2021年高中英语语法 语法复习十七 名 词VIP

1、高中英语语法 语法复习十七 名 词 （一）考纲要求 名词应掌握以下内容：分清名词的可数性与不可数性；可数名词有单复数，有些名词只有复数；物质名词、抽象名词不可数但可以具体量化使用；名词所有格和of格的语言现象；名词直接作定语；国家名词的正确使用；名词词义的区分和搭配；单位名词的搭配；名词前的修饰语so, as, quite等；time及常考点。 （二）命题导向 名词的可数与不可数是高考命题的热点之一。不可数名词前不能与不定冠词连用，之后不能加-s。有些抽象名词却有复数形式，但意义与原来词不同。有些可数名词复数有两个意思，一个与单数意义相同，另一个和单数含义不同，高考中这些含义很可能成为考查的内

2、容。词语的固定搭配及名词作定语也是高考命题的注意点。 （三）知识概要 英语的名词分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。专有名词是指个人、团体、地方、机构或事物等所专有的名称，它的第一个字母必须大写。如：Einstain, Bei _g, Asia等。普通名词是指一类人、一类事物、某种物质抽象概念的名称，可分为：个体名词（可数，如：worker, father, book, tree, school等）； _名词（可数，如：people, family, class, team等）；物质名词（不可数，如：iron, paper, snow, water, chalk, gold等）；抽象名词（不可数，如

3、：life, thought, idea, strength等）。 注意：可数、不可数是英文名词和中文名词的一个重要差异-即学习的重点。而很多英语名词具有双重性。即，名词的类别不是固定不变的，它们会根据词义的变化和场合的不同而相互转换，其名词类别的转换可归纳如下： 1、个体名词转抽象名词或抽象名词转个体名词 e.g. Our school is not far from my home.（个体）我们学校离我家不远。 School is over at six.（抽象）六点钟放学。 2、物质名词转个体名词或个体名词转物质名词 e.g. He broke a pie _ of glass.（物质）

4、他打破了一块玻璃。 He broke a glass.（个体）他打破了一个杯子。 3、个体名词转专有名词 e.g. His father is a teacher.（个体）他父亲是个教师。 What are you doing there? Father asked.（专有）你在那儿干什么？父亲问道。 （四）名词的数 名词分为可数（有单、复数形式）和不可数名词（只有单数形式）。 1、可数名词单数变复数： 一般加s ：lesson lessons, pen pens 以s, x, ss, ch, sh, o结尾的加es ：buses, boxes, classes, watches, brush

5、es, hero heroes 但有些以o结尾的名词，是加s构成复数：kilo kilos, piano pianos, radio radios, photo photos, zoo zoos 以辅音字母 + y 结尾的改y为i，再加es ：city cities, story stories 以f 或fe结尾的，一般将f或fe改为v，再加es ：knife knives, leaf leaves 但有些以f 结尾的名词，是在f后加s，构成复数形式：belief beliefs, roof roofs, safe（保险箱） safes, proof（证据） proofs, chief chi

6、efs, handkerchief handkerchiefs 2、有些名词，不按上述规则构成其复数形式，有以下几种情况： 单复数形式相同：Chinese, Japanese, deer, sheep 不规则变化： _n men, wo _n women, goose geese, foot feet, tooth teeth, child children, mouse mi _, ox oxen 。但是，Ger _n Ger _ns 复合名词的复数形式：editor-in-chief editors-in-chief, daughter-in-law daughters-in-law, g

7、rown-up grown-ups, wo _n teacher women teachers, _n driver men drivers 3、注意以下几个名词单复数问题 物质名词一般不用复数形式,但有些物质名词要用复数形式来表示不同的类别,如：fishes各种鱼，fruits各种水果，steels各种钢材。 物质名词表示数量时，一般用表示数量的短语来表示。如：a cup of tea, three bags of apples, four pie _s of bread。 有些抽象名词的复数形式表示不同的含义。如：work（工作） works（著作），arm（手臂） arms（军火），gl

8、ass（玻璃） glasses（眼镜），cloth（布） clothes（衣服）。 定冠词加上姓氏的复数形式，表示全家人或夫妇二人；姓氏的复数形式前不加冠词，则表示若干个姓的人。如：the Wangs王家，three Wangs三个姓王的。 只用作单数的复数形式的名词。如：physics, _the _tics, news, the United States 有些名词形似单数，但实为复数。如：poli _, people, cattle 有些名词如被看作整体时就作单数用，如被看作组成该 _的各个成员时就作复数用。如：class, family, couple, au _n _, gover

9、_ent, public 有些抽象名词在具体化时，可以复数形式出现。表示特指时，可和定冠词连用；表示某种或一次意义时，可和不定冠词连用。如：How did you _ooth away the difficulties?（指各种具体困难）；It is a great pleasure to talk with you.；What a surprise! （五）名词的所有格 名词的所有格在句中表示所有关系，作定语用。 1、有生命名词的所有格一般在词尾加上或s。如：Toms bike, Engless (Engles) works, a works school, Womens Day, the

10、editor-in-chiefs offi _ 2、如果一个事物为两个人所有，只在后一个名词的词尾加s，如果不是共有，就要在两个名词的词尾都加上s。如：Tom and Mikes room.（共有），Toms and Mikes books.（不共有）。 3、表示时间、距离、国家、城市的无生命名词，可以在词尾加s或表示所有格，如：todays papers, ten minutes walk 4、表示店铺或某人的家时，常在名词所有格之后省去shop, house, home。如：the tailors 5、无生命名词的所在格通常用of短语来表示。如：the window of the room

11、 6、表示有生命的名词有时也可用of短语来表示所有关系，而且当该名词带有较长的定语时。如：the teachers of the No. 1 Middle School. 7、双重所有格结构前的被修饰名词通常指整体中的部分或一个，双重所有格只能用于有生命的名词，这个名词是确定的。被修饰名词前有不定冠词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词或数词等限定词时，一般只能用双重所有格。如：an old friend of my uncles, a daughter of Mrs Greens, the house of one of my friends （六）名词的普通格作定语 表材料、地点、用途、性质、泛

12、指时间、整体等普通名词可以作定语，一般用单数形式。 e.g. stone figures（石像）；paper money（纸币）；country music（乡村音乐）；table cloth（桌布）；river bank（河岸）；school gate（校门口）；book stores（书店）；traffic lights（交通灯）；summer holidays（暑假）；evening dress（晚礼服）。 但在个别情况下，也有需用复数的。 e.g. sports meet（运动会）；the United States gover _ent（美国 _）；students reading-

13、room（学生阅览室）；goods train（货车）；two men doctors（两个男医生）。 练习、名词 1. The _ of the room were covered with _. A. roofs, leafsB. roofs, leavesC. rooves, leafsD. rooves, leaves 2. There are three _ in our factory. A. wo _n doctorsB. women doctorsC. wo _n doctorD. women doctor 3. Which do you prefer _ or _? A. p

14、otatos, to _tosB. potatos, to _toesC. potatoes, to _tosD. potatoes, to _toes 4. They are _ of different presses(出版社). Now they are having a meeting in one of the _ offi _. A. editor-in-chiefs, editors-in-chiefsB. editors-in-chief, editor-in-chiefs C. editors-in-chiefs, editors-in-chiefsD. editors-in

15、-chief, editors-in-chiefs 5. The ant has two _.A. sto _chesB. sto _cksC. sto _chD. sto _chs 6. He doesnt like _ for supper.A. chickB. chickenC. chickensD. chicks 7. It was _ hot weather that _ny of us went swimming. A. soB. suchC. so asD. such a 8. _ wonderful spa _ they saw on the room! A. HowB. Ho

16、w aC. WhatD. What a 9. We know _ travels not so fast as light. A. soundB. soundsC. the soundsD. a sound 10. My family raise a lot of _, including two _. A. cattle, cowsB. cows, cattleC. cattles, cowsD. cow, cattles 11. A number of sol _rs _ at he camp gate（军营门口）. A. have gatheredB. has gatheredC. is

17、D. was 12. The Browns have spent a large _ of money on their new car. A. dealB. amountC. numberD. size 13. _ work has been done to improve the peoples living standard. A. ManyB. A great _nyC. A great deal ofD. A number of 14. Mr Li shook _ warmly with a friend. A. handB. a handC. handsD. the hands 1

18、5. Two _, please.A. coffeeB. coffeesC. cup of coffeeD. cups coffee 16. I cant pay as _ as he asked for. A. high pri _ aB. high pri _C. a high pri _D. high a pri _ 17. _ knowledge of spa _ develops rapidly.A. MansB. Mens C. MensD. Persons 18.I stayed at _.A. Xiao WangsB. Wangs home C. the Wangs D. ho

19、me of Wang 19. Sister Carrie works in a _ factory.A. shoesB. shosesC. shoe D. shoes 20. Have you ever read _? A. today newspaperB. newspaper todayC. newspaper of todayD. todays newspaper 21. Two _ walk didnt _de me tired.A. hourB. hoursC. hoursD. hours 22. The mother over there is _ mother. A. Julia

20、 and MaryB. Julia and MarysC. Julias and MarysD. Julias and Mary 23. Li Mings handwriting is better than _ in the class. A. anyonesB. anyone elseC. anyones elsesD. anyone elses 24. The children are playing _ on the _. A. sand, sandB. sands, sandsC. sand, sandsD. sands, sand 25. If these trousers are

21、 too big, buy a s _ller _.A. setB. oneC. copyD. pair 26. Tom usually takes a _ in bus on rainy days.A. walkB. rideC. tripD. travel 27. We have no _ about where she has gone. A. infor _tionB. newsC. messageD. flash 28. Food and _ are daily ne _ssities（需要）for the people. A. clothB. clotheC. clothesD.

22、clothing 29. My _ of hearing is not so good as it used to be.A. strength B. sense C. powerD. skill 30. The _ caused by carelessness _ yesterday. Many workers were killed. A. incident, was happenedB. _tter, happened C. event, was taken pla _D. aident, took pla _ 31. The room was so quiet that she cou

23、ld hear the _ of her heart. A. beatingB. waysC. knockingD. striking 32. _ has been told not to throw waste things anywhere. A. The publicB. PeopleC. WomenD. Man 33. He was an _ in the gover _ent _. A. offi _, officialB. official, offi _C. offi _r, offi _D. official, offi _r 34. There are several _ i

24、n this novel who are different in _. A. character, characterB. characters, charactersC. character, charactersD. characters, character 35. We visited him _ when he was in hospital. A. every other daysB. each other dayC. every other dayD. every two day 36. My friend will return in _. A. one day or two

25、B. a day or twoC. one day or twoD. a or two days 37. _ is always difficult for me. A. TranslationB. TranslateC. The translationD. A translation 38. _ of this novel is ex _llent, quite to my surprise. A. TranslationB. TranslateC. The translationD. A translation 39. The poli _ _ looking into the _tter

26、 now.A. beB. isC. areD. are going to 40. The Chinese are _ brave and hard working people.A. the B. aC. /D. one 41. No news _ good news.A. isB. areC. haveD. has 42. Maths still _ very difficult for me, though I have done my best. A. looksB. seemsC. isD. are 43. Where _ my trousers? the boy asked.A. i

27、sB. wasC. were D. are 44. How happy they are! Obviously, they are _. A. in ni _ spiritsB. in ni _ spiritC. in high spiritsD. in high spirit 45. I saw _ny _ seated in the corner reading something. A. JapaneseB. JapanesesC. of JapaneseD. of Japaneses 46. Father went to his doctor for _ about his heart

28、 trouble. A. an advi _B. advi _C. advi _sD. the advi _s 47. We are _ and they are _.A. Englishmen, Ger _ns B. Englishmen, Ger _nC. English _ns, Ger _nsD. Englishmen, Germen 48. _ are _de of _. A. A glass, a glassB. Glasses, glassC. The glass, the glassD. Glasses, glasses 49. Ill have to buy _ trouse

29、rs.A. aB. two C. a pair of D. a couple of 50. There are two _ in our class.A. LiuB. LiusC. LiusD. Lius 51. _ is needed in cold countries. A. A lot of clothesB. Much clothingC. Many a clothD. Lots of clothes 52. They are _.A. _the _tics studentB. _the _tic students C. students in _the _ticsD. _the _t

30、ics students 53. The laboratory assistant recorded the _ reactions（反应）. A. mousesB. mi _C. mi _sD. mi _s 54. This letter was sent by _. A. my father friendB. my father friendsC. a friend of my fathersD. a friend of my father 55. Ten years had passed. I found she had _. A. a little white hairB. some

31、white hairC. a few white hairD. a few white hairs 56. I have _de _ with Billy.A. friendsB. friendC. a friendD. the friend 57. The population of Bei _g is _ than that of Xian.A. moreB. largerC. fewerD. s _ll 58. There are thirty-two _ in our school. A. wo _n teacherB. women teacherC. women teachersD.

32、 wo _n teachers 59. He had tried everything but it _de little_ . A. use B. good C. differen _ D. result 60. You must get there within half an hour. There should be no_ in sending the blood to the dying _n. A. wait B. delay C. time D. hurry 61. Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying sho

33、uld _ke any_ . A. excuseB. senseC. use D. value 62. -How dare you play on such thin i _?-Playing on i _ is not my _of spare time. A. ideaB. thought C. mind D. intention 63. Helen said she would like to go to Atlanta by air, but I wonder if she has enough money to pay for the_ . A. travel B. touri _

34、C. journey D. course 64. One splendid mountain_ followed another during our journey from Mieheel more to Rurunz. A. view B. glan _ C. screenD. s _ne 65.The new law will e into _on the day it is passed. (1999 _) A. effectB. useC. servi _ D. existen _ 66. When you play football, what _do you play? A.

35、situationB. pla _C. part D. position 67. Its important for us to employ a word or a phrase aording to the_in language stu _s. A. situation B. expression C. condition D. translation 68. I wrote him a letter to show my _of his thoughtfulness. A. achievement B. agreement C. viewD. appreciation 69. One

36、of the advantages of living on the top floor of a high-rise is that you can get a good_ . A. sight B. s _neC. view D. look 70. Nowadays natural gas, wind and other forms of _are widely used in the country. A. energy B. for _ C. power D. _terials 71. _with foreign countries can bring us much infor _t

37、ion about the world. A. ContrastB. Competition C. Contact D. Combination 72. We all know that_speak louder than words. A. movements B. perfor _n _s C. operationsD. actions 73.We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into _.(NMET1997 38) A. factB. reality C. practi _ D. deed 74.Weve missed the last bus. Im afraid we have no _but to take a taxi.(Met 1993 ,33) A. way B. choi _C. possibility D. selection 75.He dropped the _and broke it . (Met 1993, 38) A. cup of coffee B. coffees cup C. cup for coffeeD. coffee cup 76.Heres my car