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1、The Plots,The Themes,The,Background,The Author,Techniques,William Cuthbert Faulkner,1987-1962,Author,William Faulkner (1897-1962,Americas most innovative novelists,Born in New Albany, on 1897.09.25,He lived most of his life in Oxford,Brief introduction,Brief introduction,Attempted to enlist as soon

2、as the United,States declared war in 1917,Volunteer in the Canadian Air force,Student of the University of Mississippi on,his return to Oxford after the war,Faulkner belonged to a,once-wealthy family of,former plantation owners,Both parents came from,wealthy families reduced,to genteel,上流社会的,poverty

3、 by the Civil War,Because Faulkner came from a,family with an aristocratic,贵族,的,bearing,举止风度,and,associated with other similar,families, he was familiar with the,arrogance,傲慢,of,characters like the Griersons,Some of these people continued,to behave as if they were still,privileged plantation owners,

4、although their wealth was gone,However, Faulkner spent,much of his time observing,ordinary townspeople as,well, and this is why he was,able to capture the voice of,the common people of,Jefferson in the character of,the narrator.He won two,Pulitzer Prizes, a National,Book Award, and the Nobel,Prize f

5、or Literature,His Nobel Prize,Acceptance speech,is today considered,one of the finest,ever made,The problems of the,human heart in conflict,with itselfalone can,make good writing,because only that is worth,writing about, worth the,agony and the sweat.,Faulkner died on July 6,1962, the same day his,g

6、reat-grandfather, the Old,Colonel, had been born on,137 years earlier,The Sound and the Fury (1929,喧嚣与骚动,As I Lay Dying (1930,我弥留之际,Light in August (1932,八月之光,Absalom, Absalom! (1936,押沙龙，押沙龙,His first short story collection, These 13 (1931,includes A Rose for Emily, Red Leaves,That Evening Sun, and

7、Dry September,Major Works,Three novels,The Hamlet,The Town,and,The,Mansion,known collectively as the Snopes,Trilogy,A Fable(1954,Pulitzer,National Book Awards,in 1955,The Reivers,掠夺者,1962) Pulitzer in 1963,Major Works,THANK YOU,name,宋佳,The Background,A Rose for Emily is a short story by American,aut

8、hor William Faulkner first published,in the April 30, 1931 issue of Forum,This story takes place in Faulkners fictional,city, Jefferson, Mississippi, in the fictional,county of Yoknapatawpha County,It was Faulkners first short story published in a,national magazine,William Faulkners map of,Yoknapata

9、wpha County,Character List,Emily Grierson,The object of fascination in the,story. An eccentric recluse, Emily is a mysterious,figure who changes from a vibrant and hopeful young,girl to a cloistered and secretive old woman,Devastated and alone after her fathers death, she is,an object of pity for th

10、e townspeople. After a life of,having potential suitors rejected by her father, she,spends time after his death with a newcomer, Homer,Barron, although the chances of his marrying her,decrease as the years pass. Bloated and pallid in her,later years, her hair turns steel gray. She ultimately,poisons

11、 Homer and seals,his corpse into an upstairs,room,Homer Barron,A foreman from the North. Homer,is a large man with a dark complexion, a booming,voice, and light-colored eyes. A gruff and demanding,boss, he wins many admirers in Jefferson because of,his gregarious nature and good sense of humor. He,d

12、evelops an interest in Emily and takes her for,Sunday drives in a yellow-wheeled buggy. Despite his,attributes, the townspeople view him as a poor, if not,scandalous, choice for a mate. He disappears in,Emilys house and decomposes in an attic bedroom,after she poisons him,Character List,Judge Steven

13、s,A mayor of Jefferson. Eighty years,old, Judge Stevens attempts to delicately handle the,complaints about the smell emanating from the,Grierson property. To be respectful of Emilys pride,and former position in the community, he and the,aldermen decide to sprinkle lime on the property in,the middle

14、of the night,Mr. Grierson,Emilys father. Mr. Grierson is a,controlling, looming presence even in death, and the,community clearly sees his lasting influence over,Emily. He deliberately thwarts Emilys attempts to,find a husband in order to keep her under his control,We get glimpses of him in the stor

15、y: in the crayon,portrait kept on the gilt-edged easel in the parlor,Character List,Tobe,The Black African American. Emilys,servant. Tobe, his voice supposedly rusty from lack,of use, is the only lifeline Emily has to the outside,world and he cares for her and tends to her needs,After her death, he

16、walks out the back door and,never returns,Colonel Sartoris,A former mayor of Jefferson,Colonel Sartoris absolves Emily of any tax burden,after the death of her father,Character List,1855: Miss Emily is born to the richest family of slave,owners in town,1861-1865: the American Civil War, Confederate

17、troops,from here commanded by Col. Sartoris,1870:Mr.Grierson, Miss Emilys Father, has the family,house built in Gothic revival style,1886:Mr.Grierson dies; Miss Emilys inheritance is only,the house; she is over 30,1887:Homer Barron, Northern construction foreman,arrives; he and Miss Emily start cour

18、ting,1888:Homer Barron is seen no more; the smell in the,house is,1919:Young Colonel dies,1927-1928: The tax delegation visits Miss Emily,1929-1930: Miss Emily dies at the age of 74,TIME,THANK YOU,name,A Rose for Emily,William Faulkner,The analysis of the title,The,theme of the story,Emilys characte

19、r,Symbolization in text,The title analysis (A Rose for Emily,A rose is a symbol of love and a pledge of faithfulness,Literally, from the,arrangement of the text, we can hardly see the word “rose” from the,beginning to the end of the text, which can be interpreted as this actual love,for Emliy hardly

20、 exists in the whole story,Actually, the author plays a trick on Miss Emily. In fact, she doesnt really,get any love from any man whether it is from her lover or her father. Emily,could have a favorable marriage but for her fathers interference. She could,have got her deserved love from Homer. But o

21、n account of her obstinacy and,pride, she receives tiredness and indifference, instead of affection-rose,from him. She thinks that she can stay with Homer forever by poisoning him,to death and possessing his body, but it is just Death but not love she,possesses,From the story, we can see Miss Emily

22、was denied love, so, in this sense,the title has an ironic meaning,The title analysis (A Rose for Emily,Part V mentions something,about “rose”, but they are just,curtains of faded rose color” and,rose,shaded lights”, which simply,can be seen as some sort of,shadow and illusion of rose, just,as the l

23、ove Emliy pursues,A rose is a funeral flower,and,the whole story is Faulkners,tribute to Emily, and also to the,Old South, of which Miss Emily is,the symbol,The thematic analysis,Three Levels,On the super-facial,level,On the symbolic level,On the deeper level,It is a,murder,story with,elements,of Go

24、thic,literature,The story can be read as a conflict,between the,South,and,North,with,Emily representing the South and,Homer representing the,North .The South takes,revenge,on,the North,The story explores,the inner world of,human being or the,inner struggle in the,human heart,Miss Emily,a round but s

25、tatic character,A round character,as the,advocator as well as the victim,of American Southern,tradition; as an escapist of,social reality; and a pursuer of,a happy life,A static character,she rejects,all the changes. She could,have a better life after her,fathers death. However, she,doesnt get out o

26、f the tower,her father built for her. On the,contrary, she builds another,one, and locks her soul,Symbol: Emily,s House,The whole story is set in Emilys,house. Her house is depicted as,old,but,grand,Seen from the outside,the house is really,outdated,just as,the Souths old values are out of,place in

27、a changing society.It is not,in accord with other residential,buildings,its really an,eyesore,The house perfectly mirrors Emilys,isolation from the outside world,From the,inner,decoration of,her house, everything is covered,with dust and the air is humid,The whole room speaks the life,Emily goes thr

28、ough,Emilys house, like Emily,herself, is a,monument,the only,remaining symbol of a dying,world of Southern aristocracy,Symbol: Emily,s House,THANK YOU,name,Themes,Isolation,Memory and the Past,Visions of America,Versions of Reality,Compassion and,Forgiveness,Isolation,A Rose for Emily is a story ab

29、out the extremes of isolation,by,physical and emotional,Quotes about,Isolation,from the text,he women mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her,house,which no one save an old manservant-a combined,慧摲湥牥愠摮挠潯?栭摡猠敥?湩愠?敬獡?整?敹牡,This funeral moment at the beginning of the story sets up the,divisions

30、 that exist between Emily and the town. This sets the,framework for Emilys isolation in life by talking about her,funeral,After her fathers death she went out very little; after her sweet,敨牡?敷瑮愠慷?数灯敬栠牡汤?慳?敨?瑡愠汬尮,Here we have two more major aspects of the isolation. Her father,isolated her from men,

31、and then the whole Homer Barron thing,permanently isolated her form everybody (except Tobe), which,seems to be what her father intended,The narrator tells us twice that Miss Emily is similar to an idol,suggesting that she was raised to think she is above others,ahd she is permanently cut off from ot

32、her people,Memory and the Past,A Rose for Emily. Spanning approximately 74 years, this short,story spins backwards and forwards in time like memory, and,shows a southern town torn between the present and the past,Post-Civil War and Pre-Civil Rights, A Rose for Emily shows,us an American South in lim

33、bo, trying desperately, with each,generation, to find a better way, a way which honors the good,of the past, while coming to terms with its evils,Alive, Miss Emily had been a tradition,a duty,and a care; a sort,of hereditary obligation upon the town dating from that day in,尮,Emily is described here

34、as an object, a thing passed on from,generation to generation,a note on paper of an archaic shape,in a thin,flowing calligraphy,湩映摡摥椠歮?潴琠敨攠晦捥?桴瑡猠敨渠?潬杮牥眠湥?畯?瑡愠汬尮,From her handwriting, to her stationery, to her way of dealing with,the town, Miss Emily is living in the past. But, its not her,past.So th

35、ere must be a confrontition between Miss,Emily(conservitive)and tax colectioner(moderner,慜?祥獥牯?浡湯?祥獥牯獥尮,一切,时过境迁,的东西都让人看不,惯,无论是新的东西还是旧的东西,this phrase also shows the confrontition between the new,ideas and old ideas from the description of the Emilys house,獜敨琠汯?桴浥琠慨?敨?慦桴牥眠獡渠瑯搠慥,After all, he was all s

36、he had. The town couldnt fault her, either,Visions of America,The second paragraph of the first section of A,Rose for Emily gives us all the clues we need to,find out what the story is saying about,America.The story shows how difficult it was for,southern people to deal with the new America,represen

37、ted by the Emancipation Proclamation,Versions of Reality,What we confront is the reality of America in the story,and the reality of the main characters complete,isolation.This story shows how much things have,changed since Miss Emilys time, how different our reality,is from that of the characters in

38、 the story,Compassion and Forgiveness,Compassion and Forgiveness is another major theme that we,can find in almost any Faulkner story,The story can seem downright cruel, the characters wholly,unsympathetic, and the plot gross. When we begin to see the,magnitude of the tragedy, and its impact on mult

39、iple generations,we understand the story is a call for understanding,The story seems to argue that forgiveness, compassion, and,understanding can only come by facing the facts of the past and,the present, which are tangled up together in an tight knot,Faulkner is both mercilessly subtle, and painful

40、ly blunt in this,story, but we can feel the spirit of compassion rushing through,By showing us that Emily is insane, Faulkner gives us space to,feel compassion for her, and to forgive her for her crime,Colonel Sartoris invented an,involved tale to the effect,that Miss Emilys father,had loaned money

41、to the,town,which the town,as a,matter of business, preferred,桴獩眠祡漠?敲慰楹杮尮,The newer generation,might revoke this deal,because it represents the,kind of privileging that lead to,Emilys eventual decline,Maybe not remitting her,taxes would have pushed,her towards being an,ordinary member in the,communi

42、ty,we remembered all the young,men her father had driven away,and we knew that with nothing,left,she would have to cling to,that which had robbed her, as,数灯敬眠汩,This contributes to the,readers compassion for Emily,and perhaps represents a,genuine moment of,compassion on the part of the,town,This sele

43、ction also indicated,the conservative thoughts of,her father which are main,reason for the tragedy,of Miss,Emily,THANK YOU,name,Techniques,Stream of consciousness,Authorial transcendence,disappearance of an author in a text,authorial intrusion should be reduced,to the lowest minimum,Mythic/ biblical

44、 structures,Scrambled,杂乱的,chronology,Language and style,His language is rich in symbols and images,and,heavily tainted with biblical and classical allusions,He has a large capacity of diction with rich nouns and,abundant adjectives; his sentences are usually,complicated,with parallel structures,More

45、over, he is known for his interior monologues, his,fragmentary time,and juxtaposition of the past and,present,He also brings the,stream-of-consciousness,technique,and multiple points of view,into their full play,Point of View of the Story,A Rose for Emily” is a successful story not,only because of i

46、ts intricately,错综复杂,地,complex chronology,时间顺序,but also because of its unique narrative,point of view. The story is told by an,unnamed narrator in the first person,collective. By using the “we” narrator,Faulkner creates a sense of closeness,between readers and his story,we unquestionably speaks for t

47、he,community or the town people in general,in this way all that Emily does is observed,surmised and reacted to by the,community,Faulkner adopts this narrative technique,in order to show that the tragic story of,Miss Emily is well known in town and that,for all her eccentricities, Emily is not an,isolated freak with no relation to human,being in general or her community in,particular; she is rather linked to the,community and forms part of it,From the voice of we, the reader gets to,know various sub-groups and generations,within the communi