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1、毕业设计外文资料翻译题 目土木工程项目管理的实现学院土木建筑学院专业土木工程班 级土木1108学生高升学 号指导教师 刘俊岩二0五年 三月六日FACTA UNIVERSITATISSeries: Architecture and Civil EngineeringVol. 4, No 2, 2006, pp. 85 - 89CIVIL ENGINEERING PROJECTS REALIZATIONMANAGEMENTSlobodanMirkovi?University of Ni?,Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture,SerbiaAbs

2、tract:The paper treats the management of the realization ofcivil engineering projects or civil engineering buildings construction management, as a complex dynamic process, which entails a large number of strategic and operative decisions which are important for an efficient, cost effective, and econ

3、omic construction. The management process execution is not possible without the functions such as planning, organizing, coordination and control. Planning, as the initial function, important for the forecast of the future events, tasks and goals, is rendered much simpler by the application of comput

4、ers and software packages. Such software packages facilitate the integral management, planning, realization, as well as control of the course of realization of civil engineering projects, that is the entire course of civil engineering buildings construction. The most frequent programs in this applic

5、ation are the Scheduler, Prima Vera and Project. The experience acquired in the application of these software packages that the best results in civil engineering attained by the software package PROJECT 2003.Keywords: Project, software packages, management process, organization project and building

6、technology.INTRODUCTIONStarting from the fact that the realization of civil engineering projects or construction of civil engineering buildings is a very complex dynamical process, affected by an extremely large number of factors which are constant or stochastic in character, it can be stated that t

7、he structure realization, that is construction, is possible only with making timely and correct decisions, and with adoption of most efficient methods and ways of management and realization.According to the previous statement, the management of the realization of civil engineering projects that is m

8、anagement of building construction, is regarded as a dynamical process of decision making, about the activities which improve the functioning and development of civil engineering production, as a macro system, mind the available scope of relevant information. The management is performed through the

9、realization of four basic functions, which are: planning, organization, coordination and control.Planning is the basic initial function which determines the goals, tasks, plans and programs,but also the strategic decisions and ways for their most efficient realization. In its essence, the goal of pl

10、anning is to forecast the future events (those that can be acted upon;those that can be partially acted upon and those which can be acted upon in distant future).Organization as a function or organizational system with the appropriate structural elements, which is capable to realize, in an optimal w

11、ay, the planned goals and tasks, formed by the planning.Coordination as a function essence, it can be regarded as the operational managementwhenperforming or putting into practice the planned goals and tasks.Control as a function the basis of the action of the organizational system, by the realizati

12、on of the adopted decisions,goals, tasks. It controls the regularity of usage or consumption of the engaged resources,labor, finances, so it is regarded at the same time as a means of feedback recording, and of collecting information important for the decision making process.Management of civil engi

13、neering projects can -technical but also social.A successful management of civil engineering projects realization requires knowledge of the civil engineering production, its complexity and specifics in respect to other kinds of production. The basic specifics of the civil engineering production refl

14、ect in uniqueness and character of work; in kind and dimensions of civil engineering buildings regarded as the results of work; in the final products being in separate from the location; in the universality and mobility of the capacities; in the action of variable climate-meteorological,topographic,

15、 geological-geomechanical, management or building construction management requires making timely and correct decisions which bring about in the conditions of significant instability or stochastic character of execution. In this way the action of destabilizing factors is forestalled and the building

16、production is increased; the capacity are increased; the quality of construction is improved;the construction time is decreased; the working conditions are improved; the construction works are increasingly automatized and mechanized and the professional skills and qualification levels of the constru

17、ction workers are enhanced. Attainment of these goals is only possible if the building construction is organized on the basis of the scientific construction organization, on the basis of the contemporary methods and technologies, contemporary planning methods, in one word, on the basis of quality pr

18、eparations of construction works.All the mentioned basics ought to be taken into consideration and incorporated in the contemporary building construction and technology projects, which should include an integral research of the construction situation or conditions; and integral study of the technolo

19、gical processes; planning;optimization and adequate dimension -ing of the production andstorage facilities, temporary communication lines (roads), infrastructure network,etc. The static and dynamic planning the construction organization and technology projects. It is effected through the application

20、 of contemporary methods of static and dynamic planning with the wide application of computers and modern program packages such as Project; Prima Vera, Scheduler, etc.All these programs make the integral project management possible, that is, they offer great options in directing and coordination of

21、the activities, resources and construction time in the course of building construction.The fundamental issue of all the programs is that they facilitate the time planning of a project; control, adjustment of resources and control of expenses.In the framework of time planning and project duration, th

22、ey arrange the activities;improve and update the network; control the network serviceability; network numbering;calculation of time parameters and appropriate reserves regarding the duration of activities and the adopted timetable. The time planning reports are given in the form of tabular and graph

23、ic representations of network plans, bar graphs of network plans, engaged labor,machinery and finances the form of the dynamic usage plans of the researched resources.In the field of calculation and control of costs, they automatically calculate the finances by the activities, and cumulative. From t

24、he reports related to the costs, they produce theappropriate request).The experience in application of some program packages such as Scheduler, PrimaVera and Project, that the contemporary requirements of civil engineering production finds the program package Project 2003 the most suitable from vari

25、ous reasons,the most important being: quick access to all the program elements ( activities; resources;course, reports); simple entry of the required data; quick and automatic calculation of all the changes entered during the processing; simple adjustment of resources;quantity of work or time durati

26、on of an activity; simple managementwith known connection(SF:SS:FF) with the known types of activitieswith estimated duration; with fixed units; or with fixedwork; easy usage of the most of activitycombinations wit the fixedquantity of work (intensity); for instance the activities with the fixed uni

27、ts in the fixed quantity of work-intensity; activities with fixed units; activities with fixed work in fixed quantity of workintensity; activities with fixed duration;activities with fixeddurationin fixed quantity of work intensity.For instanee,theprogram package Prima Vera utilizes only four combin

28、ations, and those are: activities with fixed units in fixed quantity of workinten sity; activities with fixed un itstime; activities withfixed units; activities with fixed duration and units; activitieswith fixed units and unitstime.Apart from other things, one should point out that the reportsare w

29、ell conceived and organized.CONCLUSIONSFast and efficient construction of civil engineering structures is nowadays and building technology projects, which include all the relevant elements of work which are important for the economical and cost-effective building. One of the most important elements

30、of the organization and building technology projects is the planning itself, as the essence of civil engineering projects management,that is, building construction management. The complexity of civil engineering projects,and production, with a lot of participa nts activities and with a lot of factor

31、s conn ectedto the material-energy resources; mechanization and equipment; labor and working conditions renders the planning itself very complex. That is why the application of computers and software packages: accelerates the planning process by many times; makes quick comprehension of risk factors

32、possible; directs attention to important activities or works which to the ; creates the conditions for making the strategic and operative decisions which are important for management and control of the works being realized.In the contemporary world, there is a large number of software packages which

33、 can be applied, the most significant being the Scheduler, Prima Vera and Projects. All these software packages serve the same purpose of planning the construction or realization of civil engineering projects; to create the conditions for making the correct and timely strategic and operative decisio

34、ns important for the reliable management with the projects realized by the construction companies during the civil engineering structures building.These programs are used for the standard and special calculations related to the rational exploitation of the available resources and their distribution

35、to the facilities or construction sites. According to the experiences so far, such requirements are best met by the software package Project 2003. It is certain that a symbiosis of this software package with the programs from the field of 3-D graphics would yield the best calculation and visual effe

36、cts in the field of civil engineering projects realization management. REFERENCES1. Fedorenko N.P, Kantorovi ? L.V i dr.: Matematika i kibernetika v ekonomike, Moskva, Ekonomika, 19742. Maynard H.B: Industrial engineering handbook (prevod sa engleskog), Beograd, Privredni pregled, 1975.3. Mirkovi ?

37、S: Organizacija i ekonomika gradjenja, Ni ? , Gradjevinski fakultet, 1995.4. Plamenac D:programski paketi za upravljanje projektima u gradjevinarstvu, Modul,N0 27, Beograd, 2004.5. Uro ?evi ? J., Dra ?ki ? -Ostoji ? J.: Primavera-upravljanje projektima uz pomo ? ra ?unara, Beograd, Beogradski Univer

38、zitet INN Boris Kidri ?- Vin ?a,1991 FACTA UNIVERSITATISSeries: Architecture and Civil EngineeringVol. 4, No 2, 2006, pp. 85 - 89CIVIL ENGINEERING PROJECTS REALIZATIONMANAGEMENT土木工程项目管理的实现斯洛博丹科维奇尼什大学土木建筑塞尔维亚学院摘要本文把实现土木工程管理或土木工程建筑施工管理，作为一个复杂动态的过程，这需要大量的战略和决策的执行来决定哪些对于成本效益和经济建设是重要且有 效的。执行该管理流程是不能实现的离开

39、这些步骤，如规划，组织，协调和控制。规 划作为初始功能，对于未来事件，任务和目标的预测是很重要的，提供更简单的计算机应用和软件包。这样的软件包更方便一体化管理，规划，实施，以及对工程过程实 现控制，即土木工程的整个建筑施工过程。这个应用程序最常见的案例是厦华维拉项目。这些软件包在应用中取得的经验已经表明，土木工程中的最好成绩已经通过软件包 PROJECT2003 实现。关键词 ：项目，软件包，管理过程，组织工程和建筑技术。简介从事实出发，土木工程或土木工程建筑施工管理的实现是一个非常复 杂的动态过程，受大量恒定的或随机字符的影响，可以说，结构的实现， 即建设，才有可能及时做出正确的决策，并采用

40、最有效的方法和途径实现 管理。根据此前的声明，土木工程项目是建筑施工管理的实现，作为一个决 策的动态过程，对活动功能的改善和土木工程生产的发展，作为一个宏观 系统，考虑相关信息的试用范围。管理就是通过这四个基本环节，其中包括：计划，组织，协调和控制规划是基本初始环节，决定了目标，任务，计划和方案，同时也是战 略决策最有效的实现方式。在其本质上，规划的目标是预测未来事件（那 些可以采取行动 ; 那些可以部分采取行动，以及那些可以在不久的将来采 取行动的事件）。组织作为一个环节有一个目标，组织体系的形成与适当的结构元素， 其能够以最佳的方式来实现计划的目标和任务，通过规划形成。协调作为一个环节有一

41、个目标，指导和连接组织系统的构成元素。在 本质上，它可以在执行时被视为经营管理或付诸实践的规划目标和任务。控制作为一个环节有一个目标，来完成对组织系统所获结果的控制， 对组织系统的行动实现了决定的目标和任务。 它控制的经营资源， 劳动力， 资金的使用或消费的规律，因此它被认为是在同一时间作为反馈记录的手 段，以及收集决策过程的重要信息。土木工程项目的管理可以有不同的方面，主要信息，组织，经济，生 产技术。一个成功的工程项目的实现需要土木工程生产的知识管理，其复杂性 和具体性相对于其他类型的生产。土木工程生产的基本细节体现在独特性 和其工作性质 ; 实物和土木工程建筑方面视为工作的结果 ; 最终

42、产品被不 同的角度所认知 ; 在其能力的普遍性和流动性 ; 在多变的气候，气象的作 用，地形，地质，地质力学作用和水文等条件。 建筑科技项目的基础土木工程项目管理的实现土木工程项目管理或建筑施工管理的实现需要做出及时，正确的决策 由此带来了高效率，成本效益，提高在执行重大的不稳定的随机条件下工 程的生产效率。这样不稳定的因为影响了建筑产量的增加 ; 有了较高的稳 定性和能力增加的积累 ; 施工质量才能得到改善 ; 施工时间减少 ;工作条件 得到改善 ; 建筑作品越来越自动化，机械化，施工人员专业技能和资质水 平的提高。如果建筑是在科学的施工组织基础上进行组织，那么这些目标 的实现是有可能的，在

43、当代的方法和技术的基础上，用当代规划方法，总 而言之，对工程质量准备工作的基础上。上述所有基础知识应该被考虑并 纳入当代建筑施工和技术项目，其中应包括建设情况或基本条件的研究 ; 技术整体工艺研究 ;规划;优化和生产储存设施， 临时的通信线路 （道路）， 基础设施网络，等静态和动态规划在施工组织中的核心地位。它是通过静 态与动态的规划和现代计算机的程序，现在项目广泛应用计算机和现代方 法程序，例如 ; 厦华维拉，调度等。所有这些方案使得项目管理成为可能，即，它们提供指导和协调，在 建筑施工课程的资源和建设时间。所有程序的根本问题是，它们有助于项目的时间规划，调整资源和开 支控制。他们在时间规划

44、和项目工期的框架内安排活动 ;改进和更新网络 ; 控制 网络服务能力 ; 网络编码 ; 时间参数和有关活动的持续时间采用相应的时 间表储量计算。时间规划报告以表格的形式给出网络规划，条形图的网络 规划是从事劳动，机械和财政直方图。控制和调整过程的资源，他们根据 分发和监控该活动大量资源，来提供他们的最佳使用。出于资源的控制和 调整的报告，他们提供真正适合使用的直方图和研究动态资源使用调整的 计划形式。在计算和控制成本方面，它们会自动计算出资金的活动，累积。从相 关成本的报告，它们按天，周，月和年（根据要求）产生的费用和表格报 告费用适当的直方图表示出来。在应用程序的某些项目，例如调度，厦华维拉

45、和项目，都表明出程序 包 2003 最适合土木工程生产的现代要求的原因是多方面的，最重要的是： 快速访问所有程序元素（活动 ;资源;课程，报告） ;所需数据的简单录入 ; 快速自动计算所有在处理过程中输入的变化 ; 资源简单的调整 ; 工作或活 动的持续时间的数量；与已知的简单管理的连接（SF: SS: FF）,预计持 续时间的活动 ;固定单位或固定工作 ;大多数活动组合与固定量的工作（强 度）容易使用 ； 例如固定单元中固定工作强度的活动 ； 有固定单位的活动 ； 固定工作强度的活动 - 工作活动 ； 有固定期限的活动 ； 定量的工作强度 - 固定持续时间的活动。例如,该程序包普瑞玛维拉仅利

46、用四个组合,分别 为：工作强度定量 - 固定单位的活动 ；有固定单位时间的活动 ；有固定续时 间的活动和单位 ； 活动有固定的单位和时间次。除其他事项外,应该指出的是,报告需要好的构思和组织。结论 土木结构的快速,高效的建设离开组织和建筑技术项目几乎是不可行 的,其中包括具有重要的经济和成本效益建筑的相关元素的工作。其中一 个组织和建筑技术的最重要的元素是本身规划,土木工程项目管理的精髓 就是建筑施工管理。土建项目和生产的复杂性,有很多参与者活动和大量 的连接材料的能量因素 ； 机械化设备 ； 劳动和工作条件使规划本身非常复 杂。即计算机为什么应用程序和软件包：通过加速多次规划过程 ； 使得风

47、 险因素可以快速理解 ； 将注意力转移到重要的活动或工作,最大程度的确 定施工的节奏 ；为管理和实现工程控制的重要战略和操作决策能够得以实 现创造了条件。在当今世界,有大量的软件包可以是应用,最显著的为调度,厦华维 拉和项目。所有这些软件包服务于土木工程项目的建设或实现同样的目标 创造条件以做出正确和及时的战略和经营决策对于建筑公司实现土木结构 建筑项目是很重要的。这些程序用于与合理的标准和特殊计算利用现有的 资源分布到设施或建设站点。根据到目前能满足这种需求的经验,最好是软件包2003,可以肯定的是，这个软件包是一个共生三维图形领域的程序 可以实现土建工程项目管理领域的最佳视觉效果和产量的计

48、算。参考1. Fedorenko N.P, Kantorovi? L.V i dr.: Matematika i kibernetika v ekonomike, Moskva, Ekonomika, 19742. Maynard H.B: Industrial engineering handbook (prevod sa engleskog), Beograd, Privredni pregled,佃 75.3. Mirkovi? S: Organizacija i ekonomika gradjenja, Ni?, Gradjevinski fakultet,佃 95.4. Plamen

49、ac D:programski paketi za upravljanje projektima u gradjevinarstvu, Modul,N0 27, Beograd, 2004.5. Uro?evi? J., Dra?ki?-Ostoji? J.: Primavera -upravljanje projektima uz pomo? ra?unara, Beograd, BeogradskiUniverzitet INN Boris Kidri? - Vin?a,1991选择我们，选择成功！如需备注，请自行写在下面：单片机毕业设计题目，电子毕业设计题目1. 单片机接入Interne

50、t技术在智能小区中的应用与研究2. 基于PIC单片机的高压智能同步开关控制系统设计3. 基于单片机的刚性转子现场动平衡测试系统的研制4. 基于单片机的现场多道核能谱数据采集系统研究5. 单片机模糊控制晶闸管直流调压系统的研究6. 单片机嵌入式TCPIP协议的研究与实现7. 基于单片机的几何参数主动量仪和通用测控仪的研制8. 基于C8051单片机的足球机器人小车控制系统设计9. 使用FPGA模拟实现8051单片机及其外设的功能10. 用于TDMoIP实现的E ,1功能卡单片机控制研究11. 基于MSP430单片机的数字式压力表的设计与实现12. 基于 CAN 总线的单片机流量控制系统的研究13.

51、 单片机和嵌入式系统开发平台化的研究14. 基于单片机语音识别系统设计15. 基于 80C196KC 单片机的舞蹈机器人控制系统16. 基于单片机的工业缝纫机控制系统研制17. 基于单片机的智能稳压电源18. PIC 单片机中国市场拓展战略19. 基于 FPGA 与单片机的高精度电子经纬仪光电信号处理系统研制20. 基于网络单片机的嵌入式远程监控系统研究21. 基于“单片机 +CPLDFPGA 体系结构”的程控交换机系统集成化设计22. 智能温室环境控制系统的设计与试验研究单片机信号采集及其通信控制系 统研究部分23. 弧焊逆变电源单片机控制系统的稳定性研究24. 单片机系统仿真对用户的软、硬

52、件系统运行过程仿真25. 单片机系统仿真生成用户硬件电路和汇编语言程序的故障诊断26. 单片机嵌入 TCPIP 的研究与实现27. 雷达模拟器中的单片机应用28. 基于单片机的沥青摊铺机自动调平控制器的研究29. 单片机控制逆变埋弧焊机系统设计30. 基于sx52单片机的web服务器的设计与实现31. 基于 VHDL 语言的单片机设计32. 单片机实现的仿人智能 PID 控制器33. 基于单片机的船舶柴油机冷却水温度控制系统34. 基于单片机的活性炭测氡仪的研制35. 单片机静脉麻醉靶控输注系统的研制与应用36. 基于 PC+ 单片机的环境风洞风速控制系统的研究37. 基于 CPLD 和单片机

53、的爆轰波数据采集系统设计38. 基于单片机和 DSP 的卷绕控制器数据采集和通讯设计39. 基于 MSP430 单片机的柴油发电机监控器的设计40. 基于 CPLDFPGA 和单片机的爆速仪设计41. 基于单片机控制的晶闸管中频感应电源的研制42. 基于十六位单片机的电力设备故障在线监测装置的设计与算法研究43. 基于 SPCE061A 单片机的语音识别系统的研究44. 基于 PIC 单片机的生物机能实验装置的研究45. 基于 Motorola MC68HC08 系列单片机演示系统的设计与实现46. 基于 TCPIP 协议的单片机与 INTERNET 互连的设计与实现47. 基于嵌入式实时操作

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