营商环境报告英文版DOING BUSINESS

1、营商环境报告英文版（DOING BUSINESS ） DOINGBUSINESSTrainingforReTRADINGACROSSBORDERS?InternationalBankforReconstructionandDevelopment/TheWorldBank1818HStreetNW,WashingtonDC20433Telephone:202-473-1000;Internet:ThisworkisaproductofthestaffofTheWorldBankwithexternalcontributions.Thefindings,inter

2、pretations,andcon-clusionsexpressedinthisworkdonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsofTheWorldBank,itsBoardofcutiveDirectors,orthegovernmentstheyrepresent.TheWorldBankdoesnotguaranteetheaccuracyofthedataincludedinthiswork.Theboundaries,colors,denominations,andotherinationshownonanymapinthisworkdonotimplyany

3、judgmentonthepartofTheWorldBankconcerningthelegalstatusofanyterritoryortheendorsementoracceptanceofsuchboundaries.RightsandPermissionsThematerialinthisworkissubjecttocopyright.BecauseTheWorldBankencouragesdisseminationofitsknowledge,thisworkmaybereproduced,inwholeorinpart,fornoncommercialpurposesasl

4、ongasfullattributiontothisworkisgiven.Anyqueriesonrightsandlicenses,includingsubsidiaryrights,shouldbeaddressedtoWorldBankPublications,TheWorldBankGroup,1818HStreetNW,Washington,DC20433,USA;fax:202-522-2625;25e-mail:emailprotectedCoverdesign:CorporateVisions,Inc.COMPARINGBUSINESSREGULATIONFORDOMESTI

5、CFIRMSIN190ECONOMIESAWorldBankGroupFlagshipReportDOINGBUSINESSTrainingforReTRADINGACROSSBORDERSDOINGBUSINESSCurrentfeaturesNewsontheDoingBusinessprojectRankingsHoweconomiesrankfrom1to190/rankingsDataAllthedatafor190economiestopicrankings,indicato

6、rvalues,listsofregulatoryproceduresanddetailsunderlyingindicators/dataReportsAccesstoDoingBusinessreportsaswellassubnationalandregionalreports,casestudiesandcustomizedeconomyandregionalprofiles/reportsologyTheologiesandresearchpapersunderlyingDoi

7、ngBusiness/ologyResearchAbstractsofpapersonDoingBusinesstopicsandrelatedpolicyissues/researchDoingBusinessresShortsummariesofDBbusinessregulationresandlistsofressinceDB2006/resHistoricaldataCustomizeddatasetssinceDB2004

8、/custom-queryLawlibraryOnlinecollectionofbusinesslawsandregulationsrelatingtobusiness/law-libraryContributorsMorethan13,800specialistsin190economieswhoparticipateinDoingBusiness/contributors/doing-businessEntrepreneursh

9、ipdataDataonnewbusinessdensity(numberofnewlyregisteredcompaniesper1,000working-agepeople)for143economies/data/exploretopics/entrepreneurshipEaseofdoingbusinessscoreDatabenchmarking190economiestothebestregulatorypracticeandaneaseofdoingbusinessscorecalculatorhttp:/www.doing

10、/data/ease-of-doingbusiness-scoreInationongoodpracticesShowingwherethemanygoodpracticesidentifiedbyDoingBusinesshavebeenadopted/data/good-practiceResourcesontheDoingBusinesswebsiteDOINGBUSINESS?DoingBusinessisthe16thinaseriesofannualreportsinvestigatingtheregul

11、ationsthatenhancebusinessactivityandthosethatconstrainit.DoingBusinesspresentsquantitativeindicatorsonbusinessregulationandtheprotectionofpropertyrightsthatcanbecomparedacross190economiesfromAfghanistantoZimbabweandovertime.?Regulationsaffecting11areasofthelifeofabusinessarecovered:startingabusiness

12、,dealingwithconstructionpermits,gettingelectricity,registeringproperty,gettingcredit,protectingminorityinvestors,payingtaxes,tradingacrossborders,enforcingcontracts,resolvinginsolvencyandlabormarketregulation.Thelabormarketregulationdataarenotincludedinthisyearsrankingontheeaseofdoingbusiness.?Datai

13、nDoingBusinessarecurrentasofMay1,.Theindicatorsareusedtoanalyzeeconomicoutcomesandidentifywhatresofbusinessregulationhaveworked,whereandwhy.ivForeword1Overview22AboutDoingBusinessCasestudies33StartingaBusinessandRegisteringProperty:Theroleoftraininginfacilitatingentrepreneurshipandpropertyrights39Ge

14、ttingElectricity:Understandingthebenefitsofwiringregulation46TradingAcrossBorders:Trainingfortradefacilitation53EnforcingContractsandResolvingInsolvency:Trainingandefficiencyinthejudicialsystem61Annex:LaborMarketRegulation:TrendsfromDoingBusinessdata67References73DataNotes126EaseofDoingBusinessScore

15、andEaseofDoingBusinessRanking133SummariesofDoingBusinessResin/18152CountryTables216AcknowledgmentsContentsDOINGBUSINESSWhatgetsmeasuredgetsdone.Overthepast15years,noreporthasillustratedthisaphorismbetterthanDoingBusiness.Anchoredinrigorousresearchandology,DoingBusinessgathersdetailedandobjectivedata

16、on11areasofbusinessregulation,helpinggovern-mentsdiagnoseissuesinadministrativeproceduresandcorrectthem.Thereportmeasurescomplexregulatorypro-cessesbyzeroinginontheirquantifiablecomponents,whichcanbecontested,comparedovertimeandacrossecono-miesand,ultimately,reed.DoingBusinesshasinspiredthousandsofa

17、rticlespublishedinpeer-reviewedjour-nalsandcreatedaplatforineddebateaboutregulatoryandinstitutionalframeworksforeconomicdevelopment.ManyDoingBusinessindicatorshavebeenincorporatedintotheindsofotherinstitutions,whichhasspurredmoredebateabouttheidealbusinessclimatetodriveinclusive,sustainableeconomicg

18、rowth.Sinceitslaunchin2003,DoingBusinesshasinspiredmorethan3,500resinthe10areasofbusinessregulationmeasuredbythereport.Thisyear,weobservedapeakinreactivit128economiesundertookarecord314resin/18.Aroundthyworldwideeworld,registeringabusinessnowtakesanaverageof20daysandcosts23%ofincomepercapita,compare

19、dto47daysand76%ofincomepercapitain2006.Evenmoretelling,todaytheaveragepaid-inminimumcapitalthatentrepreneursmustdepositis6%ofincomepercapita,comparedwith145%ofincomepercapitain2006.Theglobalaveragetimetoprepare,fileandpaytaxeshasfallenfrom324hoursin2005to237hoursin.Sub-SaharanAfricahasbeentheregionw

20、iththehighestnumberofreseachyearsince2012.Thisyear,DoingBusinesscapturedarecord107resacross40economiesinSub-SaharanAfrica,andtheregionsprivatesectorisfeelingtheimpactoftheseimprovements.Theaver-agetimeandcosttoregisterabusiness,forexample,hasdeclinedfrom59daysand192%ofincomepercapitain2006to23daysan

21、d40%ofincomepercapitatoday.Furthermore,theaveragepaid-inminimumcapitalhasfallenfrom212%ofincomepercapitato11%ofincomepercapitainthesameperiod.Thisyears10topimproversincludearangeofeconomieslargeandsmall;richandpoorfromfiveregions.Thediversityshowsthat,regardlessofbackground,anyeconomycanimprovebusin

22、essregulationwhenthewillofpolicymakersisstrong.With13resbetweenthem,ChinaandIndiatwooftheworldslargesteconomiesareamongthe10topimprovers.AtthesameForewordvFOREWORDJimYongKimPresidentWorldBankGrouptimeDjibouti,asmalleconomy,isalsoonthelistwithsixres.Andwithatotalof12businessregulatoryresbetweenthem,A

23、fghanistanandTurkeyareonthelistof10topimproversforthefirsttimeinthereportshistory.Perhapsmostnotably,fourofthe10topimproversAfghanistan,Djibouti,C?tedIvoireandTogoarecountriessufferingfromfragility,conflictandvio-lence.TheWorldBankGroupandotherorganizationshaveworkedcloselywiththeseeconomiestoaddres

24、spressinghumanitariananddevelopmentalneeds,whilealsostrengtheningtheirlegalandeconomicinstitutions.DoingBusinesstaughtusthatevenwithcomprehensiveevidence,resdonotnecessarilyfollow.Arankinghelpsputtheinationinfrontofleadersandmakesithardtoignore.ThereporthelpedinspiretheHumanCapitalIndex(HCI),whichwe

25、launchedattheAnnualMeetingsinIndonesia.LikeDoingBusiness,theHCIisbasedontheideathat,regardlessofhowcomplexanareamaybe,withsolidresearchandologyitcanbemeasured.Thesetypesofdatapromotere,notonlybecausetheyareeasytoanalyze,traceandacton,butalsobecausetheyincreasetransparencyandaccountability.Government

26、shavetheenormoustaskoffosteringanenablingenviron-mentforentrepreneursandsmallandmedium-sizeenterprises.Soundandefficientbusinessregulationiscriticalforentrepreneurshipandathrivingprivatesector.Withoutthem,wehavenochancetoendextremepovertyandboostsharedprosperityaroundtheworld.Internationalinstitutio

27、nsandresearchcenterscanplayacentralrolebybuild-ingasolidbaseofknowledgeanddatatoingovernments,researchersandthegeneralpublic.WithDoingBusiness,theWorldBankGroupisfullycommit-tedtothismission.Theresthatthereportinspireswillhelppeoplereachtheiraspirations;driveinclusive,sustain-ableeconomicgrowth;andb

28、ringusonestepclosertoendingpovertyonthefaceoftheearth.DOINGBUSINESSAneconomycannotthrivewithoutahealthyprivatesector.Whenlocalbusinessesflourish,theycreatejobsandgenerateincomethatcanbespentandinvesteddomestically.Anyrationalgovernmentthatcaresabouttheeconomicwell-beingandadvancementofitsconstituenc

29、ypaysspecialattentiontolawsandregulationsaffectinglocalsmallandmedium-sizeenterprises(SMEs).Effectivebusinessregulationaffordsmicroandsmallfirmstheopportunitytogrow,innovateand,whenapplicable,movefromtheinaltothealsectorofaneconomy.Likeits15predecessors,DoingBusinesscontinuestoenableregulatorstoasse

30、ssandbenchmarktheirdomesticbusinessregulatoryenvironments.DoingBusinessadvocatesforbothregula-toryqualityandefficiency.Itisimportanttohaveeffectiverulesinplacethatareeasytofollowandunderstand.Torealizeeconomicgains,reducecorruptionandencourageSMEstoflourish,unnecessaryredtapeshouldbeeliminated.Howev

31、er,specificsafeguardsmustbeputinplacetoensurehigh-qualitybusinessregulatoryprocesses;efficiencyaloneisnotenoughforregulationtofunc-tionwell.Whatuseisitwhenonecantransferpropertyinjustafewdaysandatalowcost,butthepropertyregistrycontainsunreliableinationwithincompletegeographiccoverage?DoingBusinessex

32、posescaseswithevidentdiscrepanciesbetweenregulatoryqualityandefficiency,signalingtoregulatorswhatneedstobereed.DoingBusinessmeasurestheprocessesforbusinessincorporation,gettingabuildingpermit,obtaininganelectricityconnection,transferringprop-erty,gettingaccesstocredit,protectingminorityinvestors,pay

33、ingtaxes,engagingininternationaltrade,enforcingcontractsandresolvinginsolvency.DoingBusinesscollectsandpublishesdataonlabormarketregulationwithafocusontheflexibilityofemploymentregulationaswellasseveralaspectsofjobquality.However,thisregulatoryareadoesnotconstitutepartoftheeaseofdoingbusinessranking

34、(figure1.1).FormoredetailsontheDoingBusinessindicators,seethedatanotesat.Eachofthemeasuredbusinessregula-toryareasisimportanttonascentandexistingentrepreneurs.However,asDoingBusinessdatashow,SMEownersfacedrasticallydifferentrealitiesacrosseconomiesastheysetupandoperatethei

35、rbusinesses.AnentrepreneurinUganda,forexample,willspendnearlyamonthandundertake13procedurestosetupanewcompany.Theentre-preneurwillthenberequiredtomanageanother18interactionswithdifferentOverview?DoingBusinesscapturedarecord314regulatoryresbetweenJune2,andMay1,.Worldwide,128economiesintroducedsubstan

36、tialregulatoryimprovementsmakingiteasiertodobusinessinallareasmeasuredbyDoingBusiness.?TheeconomieswiththemostnotableimprovementinDoingBusinessareAfghanistan,Djibouti,China,Azerbaijan,India,Togo,Kenya,C?tedIvoire,TurkeyandRwanda.?One-thirdofallbusinessregulatoryresrecordedbyDoingBusinesswereintheeco

37、nomiesofSub-SaharanAfrica.Withatotalof107res,Sub-SaharanAfricaonceagainhasarecordnumberthisyear.?TheBRICeconomiesBrazil,theRussianFederation,IndiaandChinaintroducedatotalof21res,withgettingelectricityandtradingacrossbordersthemostcommonareasofimprovement.?The10topeconomiesintheeaseofdoingbusinessrankingsharecommonfeaturesofregulatoryefficiencyandquality,includingmandatoryinspectionsduringconstruction,automatedtoolsusedbydistributionutili