初中英语名词复习课件

1、第一讲,名,词,Noun,A,2,知识网络,名,词,名词的分类,专有名词,普通名词,可数名词,规则变化,不规则变化,不可数名词：不可数名词的量,名词所有格,所有格的构成,所有格的用法,名词双重所有格,名词的句法作用：作主语、宾语、定语等,普通名词,专有名词,人名、地名,可数名词,不可数名词,名词,A,4,名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词,名词,可数名词,个体名词,chair,book,集体名词,people,family,不可数名词,物质名词,rain,ice,sunshine,抽象名词,love,knowledge,考点一,名词的分类,名词单数的表达,一般可用,a,an,one,

2、来修饰,注,a,用于辅音,音素,开头的单词前,an,用,于,元音音素,开头的单词前,a,book,an,English book,an h,our,flower,flower,s,找规律,总结规则,watch,es,factory-factori,es,leaf,lea,ves,box,es,名词的复数形式,1,规则变化,1,一般在复数名词后加,s,s/or/z,dog,dog,s,book,book,s,2,以,s,x,ch,sh,结尾的名词加,es”/iz,box,box,es,watch,watch,es,3,以,辅音字母,加,y,结尾的名词,变,y,为,i,加,es,/iz,count

3、r,y,countr,ies,factor,y,factor,ies,请区别：如果是元音字母加,y,结尾的名词,则只须加,s,boy,boy,s,holiday,holiday,s,monkey,monkey,s,4,以,f,fe,结尾的名词,变,f,fe,为,v,再加,es,/vz,hal,f,hal,ves,shel,f,shel,ves,kni,fe,kni,ves,lea,f,lea,ves,找规律,tomato,es,potato,es,hero,es,英雄,想,吃,马铃,薯,和,西红柿,piano,s,5,以,o,结尾的名词,一般情况加,s,读,作,z,potato,tomato,

4、hero,除外,piano,piano,s,zoo,zoo,s,potato,potato,es,tomato,tomato,es,child-childr,en,woman-wom,e,n,sheep,man-m,e,n,2,不规则变化,1,单复数同形,Chinese,Chinese,fish,fish,Japanese,Japanese,sheep,sheep,2,变元音字母,oo,为,ee,t,oo,th,t,ee,th f,oo,t,f,ee,t,3,变,man,为,m,e,n,m,a,n,m,e,n wom,a,n,wom,e,n,policem,a,n,policem,e,n,Fr

5、enchm,a,n,Frenchm,e,n,请区别,German,德国人,German,s,中日”不变“英法”变，其余,s,加,后面,4,常以复数形式出现的名词,people clothes shoes,trousers glasses,这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用,复数,My clothes,are,newer than yours,3,可数名词可以被,a,an,one,two,以及,how many,many,a few,few,any,lots of,a lot of,some,等修饰,There are,a few,people,in the park,How many,kniv

6、es,are there in your,pencil-box,1.Several _ are talking,under the tree,And they are,talking about_,A,woman; children,B,woman; child,C,women; children,2. There are three,in my family,A. people B. person C. child,3. Some _ came to our school for a visit that day,A. Germans B. Germen,C. Germany D. Germ

7、anies,C,A,A,4. In the picture there are many_ and two_,A. sheeps; knifes B. sheeps; knife,C. sheep; knives,D. sheep; knife,5. There are four_and two_in the group,A. Japanese,Germen B. Japaneses,Germen,C. Japanese,German D. Japanese,Germans,D,C,不可数名词,物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词如,water,rice,fish,meat,等,work chal

8、k time space music,money weather homework,wood information news medicine,1,单个的不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用,单数,Some bread,is,over there,No news,is,good news,2,不可数名词不能直接被,a,an,one,two,等修饰，常用,how,much,much,a little,little,a lot,of,lots of,some,any,等修饰,They had,much,money,He does,little,housework at,home,a rice,X,two

9、 bread,X,3,可数名词和不可数名词都可以用,单位,of,名词,表达量，但单位后面的可数名词,用复数，不可数名词形式不变,a bag of,apples,a piece of,paper,three glasses of,orange,4,有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情,况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同,glass,玻璃,a glass,玻璃杯,work,工作,a work,著作,time,时间,times,次数,1. Please give me _ paper,A. one B. a pieces,C. a piece,D. a piece of,2. This table i

10、s made of_,A. many glass B. some glasses C. glasses D. glass,3,What can I do for you, sir,Id like two_,A.bottle of milk B.bottles of milks,C.bottles of milk D.bottle of milks,4. We can do the work better with_money,and,_ people,A. less, fewer B. fewer, less,C. little, little D. few, few,D,D,C,A,名词所有

11、格,表示名词间的所有关系,的,一,名词所有格的构成方法,1,一般情况下，在有生命的名词后加,s,Kangkang,s,father Lucy,s,book,2,以,s,结尾的复数名词,则在,s,后加,即可,Teachers,office The Greens,house,3,不以,s,结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按,惯例加,s,Children,s,Day * men,s,shoes,4,无生命名词的所有关系用,of,加名词,构成所属关系的短语,the color,of,the,wall,a picture,of,the,classroom,A,27,the,nameof,thezoo,动物园的

12、名字,the,frontwal,l,ofthe,cl,a,ssroom,教室的前墙,3,双重所有格：即,of,s,或,of,名词性物主代词，如,a,bookofmy,daughter,s,我女儿的一本书,Thefri,e,nd,ofhi,s,i,s,veryki,n,d,他的朋友非常友好,1. June 1st is _Day. All the Children enjoy it very,much,A. Children B. Childrens,C. Childrens D. Child,2. The two bedroom are the _,A. twins B. twins C .t

13、wins D. twins,C,C,重难点突破,小组讨论以下练习的答案并说明其原因,Our hospital needs two_doctors, Mrs. Li,You can ask your son to have a try,A. women B. man,C.woman D. men,D,名词的用法,1,修饰另一名词时,一般用单数,There are three,banana,trees over there,2,man woman,用做定语时,应与后面的名词保持数的一致,We need,a man teacher,They are all,women workers,3,sport

14、s,clothes,做定语时,仍用复数形式,a,sports,star,a,clothes,shop,2. This pair of shorts_too expensive,I cant afford_,A,are, them B. are, it,C. is, them D. is, it,重难点突破,C,当出现“单位,of,名词”时，谓语动词应根据“单位,的单复数决定,This pair of shoes,is,nice,比较,The shoes,are,nice,Here,are,two pieces of news,比较,The news,is,wonderful,3. The mo

15、del plane was made by a,_ boy,A. ten-years-old B. ten-year,older,C. ten-year-old D. ten-year,old,重难点突破,C,5. Where is Tom,He has gone to the _,A. teacher B. teachers,C. teachers D. teachers,重难点突破,D,名词所有格的几个注意点,可用名词所有格表示地点,地点名词习,惯上省略,my,aunts,home,我姑姑家,go to the,teachers,office,去老师办公室,6. Lucy is _ sis

16、ter,A. Mary and Jack B. Marys,and Jacks,C. Mary and Jacks D. Mary and,Jacks,重难点突破,D,8. Its _from our school to my,home,A. ten minutes walk B. ten,minutes walk,C. ten minute walk D. ten minutes,walk,重难点突破,A,名词所有格,s,也可以用于无生命的东西,主要用于时间,度量衡等名词之后,two,months,vacation a mile,s,distance,此表达可以和合成形容词互换,two,mo

17、nths,vacation= two,month,vacation,1 . Could you please get me some _? Im hungry,2011,年重庆中考第,24,题,A. apple,B. water,C. bread,D. egg,2. Something is wrong with my_. I cant see anything,around me,2010,年重庆中考第,22,题,A. nose B. ears C. eyes D. mouth,3. Mr. White has a beautiful garden with many _ in it,200

18、9,年重庆中考第,23,题,A. flowers B. grass C. villages D. water,直击中考,C,C,A,4.,How far is your cousins home from here,Its about two _ drive,2009,年重庆中考第,34,题,A. hours B. hours C. hours D. hour,5. Yao Ming did a good job in the basketball match,yesterday. He is my favorite _,2008,年重庆中考第,25,题,A. worker,B. teache

19、r,C. dancer,D,player,直击中考,C,D,6.All the _ teachers enjoyed themselves on,March 8th,because it was their own holiday,2007,年重庆中考第,24,题,A,man B. men C. woman D. women,直击中考,D,A,42,4,复合名词的复数形式有两种,1,将主体词变为复数，如,sister,in,law,sisters,in,law,嫂子,boy,classmate,boy,classmates,2,将复合词中两个词都变为复数,此种,复合词中第一个词须是,man,或

20、,woman,如,man,worker,men,workers,woman,teacher,women,teachers,A,43,5,特殊情况,1,有些名词只有复数形式，如,cl,o,t,h,es,short,s,pant,s,sci,s,sors,剪刀,goods,gl,a,sses,眼镜,2,有些名词以,s,结尾，但不是复数形式，如,news,mat,h,s,physi,c,s,pol,i,t,i,c,s,A,44,考,点四,名词的句法功能,1,名词作主语,名词在句中作的句子成分很多，但作主语尤为重要，应注意以下几种情况,1,一些以,s,结尾的名词。如,maths,physics,new

21、s,是单数或不可数名词，在句中作主,语时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式；但,trousers,shoes,glasses,等为复数概念，它们,在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但,a,this)pair,of,名词复数时，其主语是,a(this)pair,故谓语动词应用单数形式。如,Physics is a new subject in Grade Two,物理在初二是一门新科目,My glasses are red,我的眼镜是红色的,A new pair of pants is on the bed,床上有一条新短裤,2,表示时间、金钱、距离、价格等名词后加,s,作主语时，应视为一个整体，

22、故谓语动词,用单数形式。如,Twenty dollars is enough. 20,美元足够了,Three months is a short time,三个月很短,A,45,3)family,class,police,等作主语时，若表示整体概念，谓语动词用第三人称单数；当表,示其中的各个成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。如,Her family is moving to Liaoning next week,她家下周要搬到辽宁去,Her family are having supper now,她的家人正在吃晚饭,4)the,姓氏名词复数,后加,s,表示“一家”或“夫妇”，在句中作主语时，谓,语

23、动词应用复数形式。如,The Greens are Americans,格林一家是美国人,5)neither,单数名词或,neither of,复数名词，在句中作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数,形式，如,Neither answer is right,两个答案都不对,Neither of the boys often goes to the zoo on Sundays,星期天两个男孩都不经常去动物园,A,46,3)family,class,police,等作主语时，若表示整体概念，谓语动词用第三人称单数；当表,示其中的各个成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。如,Her family is moving

24、 to Liaoning next week,她家下周要搬到辽宁去,Her family are having supper now,她的家人正在吃晚饭,4)the,姓氏名词复数,后加,s,表示“一家”或“夫妇”，在句中作主语时，谓,语动词应用复数形式。如,The Greens are Americans,格林一家是美国人,5)neither,单数名词或,neither of,复数名词，在句中作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数,形式，如,Neither answer is right,两个答案都不对,Neither of the boys often goes to the zoo on Sundays,星期天两个男孩都不经常去动物园,A,47,6,主语后跟,with,except,together with,as well as,等短语时，谓语动词应与前面的主语,保持一致，而不受这些短语的影响。如,Mr Li with his students is discussing the math problem,李老师和他的学生在讨论数学题,All the girls except Mary are drawing in the classroom,除了玛丽以外所有的女生都在教室里画画,7,兼有双重身份的人作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式,A writer and wo