高考英语考前冲刺精选专题资料汇编阅读理解(一)

1、2012 届高考英语考前冲刺精选专题资料汇编阅读理解（一）amost americans would have a difficult time telling you， specifically， what are thevalues which americans live by.they have never given the matter any thought.over the years i have introduced thousands of international visitors to life in theunitedstates.thishas caused m

2、e to try tolook atamericansthroughtheeyes of foreignvisitors.iam confidentthatthe valueslistedinthis bookletdescribemost(butnotall)americans ，and that understanding these values can help you， the internationalvisitor， understand americans.itismy beliefthat ifforeignvisitorsreallyunderstandhow deeply

3、these13 valuesareingrainedinamericans ，theywillthen be able to understand95%ofamerican actions actions which might otherwise appear“strange”，“ confusing”，or “ unbelievable”when evaluated from the perspective (aspect)of the foreigners own society and itsvalues.the different behaviors of a people or a

4、 culture make sense only when seen throughthebasicbeliefs， assumptionsand valuesof thatparticulargroup.whenyou encounter(meet)an action ， or hear a statement in the united states which surprises you，tryto see it as an expression of one or more of the values listed in this booklet.1 an ordinary ameri

5、can can t tell you his/her value system because_.a this is something an american lives byb everyone will have his/her own value systemc he/she has never thought about itd values are something often in their thought2 the author lists 13 values in his booklet to_.a invite foreigners to visit americab

6、look at americans through the eyes of foreign visitorsc describe the confusing actions of most americansd help international visitors understand americans3the underlinedword“ ingrained”inline2，paragraph 3 most probablymeans“ _”a rootedinthemindsb found inthegrainsc plantedforfooddpreparedwith grain4

7、 visitors sometimes find americans behaveina strange ， confusing orunbelievableway， probably because_.a americans are hard to understandb americans have values which are entirely different from their ownc they view americans according to the values in their own societyd it is difficult to understand

8、 any people when you first encounter them【解题导语】 本文是一本书的序言。作者观察到，很多外国游客对美国人的行为举止感到很奇怪，而这是因为他们不了解美国人的价值观。于是作者写了一本小册子介绍这些价值观。了解了这些东西，人们就不会觉得美国人的行为“怪异、不可思议”了。1. 答案 c 解析：考查细节理解。第一段说，美国人很难告诉你他们奉行的价值观是什么，因为他们从来没有想过这个问题。2.答案 d解析：考查推理判断。由第二、三段的内容可知作者列出美国人的13 条价值观用心爱心专心- 1 -是为了帮助外国游客理解美国人的行为举止。3.答案 a解析：考查词义猜测

9、。结合上下文内容可知这13 条是美国人从来不加考虑而奉行的价值观，因此这些是深深地扎根于美国人的大脑中的东西，画线词的含义应该是a 项。4. 答案 c 解析：考查推理判断题。第三段说假如外国游客从自己的文化价值观的角度去看美国人的行为，他们就会觉得美国人的行为表现“怪异，让人看不懂，难以相信” ，由此可知选 c 项。passage b (2009年浙江金丽衢十二校联考)the average american will have three to five careers,10 to 12 jobs， and will holdeach one for an average of 3.5 ye

10、ars throughout his or her lifetime， according tothe u s. department of labor. does this sound familiar? are you still strugglingto find the ideal career?finding_your_dream_job_may_be_as_simple_as_opening_that_bag_of_potato_chips_in_your_kitchen_cupboard.a studyconductedby alan hirsch ， neurologicald

11、irectorofthesmell & tastetreatmentand research foundation， chicago ， foundthatjobsatisfactionis correlatedtoyourfavoritesnack. “ a person s jobselectionreflectshis essentialessence and his personality，” he maintains.“ food choices like selections ofclothing， movies ， and spouses can provide insight

12、in personality and characterstructure. thus， the typical personality traits associated with snack preferencescan be used to help predict occupational choices， because a person s job selectionalso reflects his essential essence and his personality.”peoplewho choose potatochipstosatisfytheirsnackingur

13、geshave highexpectationsnot only for themselves， but for those around them. competitive. they usually comeout on top in business， sports ， and social situations. (lawyer， tennis player，police officer， ceo)formal ， alwaysproper， conscientious，and principled.peoplewho cravecheesecurlshave a well - dev

14、elopedsense ofintegrityand maintainthemoralhighground withtheirfamily ，coworkers，and romanticpartners.they plan ahead for any possiblecatastrophe.with band - aids and batteries， the cheese curl lover s house is always stocked andready. ( real estate agent， psychiatrist(精神病医师 ) ， producer)self - assu

15、redand confident ， thosewho prefer popcornarebest described as take - chargesort of people. they will not hesitate to assume extra work on the job or take onchoresat socialgatherings.even thoughthey are self - confident， popcorn loversaremodest and humble ， and would never be considered showoffs.pop

16、corn buffs are hiddensuccesses.(teacher， artist， truck driver， nurse ， judge ，neurosurgeon)1 what does the passage mainly tell us?a. snack preference may reflect ones personality and character structure.b. snack preference may predict ones career choice.c. people in different careers may prefer diff

17、erent snacks.d. food choices are just like one s selection of clothing， movies ， and spouses.2 the underlined sentence in the second paragraph implies that_.a. a snack lover is more likely to find his dream jobb. it is becoming much easier to find your dream job than beforec. job hunting nowadays is

18、 as easy as finding your favorite snack用心爱心专心- 2 -d. we can tell one s occupational choice by his favorite snack 3 a person who likes cheese curls is most likely to be a_.a. police officerb. judgec. producerd. truck driver4 the favorite snack of a ceo is probably_.a. potato chipsb. popcornc. cheese

19、curlsd. nuts【解题导语】 本文是一篇科普阅读。一项研究发现，一个人的零食偏好往往能够反映出他未来的择业倾向。1. 答案 b 解析：主旨大意题。概括全文内容特别是文章第二段可知，本文主要介绍一个人的零食偏好往往能够反映出他未来的择业倾向。a 项是文章的细节，不是本文的中心和主旨。2. 答案 d 解析：推理判断题。应该把这句话跟下文联系起来理解，这句话还是说明根据一个人的零食偏好就能判断他未来会选择什么样的职业。3. 答案 c 解析：细节理解题。从第四段最后可知，喜欢奶酪卷的人适合的职业之一是制片人。4.答案 a解析：细节理解题。从第三段可知，ceo喜欢的食物是 potato chip

20、s。passage c(2010年黄冈中学期中测试)doomedbeautiessuch as cleopataand manilynmonroe were farfromaloneintheirmisery.veryattractivepeopletend toformpartnershipsthatare lessstableand satisfyingthan those enjoyed by plain_janes .accordingtotheresearchbydr john blaineoftheuniversityofsoutherncalifornia,relationshi

21、ps between people whose professions largely depend on their appearance,such as models or actors,tend to end much fasterthanthosebetween lawyers,doctorsand students.blainesaidthebeautifulfeltdifferentfromchildren.they aretreatedasspecial,which may create both arrogance (傲慢 )and insecurity. all too of

22、ten, beauty can beused as an alternativeto education.oftentheyare pushed outoftheirclassor town,told to go off and make their fortune in hollywood or london and, when the majorityfail, they have few talents to make a living.blaineadded that beautifulpeoplescorepoorlyon the“ big five” thekeyfactorsam

23、erican experts consider when helpingdistressed couples.these areneuroticism(神经过敏 ) ， including anger and anxiety; extroversion(性格外向) ； openness to newexperiences;agreeableness;conscientiousness,and stickingbyagreementstheyhavemade. attractive people often see no reason to try to change until their l

24、ooks startto fade.krista sutherlanf, of the university of california los angeles, said partnershipsthat appeared to be perfect from the outside, such as the former“dream teams” ofnicole kidman and tom cruise or hugh grant and elizabeth hurley, where backgroundsand aspirations(抱负 ) are often shared，

25、did not necessarily lead to happiness.1 what can we infer from the first sentence of the passage?a beautiful women always felt lonely.b beautiful women were always alone.c many beautiful women didn t end up with a happy life.d beautiful women always lived a happy life.2 the underlined phrase“ plain

26、janes” in the passage refers to“ _”用心爱心专心- 3 -a ordinarylooking womenb women called janec common peopled attractive women3 we can infer from the passage that_.a hugh grant and elizabeth hurley were a coupleb nicole kidman and tom cruise were very satisfied with their lifec when theyfail in hollywood

27、, the beautiful have little trouble in making a livingd the marriage of the beautiful often lasts long4 which of the following is the best title?a five key factors affecting the partnership b beauties are doomed to fail inlovec beautiful or common?d the beauties are different【解 】本文 文，作者 了 一个 点：美女并不幸

28、福。1. 答案 c解析：考 推理判断。第一段 漂亮的人，其partnership往往不如普通人的 定和 人 意，由此判断，文章开 “克莱奥帕特拉和 ?梦露等美女的悲惨命运 非个例”意在表明“很多美女的生活都不幸福”。2. 答案 a解析：考 猜 。从 境看，画 部分的plain janes指与前面提到的美女相 的、相貌平常的女性，因此 a。3. 答案 a 解析：考 推理判断。最后一段 ，外界看上去很完美的关系，比如未必最 有幸福的 局。再 合上文 述可判断hugh grant和 elizabeth hurley是夫妻关系，故选 a，其他 都与文章内容不符。4. 答案 b 解析：考 主旨大意。文章

29、主要 述了美女命运多舛的 点，并分析了其中的原因，故 b 最适合 本文 。1do american children still learn handwriting in school? in the age of the keyboard,some people seem to think handwriting lessons are on the way out. 90% of teacherssay theyarerequiredtoteachhandwriting.but studieshave yetto answer thequestionof how wellthey aret

30、eachingit.one study publishedthis yearfoundthatabout threeout of every four teachers say they are not prepared to teach handwriting. someteachersare teachinghandwritingby providing instructionfor1015 minutesa day,and then other teachers who basically teach it for 60 to 70 minutes a day whichreally f

31、or handwriting is pretty much.many adults remember learning that way by copying letters over and over again.today s thinking is that short periods of practice are better. many experts alsothink handwritingshouldnotbe taught by itself.instead,theysayit shouldbe usedas a way to get students to express

32、 ideas. after all, that is why we write.handwritinginvolvestwo skills.one islegibility,_whichmeans formingthelettersso they can be read. the other is fluency writing without having to think aboutit. fluency continues to develop up until high school.but not everyone masters these skills. teachers com

33、monly report that about onefourth of their kids have poor handwriting. some people might think handwriting isnot important any more because of computers and voice recognition programs.but steve graham at vanderbiltsays word processingisrarelydone inelementaryschool,especiallyin theearlyyears.america

34、nchildrentraditionallyfirstlearntoprint,and then to write in cursive, which connects the letters. but guess what we learned用心爱心专心- 4 -froma spokeswoman forthecollegeboard,which administersthesat collegeadmissiontest.more than 75 percentof students chooseto printtheir essayon thetestratherthan write

35、in cursive.出处： 2010 广东十校联考体裁：议论文话题：在键盘普及的年代美国的书法教学情况。阅读策论：抓住论点，抓住观点，把握中心，再结合作为论据的诸多事例以及它们与观点之间的内在联系，从而理解文章的结构。入选理由：文章难度适中，话题贴近社会，题目设计合理巧妙。1 we can learn _ from paragraph 1.a. teaching handwriting is a basic requirement in teaching jobb. most teachers prefer to teach handwritingc. teachers spend litt

36、le time in teaching handwritingd. a keyboard has taken the place of the handwriting entirely2 which of the following is wrong for traditional handwriting in the usa?a. the students are taught by practicing a long period.b. the letters are repeated many times.c. handwriting includes two skills.d. to

37、write in cursive is taught first.3the underlined word“legibility” in paragraph 3 means _.a. easy to readb. complexc. unexpectedd. unreadable4 the best title for the passage is _.a. how to improve handwriting in schoolb. right or wrong: the death of handwritingc. handwriting involves two skillsd. han

38、dwriting lessons are on the way out5the author s attitude towards whetherstill to learn handwriting in schoolis_.a. negativeb. objectivec. criticald. optimistic2.a few years ago ， paul gerner began to gather a group of architects in las vegas toask them what it wouldtaketo design a publicschool that

39、used 50 percent lessenergy,cost much less to build and obviously improved student learning.“i think half ofthem fell off their chairs,”gerner says.gerner manages schoolfacilities( 设施 ) for clark county,nevada，a districtroughlythesize of massachusetts.by 2018,143,000additionalstudentswillenterthealre

40、adycrowded public education system. gerner needs 73 new schools to house them. fourarchitectureteams have nearlyfinisheddesigningprimaryschoolprototypes( 样品 ) ；theyplan to construct theirschoolsstarting in 2009. the districtwill then assesshow well the schools perform, and three winners will copy th

41、ose designs in 50 to 70 new buildings.green schools are appearing all over, but in clark county， which stands out for its用心爱心专心- 5 -vastness, such aggressivetargetsare difficultbecause designrequirementslikemorenatural light for students go against the realities of a desert climate.“one ofthebiggest

42、challengesisgettingtherightsiteorientation(朝向 ) ，” mark mcginty,a director at sh architecture, says. his firm recently completed a high school inlas vegas. “you have the same building, same set of windows, but if its orientationis incorrect and it faces the sun, it will be really expensive to cool.”

43、surprisingly,theman responsibleforone ofthemostprogressivegreendesigncompetitions has doubts about ideas of ecofriendly buildings.“i don t believein the new green religion，” gerner says.“some of the building technologies thatyou get areimpractical. im interested inthose that work.”but he wouldnt min

44、difsome green featuresinspire students.he sayshe hopes tosetup greenenergy systemsthat allow them to learn about the process of harvesting wind and solar power.“younever know whatsgoing to starttheinterestofa child to studymath and science，”hesays.出处： 2009皖南八校第二次联考体裁：记叙文话题：创造性思维是我们每个人都应该有的，但是一切应该从实际

45、出发，不切实际的想法也就如同空中楼阁。本文所涉及的主人公 gerner 想创办一所绿色学校的想法遭到了很多人的质疑，他的设计要求连他自己也开始怀疑。阅读策略：抓住中心人物，按照线索弄清来龙去脉，理解整篇文章入选理由：文章采用话题独特，设计的题目值得学生推敲1 how did the architects react togerners design requirements?a. they lost balance in excitement.b. they showed strong disbelief.c. they expressed little interest.d. they bu

46、rst into cheers.2 which order of steps is followed in carrying out the project?a. assessment prototype design construction.b. assessment design prototype construction.c. design assessment prototype construction.d. design prototype assessment construction.3 what makes it difficult to build green scho

47、ols in clark county?a. the large size.b. limited facilities.c. the desert climate.d. poor natural resources.4 what does gerner think of the ideas of green schools?a, they are questionable.b. they are out of date.c. they are advanced.d. they are practical.3a yearago august, davefuss lost hisjob driving a tr