人体解剖学respiratary system.ppt

1、Chapter 4 The Respiratory System,主 讲 人 李文春,The General Description Composition,Respiratory tract Nose Pharynx upper respiratory tract Larynx Trachea lower respiratory tract Bronchi Paired Lungs Function,Up,Section 1 The Nose 鼻,I.External nose: Root of nose Back of nose Apex of nose Alae of nasi II.N

2、asal cavity divided into two halves by the nasal septum Little region,Up,Two parts: Nasal vestibule. Proper nasal cavity Lateral wall Nasal conchae Nasal meatus Sphenoethmoidal recess,Up,Remove the middle nasal conchae Semilunar hiatus Ethmoidal infundibulum Ethmoidal bulla Nasolacrimal canal,Up,Muc

3、ous membrane of nose Olfactory region嗅区 Respiratory region 呼吸区,Up,III.The paranasal sinuses and their site of drainage into the nose,Up,Section 2 The Larynx 喉,Positionsituated in the anterior part of the neck (below the hyoid bone), and extends from vertebral level of C3 to C6,Up,I.Layngeal cartilag

4、es,(I)Thyroid cartilage Shield-shaped cartilage Laryngeal prominence (II)Cricoid cartilage Complete ring of cartilage (shaped like a signet ring),Up,(III)Arytenoid Paired, pyramid shaped (IV)Epiglottic cartilage leaf-shaped elastic cartilage,Up,II.Laryngeal joints Thyrohyroid membrane cricothyroid j

5、oint cricoarytenoid joint,Up,Quadrangular membrane Conus elasticus vocal ligament Median cricothyroid ligment Cricotracheal ligament,Up,III.Muscles of larynx IV .Laryngeal cavity,(I)Aperture of larynx bounded by upper border epiglottic cartilage, aryepiglottic folds and interarytenoid notch,Up,Struc

6、ture features Two folds : Vestibular folds Vocal folds Two fissures Rima vestibulithe Fissure of glottis Intermembranous part Intercartilagrnous part,Up,(II)Three parts Laryngeal vestibule Intermedial cavity of larynx Ventricle of larynx Infraglottic cavity,Up,Section 3 The Trachea and Bronchi,Posit

7、ion Structure features Consists of about 1620 C-shaped incomplete tracheal cartilages Carina of trachea,I.Trachea,Up,II.Bronchi,Right principal bronchus Shorter, wider, and more vertical Left principal bronchus Narrower, longer, and more horizontal,Up,Section 4 The Lungs,Position General features Co

8、ne-shaped An Apex of lung A Base of lung Three surfaces Three borders,Up,Medial surface Hilum of lung Root of lung Order of structures From before backward: V.A.B. From above downward: R.B. A. V. L.A. B. V.,Up,Lobes and Fissure Right lung Two fissures : horizontal and oblique Three lobes Left lung O

9、ne fissure : oblique Two lobes,Up,III. The Bronchial treeIV .Bronchopulmonary segments,Up,Section 5 The Pleura,General features Serous membranes forming closed sacs Two layers Visceral pleuraadheres to lung Parietal pleuralines the thoracic cavity,Up,pleural cavity: Two pleural layers continue with

10、each other at root of lung formed a closed potential space Contains a small amount of pleural fluid Subatmospheric pressure in it,I.Named parts of parietal pleura,Cupula of pleura Costal pleura Mediastinal pleura Diaphragmatic pleura,II.Pleura recesses Costodiaphragmatic recesse They are the slit-like intervals and the lowest points of pleural cavit