数控技术专业英语(第2版)：Unit 6 What is Manufacturing

1、Unit 6,Dialogue Text Supplementary Reading Translating skills 6,Dialogue,Topical Introduction: Tom and Mary are going to visit an automatic factory Tom: Hello, Mary. What about paying a visit to a “future” factory? Mary: Its a good idea. But when shall we go? Tom: I think wed better go on this Satur

2、day. Are you free this Saturday? Mary: I think Saturday would be OK. But I have to have a check with my study plan and see if I can finish my homework for this week. (Tom and Mary are now in an automatic factory) Mary: Tom, look here at the assembly line. All the assembly work is done automatically

3、with nobody working inside,下一页,返回,Dialogue,Tom: Yes. Thats true. Everything here is done automatically. Even the quality control is done automatically. Tom: (To the guide) Excuse me, Ms. Why is there no light in your workshop? Do the machines work without light? Guide: Thats true. Most machines here

4、 dont need lights for their work. They dont need any comfortable temperatures, either. Mary: But how can all this made it possible? Guide: Well, you know. It is the computer that has made it possible,上一页,返回,Text,下一页,返回,What is Manufacturing,Text,Maybe youve never thought about it before, but it is a

5、ll around you. It affects every part of your life. What is it? In this case, “it” is manufacturing. Actually “manufacturing” is not all around you. But manufactured products are. Look around you right now. Name some things you see that were manufactured. Chairs, notebooks, blue jeans, books, floor t

6、ile, chalkboards, light bulbs, pencils, eyeglasses-nearly everything around you was manufactured,下一页,上一页,返回,Text,下一页,上一页,返回,Fig. 1 Manufactured products are all around us,Text,Manufacturing affects our daily lives-what we wear(blue jeans), what we eat(breakfast cereal), what we watch(television), ho

7、w we travel(cars), and many many other things. In this text you will learn more about this process, this industry, called manufacturing. Imagine you life without manufacturing. You would have no bicycle to ride, no television to watch, and no sneakers to wear. There would no clothes, no furniture, n

8、o airplanes. Lifesaving devices1 such as artificial hearts could not even be imagined. Manufacturing is making products. And the products can be large or small, simple or complex,下一页,上一页,返回,Text,Making parts and putting them together is manufacturing. If you make parts and put them together to make

9、a product, you are manufacturing. But today, when most people think of manufacturing, they think of the manufacturing industry. The manufacturing industry is important to our society. Its essential to our economy. An economy is a system for producing and distributing product and services.2 Many peop

10、le work in manufacturing. They help produce products. And they buy products with the money they earn. The more products people buy, the more products are manufactured. And this allows more people to work,下一页,上一页,返回,Text,Manufacturing is also important to the economy in another way. A piece of materi

11、al is worth more after its been changed into a useful product. Thats value added. Value is increased by the manufacturing process,上一页,返回,Notes,1. lifesaving devices: 救生装置，指人造心脏等人造器官,返回,Notes,2. a system for producing and describing products and services: 指国民经济中形成的产品生产和分配服务体制,返回,Supplementary Reading

12、,Automated Factory and Automatic Factory The combination of computerized planning, production, and control (CIM) is an efficient way to manufacture parts and products. But buying all the hardware and software is expensive. There are two stages of development in CIM: l Automated factory l Automatic f

13、actory The Automated Factory,下一页,返回,Supplementary Reading,An automated factory is one in which many of the processes are self-operating. That is, the processes are directed and controlled by computers. The automated factory includes: l Manufacturing cells l Islands of automation l Flexible manufactu

14、ring systems Manufacturing cells are groups of machines working together as directed by a computer. Manufacturing cells that arent connected in any way are called islands of automation. Theyre like islands in an ocean. Each is independent of the others,下一页,上一页,返回,Supplementary Reading,Flexible manuf

15、acturing systems (FMS) are groups of manufacturing cells and flexible machining centers. The cells and FMCs are tied together by an automated materials-handling system and by computer control. The automatic factory Imagine a factory in which there are no people working. All the parts are made by,下一页

16、,上一页,返回,Supplementary Reading,automatic machines. All materials are moved by automatic materials-handling equipment. All assembly work is done by automatic assembly machines. And the quality control checking is all done automatically. The factory may be dark inside. It may not even be heated or air

17、conditioned. Most machines do not need lights or comfortable temperatures. A factory in which everything is done by machines automatically is an automatic factory,下一页,上一页,返回,Supplementary Reading,Integration of systems. In an automatic factory, all the various systems work together. This integration

18、 of the various systems into one giant system makes the factory “automatic.” All the information collected from all the subsystems is kept an a main computer. The main computer directs the other computers. Since all records are kept in computer files there is no need for file cabinets, typewrites, a

19、nd similar types of equipment. A copy of a report or drawing can be printed at any time,上一页,返回,Translating skills 6,常见多功能词的译法 (2) IIIThat 的译法： 1 That 作为限定词，可译成“那”、“该”等 Up to that time wood and stone were still the main building materials. 直到那时，木材和石头仍是主要的建筑材料。 The amount of voltage used up for each r

20、esistor is called the voltage drop across that resistor. 每一电阻所消耗的电压量称为该电阻上的电压降,下一页,返回,Translating skills 6,2 That 作为指示代词的译法 (1) that 代表前面的句子时，可译成“这”。 Plastics are light and strong and do not rust at all. That is why they find such wide uses in industry. 塑料既轻又牢，毫不生锈。这就是塑料在工业上应用如此广泛的原因。 Water and ice

21、having nearly the same density, sound travels at nearly the same speed through both. That is the chief reason for the failure of the experiment. 由于水和冰的密度几乎相同，声波通过二者的速度几乎相同。这就是实验未能成功的主要原因,下一页,上一页,返回,Translating skills 6,2) that代替前面某一名词时，由于汉语没有这种现象，翻译时往往重复所代替的名词。Those是that的复数形式，译法与that相同。 Mild steel h

22、as a high tensile strength, this being 200 times that of concrete 低碳钢具有很高的抗拉强度，大约是混凝土的抗拉强度的200倍。. The unit of weight is the gram, that of length is the meter, and that of capacity is the liter. 重量的单位是克，长度的单位是米，容积的单位是公升,下一页,上一页,返回,Translating skills 6,That atoms of one element differ in structure fro

23、m those of every other element. 一种元素的原子结构不同于其他任何一种元素的原子结构。 We need frequencies even higher than those we call very high frequency. 我们所需要的频率甚至比我们称之为甚高频的频率还要高。 3 That作为关系代词的译法 That 作为关系代词，引导定语从句；定语从句可以合译也可以分译(详见“定语从句的译法”)，that的处理方法也随之而异,下一页,上一页,返回,Translating skills 6,1) 合译时，that省去不译，但要在定语从句之末增添“的”字 P

24、ower is the rate that mechanical work is performed at. 功率是做机械功的速率。 The distance that light travels in one second is 300,000 kilometers. 光每秒钟点所通过的距离是30万公里。 (2) 分译时，that可译成重复所代替的名词或译成“它” Matter is composed of molecules that are composed of atoms. 物质是由分子组成，而分子是由原子组成。 An element is a simple substance th

25、at cannot be broken up into anything simpler. 元素是一种单质，它不可能再分成任何更单纯的物质,下一页,上一页,返回,Translating skills 6,4. that作为连词引导同位语从句的译法 (1) 同位语从句与主句分译时，that可译成“即” Energy takes many forms, but all these forms can be reduced to the statement that energy is the capacity to do work. 能量具有多种形式，但所有这些形式都可以归纳为一句话，即能量是做功

26、的能力。 It is well known fact that bats, though almost blind, never fail to catch small insects in the air. 这是尽人皆知的事实，即蝙蝠虽然几乎没有视觉，但在捕捉空中的小虫时从未失误,下一页,上一页,返回,Translating skills 6,2）同位语从句与主句合译，that译成“这一” The idea that energy is conserved is the first law of thermodynamics. 能量守恒这一概念是热力学的第一定律。 We all know t

27、he theory that matter is made up of atoms and molecules. 我们都知道物质由原子和分子构成这一理论。 （3）在主句与同位语从句之间加冒号，that可略去不译。 The general statement can be made that wherever there is motion there is friction. 一般可以这样说：凡有运动的地方，总有摩擦,下一页,上一页,返回,Translating skills 6,In 1905 Einstein worked out a theory that matter and ener

28、gy were not completely different things. 1905年，爱因斯坦提出了一个理论：物质和能量并非完全不同的东西。 5. that引导表语从句的译法 That引导表语从句时，一般略去不译。如表语从句较长，可在主句与从句之间增加冒号，或增译“在于,下一页,上一页,返回,Translating skills 6,One of the advantages of concrete is that it can be easily shaped into any desired form. 混凝土的优点之一是它易于制成所需要的任何形状。 The law of elec

29、tric current is that an electric current varies directly as the voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance. 电流定律就是：电流与电压成正比，与电阻成反比,下一页,上一页,返回,Translating skills 6,6That引导主语从句，宾语从句和用在强调句型时的译法 That引导主语从句宾语从句和用在强调句型时，一律省去不译，有时在宾语从句前加上逗号。 It is generally believed that oil is derived from marin

30、e plant and animal life. 通常认为石油来源于海产动植物（that 引导主语从句） We know that stationary object exerts force by virtue of its weight. 我们知道静止的物体由自重而产生压力（that引导宾语从句） It is this property that allows the hammering and rolling of metals into thin sheets. 正是这种特性使得金属能锤轧成薄片（that 引导强调句,下一页,上一页,返回,Translating skills 6,7T

31、hat引导结果状语从句和目的状语从句时的译法 That作为连词引导结果状语从句和目的状语从句时，前者可译成“因而”、“一致”、“从而”等，后者可译成“才”“以便”等。 The climate is very hot and dry that much evaporation takes place. 天气既很炎热又很干燥，因而出现大量的蒸发。 The IC has brought in an era of fundamental changes that it already has the characteristics of a second industrial revolution.

32、集成电路开创了一个引起许多根本性变化的时代，从而使这个时代具有第二次工业革命的特征,下一页,上一页,返回,Translating skills 6,The parts must be very strong that they may not break in use. 零件必须十分坚固，才不会在使用中破损。 Most parts of that machine will be made of plastic instead of metal that its weight may be decreased greatly. 那台机器的大部分零件将不用金属而用塑料制造，以便大大减轻其重量。 8

33、Itthat结构的常见句型及其译法 It appears that看来 It can be foreseen可以预料 It can be seen that可见，能够看出，不难看出,下一页,上一页,返回,Translating skills 6,It cannot be denied that无可否认 It follows that由此可见 It happened that恰巧，碰巧 It has been illustrated that已经举例说明 It has been objected that有人反驳 It has been proved that已经证明 It has been s

34、een that可以看出 It has been shown that有人指出 It has been viewed that讨论了 It is accepted that可以接受的是 It is a fact than事实上,下一页,上一页,返回,Translating skills 6,It is a good thing that好在 Its a pity that可惜，遗憾的是 It is a wonder that令人奇怪的是 It is a alleged that据称 It is announced that普遍认为 It is apparent that显然 It is arr

35、anged that已经商定，已经准备 It is assumed that推测，假定 It is believed that大家相信，据信，人们认为 It is common knowledge that众所周知 It is certain that无疑,下一页,上一页,返回,Translating skills 6,It is claimed that有人宣称，据称 It is clear that显然 It is considered that人们认为，据估计 It is decided that已经决定 It is declared that据宣称 It is demonstrated

36、 that据证实，已经证明 It is desirable that最好 It is doubtful that值得怀疑的是 It is evident that显然 It is essential that重要的是 It is estimated that据估计,下一页,上一页,返回,Translating skills 6,It is expected that人们希望，可以预期 It is felt that有人感到 It is found that人们发现 It is generally agreed that人们通常认为，普遍认为 It is generally considered

37、 that大家普遍认为 It is generally recognized that通常认为 It is hoped that希望 It is important that重要的是 It is impossible that 是不可能的 It is known that众所周知 It is learned that据说,下一页,上一页,返回,Translating skills 6,It is likely that很可能 It is mentioned that据说，已经提到 It is natural that自然 It is necessary that有必要，是必要的 It is n

38、oted that人们注意到，有人指出 It is noticed that人们注意到，有人指出，有人注意到 It is obvious that显然 It is outlined that概括地说 It is pointed out that有人指出 It is possible that有可能 It is predicated that预计，据估计,下一页,上一页,返回,Translating skills 6,It is preferred that最好 It is preferable that最好 It is probable that也许 It is proposed that有人

39、提出，有人建议 It is regarded that人们认为 It is reported that据报告 It is said that据说 It is satisfactory that令人满意的是 It is stated that据说，有人说 It is stressed that有人强调指出，人们强调 It is suggested that有人建议,下一页,上一页,返回,Translating skills 6,It is supposed that据推测，假定 It is taken that有人认为 It is thought that我们认为 It is true that

40、诚然 It is turned out that结果是 It is understood that大家都明白 It is unlikely that 是不大可能的 It is well known that众所周知 It is worthwhile that 是值得的 It is may be safely said that 可以有把握地说,下一页,上一页,返回,Translating skills 6,It may be safely said without fear of exaggeration that可以毫不夸张地说 It must be admitted that必须承认 It

41、 must be kept in mind that必须记住 It must be stressed that必须着重指出 It is no good that 是无用的 It is no use that 是无用的 It is no wonder that难怪 It remains to be discussed that 有待定论 It seems that看来，似乎 It should be noted that必须注意,下一页,上一页,返回,Translating skills 6,It should be pointed out that应当指出 It will be said that有人会说 It should be stressed that应当强调的是 It will be seen from this