,black,candidate,raising,the,question,of,whether,the,united,states,would,fare,better,with,a,black,president,However,we,won,great,victories,even,in,some,of,the,more,conservative,states,states,with,a,strongerly,

37、racial,bias,We,succeeded,in,uniting,African,Americans,and,white,Americans,in,South,Carolina,which,was,one,of,the,Confederate,states,in,the,Civil,war,13,We,saw,racial,tensions,bubble,to,the,surface,but,black,and,brown,as,well,exit,poll,n,the,activity,of,asking,people,who,they,have,voted,to,discover,t

38、he,likely,results,polarization,n,the,situation,of,having,or,giving,polarity,Paraphrase,the week before the Democrats,were to select their delegates to the national,convention in South Carolina, attacks on me,on blacks became more frequent, more intense,The press had polls of people who had just,vote

39、d thoroughly to find evidence of people,dividing into two opposing groups, in terms of,white and black, as well as black and brown,14. On one end of the spectrum , weve heard the,implication,that my candidacy is somehow an,exercise in,affirmative,action purchase racial,reconciliation,on the cheap,sp

40、ectrum : n,a complete or wide range of,related qualities, ideas, etc,on the cheap,spending less money than need,affirmative: adj,expressing agreem,ent,reconciliation,n,a situation in which two people,countries etc. become friendly with each other again,after quarreling,Paraphrase,At,one,end,of,the,e

41、ntire,range,of,opinion,there,are,people,who,say,that,I,decided,to,run,because,I,wanted,to,show,black,and,white,should,have,equal,opportunity,and,I,wanted,to,play,on,the,desires,of,na,ve,liberals,to,achieve,racial,harmony,without,making,great,efforts,15,On,the,other,end,pastor,Reverend,Jeremiah,Wrigh

42、t,use,incendiary,but,views,that,denigrate,both,the,greatness,black,alike,pastor,n,a,Christian,priest,in,some,protestant,churches,incendiary,adj,an,incendiary,speech,piece,of,writing,etc,is,intended,to,make,people,angry,denigrate,vt,to,criticize,sb,sth,unfairly,to,say,sb.,sth,does,not,have,any,value,

43、or,is,not,important,unequivocal,adj,expressing,your,opinion,or,intention,very,clearly,Paraphrase,At,the,other,end,of,the,wide,range,of,opinions,Jeremiah,Wright,was,wrong,because,the,improper,language,he,used,in,expressing,his,views,would,not,only,widen,the,gap,between,different,races,but,attack,on,t

44、he,basic,nature,of,America,as,a,nations,His,words,caused,the,anger,and,condemnation,of,both,white,and,black,16,Did,I,know,him,to,be,an,priests,or,rabbis,with,which,you,strongly,disagreed,rabbis,title,of,a,spiritual,leader,of,a,Jewish,congregation,teacher,of,the,Jewish,law,Paraphrase,I,did,know,that,

45、sometimes,he,criticized,American,domestic,and,foreign,policy,I,did,hear,that,he,made,disputed,comments,while,I,was,in,church,I,did,strongly,disagree,with,many,of,his,political,views,However,I,am,sure,many,of,you,may,have,similar,experiences,so,this,is,not,unique,to,me,17,Instead,they,distorted,view,

46、as,endemic,in,the,actions,of,stalwart,emanating,from,the,perverse,and,hateful,ideologies,of,radical,Islam,distort,vt,give,a,false,account,of,sth.,endemic,adj,regularly,found,in,a,particular,place,or,among,a,particular,group,of,people,and,difficult,to,get,rid,of,emanate,from,to,come,from,something,or

47、,somewhere,stalwart,adj,loyal,unequivocal,adj,expressing,your,opinion,or,intention,very,clearly,perverse : adj,marked by a disposition to oppose and,contradict,ideology: n,an orientation that characterizes the,thinking of a group or nation,Paraphrase,Wrights,view,were,a,gross,distortion,of,America,O

48、n,the,one,hand,Wright,considered,white,racism,as,an,inseparable,part,of,America,leaving,out,all,the,good,characteristics,which,we,associated,with,America,On,the,other,hand,Wright,thought,that,the,cause,of,conflict,in,the,Middle,East,lied,with,Israel,not,radical,Islam,18,And,I,confess,the,snippets,of

49、,those,sermons,that,have,run,in,an,endless,loop,on,being,peddled,by,some,commentators,in,much,the,same,way,snippet,n,a,small,of,news,information,or,conversation,sermon,n,a,talk,given,as,part,of,a,Christian,church,service,on,a,religious,or,moral,subject,loop,n,a,piece,of,rope,wire,etc,in,the,shape,of

50、,a,curve,or,circle,peddle,vt,offer,ideas,gossip,etc,to,individual,people,seminary,n,college,for,training,priests,or,rabbis,cringe,v,draw,back,as,with,fear,or,pain,episode,n,a,happening,that,is,distinctive,in,a,series,of,related,events,Paraphrase,If,Reverend,Wright,were,the,person,represented,by,the,

51、repeatedly,shown,piece,of,sermons,on,TV,and,Internet,if,the,Trinity,United,Church,of,Christ,were,the,one,described,to,the,public,by,some,commentators,I,would,have,long,deserted,them,without,doubt,19,Those,stories,of,survival,and,freedom,and,hope,became,our,story,my,story,the,blood,that,had,spilled,w

52、as,our,blood,into,a,larger,world,spill,v,cause,or,allow,a,liquid,substance,to,run,or,flow,from,a,container,Paraphrase,The,stories,the,history,the,struggle,the,spirit,became,part,of,black,people,and,the,black,church,passed,them,onto,future,generations,and,spread,then,to,the,world,beyond,the,black,com

53、munity,as,a,ship,20,Our,trials,and,triumphs,became,in,chronicling,our,journey,the,stories,and,songs,gave,us,a,means,to,reclaim,we,could,start,to,rebuild,triumph,n,being,successful,or,victorious,chronicle,vt,to,record,events,in,the,order,in,which,they,happened,reclaim,v,recover,possession,of,sth,Para

54、phrase,The,sufferings,and,the,victories,which,the,black,people,had,gone,through,were,not,limited,to,the,black,people,in,recalling,those,stories,we,were,filled,with,confidence,and,did,not,need,to,feel,ashamed,of,the,past,These,proud,memories,might,be,studied,and,treasured,by,all,people,and,we,could,b

55、uild,a,bright,future,with,them,21,Like,other,predominantly,black,churches,across,the,country,are,full,of,raucous,laughter,and,sometimes,bawdy,humor,raucous,adj,impolite,noisy,and,violent,bawdy,adj,of,songs,plays,etc.,loud,and,dealing,with,sex,in,an,amusing,way,Paraphrase,Trinity,embraces,all,types,o

56、f,people,into,the,community,the,doctor,and,women,living,on,government,aid,good,kids,and,former,criminal,in,the,past,There,is,loud,laughter,and,coarse,humor,at,Trinity,just,as,other,black,churches,22,They,are,full,of,dancing,clapping,screaming,and,shouting,that,may,seem,jarring,to,the,and,bias,that,m

57、ake,up,the,black,experience,in,America,jar,v,making,someone,feel,annoyed,or,shocked,Paraphrase,People,who,are,not,familiar,with,such,practices,may,find,the,services,which,are,full,of,dancing,clapping,screaming,and,shouting,too,noisy,too,rowdy,The,church,contains,both,good,side,and,bad,side,of,the,ex

58、periences,of,the,blacks,in,American,23,He,strengthened,my,faith,officiated,my,wedding,and,baptized,my,children,but,courtesy,and,respect,officiate,vi,perform,he,duties,of,an,office,or,position,baptize,v,administer,baptism,to,derogatory,adj,showing,a,hostile,or,critical,attitude(to,sbs,reputation,etc.

59、,courtesy,n,good,manners,stereotype,n,a,conventional,or,formulaic,conception,or,image,Paraphrase,It was he who enhanced my,faith, performed my wedding ceremony and,baptized my children. I never heard him talk,about any races with bad words. And he,always showed respect when associated with,white peo

60、ple,24,I,can,no,more,disown,him,than,I,can,disown,the,black,community,disown,v,prevent,deliberately,as,by,making,a,will,from,inheriting,Paraphrase,Its,important,to,cast,him,off,just,as,it,is,impossible,for,me,to,repudiate,the,black,community,25. We can,dismiss,Reverend Wright as a,crank,or a,demagog