(最新整理)现在完成时、一般过去时、过去完成时

1、(完整)现在完成时、一般过去时、过去完成时(完整)现在完成时、一般过去时、过去完成时 编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（(完整)现在完成时、一般过去时、过去完成时）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快 业绩进步，以下为(完整)现在完成时、一般过去时、过去完成时的全部内容。19现在完成时一、基本结构肯定形式:主语+助动

2、词have/has + done（动词的过去分词),如:ive written an article. 我写了一篇文章。否定形式：主语+have/has+ not+ done(动词的过去分词），如: he hasnt changed a little so many years. 这么多年他一点也没变.一般疑问句：把have或has提到主语前面。如：have you been to beijing？ 你去过北京吗？二、基本用法 现在完成时表示发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作，或表示开始在过去，并且一直延续到现在,甚至还可能延续下去的动作。表示发生在过去且对现在仍有影响的动作时，时间状语有:a

3、lready， yet, just, once, twice, ever， never， three/many times， before，recently（最近）， so far，these days等。如：i have never seen such fine pictures before。 我以前从来没有看过这么好的画.he has just gone to england。他刚去英国.表示发生在过去，一直延续到现在，甚至还可能延续下去的动作或状态时，谓语动词由表示持续动作或状态的延续性动词充当.句中的主要时间状语有：for+一段时间：for four weeks/two years;

4、since+(过去的)时间点：since 1990，since last year/month/week， since two weeks ago和since引导的从句（一般过去时）等。如:辨析since 与 forsince 后的时间状语是一个时间点，表示“从某时间开始”;for引导的是一个时间段，表示“已持续了多长时间”。i have been away from my hometown for thirty years.我离开家乡有30年了。=i have been away from my hometown since thirty years ago.(提示:for短语可以改写为si

5、nceago , 如： for thirty years= since thirty years ago）uncle wang has worked in the factory since it opened.自从这家工厂开张，王叔叔一直在那儿工作.he has taught english since 1990. 他自1990年以来一直教英语。i have been in this school for over two years。我来这个学校两年多了。口语中have got往往表示have（有)的意思：如： they have got thousands of books in the

6、ir library。 他们的图书馆里有成千上万本书. have gone to、have been to与have been in的区别：have gone to“已经去了”，表示人不在这里；have been to“去过，表示人在这里；have been in表示“已在某地(待了多久)”如：-where is mr li？ he has gone to the uk. -李先生在哪里？-他去了英国。-do you know something about beijing？ 你知道关于北京的事情吗？-yes，i have been to beijing three times。 - -是的，

7、我去过北京三次。the bens have been in new zealand for one month. ben一家已经在新西兰待了一个月。在完成时中，一个瞬间性动词（短暂性动作/非延续性动词）不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，此时须将该非延续性动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。jim的表哥离开南京已经两年了。jims cousin have been away from nanjing for two years。（正）jims cousin have left nanjing for two years.（误)他的奶奶自从1992年就已经去世了。his grandma has died s

8、ince 1992。（误) his grandma has been dead since 1992。（正）英语的行为动词有延续性动词和非延续性动词之分，使用时应注意两者的区别。（一)延续性动词表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长，能够和表示一段时间的状语连用。常见的有study，play，do，read ,learn， drive, write, clean, sleep， wait， fly, stay, write， sit, stand， lie，keep等。（二）非延续性动词表示一个瞬间动作,动作一发生即结束。亦称终止性动词/瞬间性动词.常见的有begin,start，finish，g

9、o，come,leave,find， get up， arrive , reach， get to, enter， hear， stop， open ， close， become, buy, borrow ,lend， happen ,join ，lose， renew, die ，take away， put up ， set out ,put on ，get on/off等.难点解释1以上两类动词都能用于现在完成时，表示动作到现在为止已结束.如:he has studied english for three years。他学英语已有三年了. he has joined the part

10、y他已入党了.mum isnt at home. she has gone to the library。 妈妈不在家，她去图书馆了。2延续性动词在完成时中能与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，非延续性动词一般不与表示时间段的状语连用.但在否定句中，可以使用非延续性动词与表示时间段的状语连用。如： his parents talked with the teacher for half an hour.他的父母跟老师谈了半个小时.my parents have lived in shanghai since 1950。我父母亲从1950年起就一直住在上海。i havent seen him for

11、ten years.我已有10年没见过他了。3非延续性动词在完成时中不能与一段时间连用，如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，通常有两种方法:（1)用意思相当的持续性动词来替换，如：he has been in the army /a soldier for three years.他参军已有三年了。（不能用has joined)she has been up for quite some time。 她起床已有好久了.(不能用has got up） has your brother been away from home for a long time?你哥哥离家已有好久了吗？（不能用has l

12、eft)常见的一些非延续性动词与延续性动词的转化对照表:非延续性动词延续性动词非延续性动词延续性动词borrowkeepdiebe deadbuyhavejoinbe in / be a memberleave/ gobe away（from）/ be not herearrivebe thereclosebe closedcomebe herefinish /endbe overlosebe loststart/begin be oncome to be in come backbe backopenbe openget upbe upget to knowknowturn on be on

13、have got havebecomebemarrybe married(2) it is/ has been+（多久）时间+since+主语（人）+谓语（过去时）+过去的时间状语。用这个结构来使用非延续性动词,如： 电影已经开映五分钟了。（两种方法）the film has been on for five minutes。 its five minutes since the film began。 他离开上海已有三天了。（两种方法）he has been away from shanghai for three days. it is three days since he left s

14、hanghai。这本书我还给图书馆已有两周了。（一种方法） its two weeks since i returned the book to the library.过去完成时 1基本结构肯定形式：助动词had + done（动词的过去分词），如: as soon as we got to the station ，the train had left。 我们到达车站的时候，列车已经走了。否定形式:had+ not+ done，如： i had not been to shanghai。我没去过上海。一般疑问句:had放于句首。如： had you telephoned her befor

15、e she left？ 在她离开之前你给她打过电话吗？2基本用法 过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作发生之前已经完成的动作.简言之，过去完成时所表示的时间是“过去的过去.过去完成时的时间状语有：by last week（yesterday等），by then,by the end of(last。.。）或者由when,before等引导时间状语从句。有时句子中会有already,just,once，ever,never等标志词，也会有for或since。.构成的时间状语。如： they had already finished cleaning the classroom when thei

16、r teacher came 当老师来的时候他们已经打扫完教室了。the woman had left before he realized she was a cheat. 在他意识到那个妇女是个骗子时她已经离开了。过去完成时常用于宾语从句及after引导的从句中,或者从句是before引导的主句中。如: after i had put on my shoes and hat ,l walked into the darkness.我穿上鞋子戴上帽子之后走进了黑暗中。he said that he had never seen a kangaroo before. 他说他以前从来没有见过袋鼠

17、。一般过去时1基本结构肯定形式：主语+be动词的过去式行为动词的过去式，如：she often came to help us in those days。 那些日子她经常过来帮助我们.否定形式：was/were+ not；在行为动词前加didnt,同时还原行为动词（即动词用原形）.如： i didnt know you were so busy. 我不知道你这么忙。一般疑问句： 把was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词.如： were you at home yesterday？ 昨天你在家吗? did you see jay chou last frid

18、ay？ 上周五你看到周杰伦了吗?2基本用法表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,这种动作或状态可能是一次性，也可能经常发生。 表示过去具体时刻发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有:at nine/eight yesterday/morning， two days/ ten minutesago。等。如:i got up at 6：00 this morning。今天早上我是六点钟起床的。 little tom broke the window at half past nine this morning.小汤姆今天早上九点半把窗户打破了.表示过去一段时间内不知何时发生的一次性动作时，时间状语有：yester

19、day，this morning, the day before yesterday， last week/year/month,in 2000/1998.如： he came to our city in the year 2000. 他在2000年来到我们市。表示过去一个阶段中经常发生的事情时,时间状语有：last，in,from.。to 。,for several weeks/10 years,often， usually, sometimes ,always， never等.如：mr. jackson usually went to evening schools when he wa

20、s young.杰克逊先生年轻时经常去夜校。 every day he went to the rich man and borrowed books from him 每天他都去找那个有钱人并从他那儿借书。讲故事、对过去经历的回忆、双方都明白的过去事件等，一般用过去时，而且经常省略时间状语。如: i happened to meet lucy in the street。 我正好在街上遇到露西。现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时是现在时的范畴，表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响;而一般过去时是过去的范畴，表示过去的动作或现象，与现在无关。如：he has come here。 他已经来这儿了

21、。（说明他现在在这儿)he came here.（说明他过去来过这儿，但现在是否在这儿不知道)达标练习：（ )1。bruce is young, but he _ many foreign countries. a. has been to b. has been for c。 has come to d。 has gone to( ）2。he _ his homework and now is listening to music. a。 finished b. finishes c。 has finished d. finish( )3.my aunt is a writer. she _

22、 more than ten books since 1980. a. writes b。 wrote c. has written d。 will write（ )4。the last time i _ to the cinema was two years ago。 a。 go b。 have gone c。 have been d. went( )5.paul and i _ tennis yesterday. he did much better than i. a。 play b. will play c。 played d. are playing( ）6.our country

23、_ the sixth population census(人口普查) already。 a。 finish b。 has finished c. will finish d. finishes（ )7.- why wont you go to the movie with me ， gina？ - because i _ it twice. a。 see b。 have been c。 saw d。 will see（ ）8.- where is ben？ - he _ to the teachers office. he will be back soon. a。 go b. has go

24、ne c. has been d. went（ ）9。we have been in china_ three years. we like it very much. a. in b. since c。 for d。 at（ ）10.-have you ever been to guilin？ - yes， _。 a。 i was b。 i do c。 i am d. i have( )11。sam came to beihai in 2002. he _ here for nine years. a. lives b。 was living c。 has lived d. will liv

25、e( ）12。my brother _ college for over three days. a。 has been in b。 has been to c。 has gone to d. has been for（ )13。we have been good friends _ we joined the same ping-pong team. a. after b。 before c。 since d. until( )14.- i joined the league _ may, 2008。 what about you ？ - ive been a league member _

26、 three years. a. in ; for b. on ； in c。 on ； for d。 in ; since( ）15。she _ this book for nearly three weeks. a。 has borrowed b. has lent c. has bought d. has kept（ ）16.he promised to pick me up at the school gate。 however, he _ yet。 a. didnt arrived b. doesnt arrive c。 isnt arriving d。 hasnt arrived（

27、 ）17.some students in shanghai_ ebags for several years。 a。 have b. have had c。 had d。 will have( )18。he said he _ here for ten years. a. teach b。 teaches c. taught c. had taught( ） 19。she _ as an animal trainer since 2003。 a。 has worked b。 works c。 will work d。 worked（ )20。- hello！ can i speak to m

28、r。 white? - sorry， he isnt here right now. he _ to the theme park。 a。 will go b。 was going c。 has gone d。 has been( )21.- when did you become a volunteer for the elderly? - two years ago。 i _ this group since then。 a。 joined b。 took park in c. have joined d. have been in( )22. - is that chris speaki

29、ng ？ sorry, he isnt in 。 he _ abroad on business。 a. goes b。 went c. has gone d。 will go( ）23。- have you finished your homework ？ not yet， i _ it at about nine oclock。 a。 have finished b。 will finish c. finished d. was finishing( ）24。the coat _ yet. im sorry you cant wear it today。 a。 hasnt be washe

30、d b. hasnt washed c。 isnt washed d。 is washed( )25。 - the film “ avatar is really wonderful. yeah。 i _ twice。 a。 saw b. have seen c。 will see d。 see( )26。- my parents have been to the united states。 - really? when _ there? a。 will they go b。 did they go c. had they gone d。 have they gone（ ）27. - how

31、 clean the bedroom is ! - yes， i am sure that someone _ it。 a。 cleaned b。 cleans c. has cleaned d. had cleaned（ ）28。 - would you like to go and see avatar with me tonight? - thank you very much， but i _ it already。 a。 see b. will see c。 have seen d. am seeing（ ）29.tina and her parents _ to england f

32、or sightseeing last summer. a。 go b. went c. will go d. have gone（ ）30.the harry potter books _ pretty popular since they were published。 a. become b. will become c。 have become d。 are becoming( )31。- i hear sam has gone to qingdao for his holiday。 - oh, how nice！ do you know when he _ ? a。 left b。

33、was leaving c。 has left d。 had left( )32.- have you had a holiday recently？ - yes, i _ one a month _。 a. have had ; ago b。 had ； ago c. have had ； yet d。 have； after( ）33。 in the last five years ， the workers _ millions of trees on the mountain. a。 have planted b。 planted c. has planted d. are plant

34、ing( ）34.they_ here since they came here a year ago. a. are b。 were c。 have come d。 have been( )35。how long _ the meeting _？ a。 has; begun b。 did； begin c. has ; been on d。 has ； been（ ）36。the whites _ many places of interest since they came to china。 a. have visited b. will visit c. has visited d。

35、visited（ ）37。- when _ you come here ？ (2010南宁） - two years ago。 i have been here for two years。 a. do b. will c. did d。 have（ )38。- nice to meet you . i _you for a long time. (2010北海) - i _ in beijing ， and i came back yesterday. a. havent seen ； was b。 havent seen; will be c。 wont see; was d。 wont

36、see; will see( ）39.most of us have heard of mickey mouse and donald duck。 but have you ever _ to disneyland in hong kong？ a。 gone b. come c. been d。 visited( ）40。mr。 smith _ hong kong for more than ten years。 （2010来宾） a。 came to b. has been to c。 has come to d. has been in （ )41。i_ to the party last

37、 night. a. go b。 goes c. am going d. went( )42。- do you know linda very well ？ - yes. she and i _ friends since we met in shanghai last year. (2009桂林） a. have made b。 have become c. have turned d. have been( ）43. wei hua， your scarf looks so beautiful, how long _ you _ it ？ （2009来宾） - for two years.

38、 a。 do ； buy b。 have ；had c。 have ; bought d. had ; bought （ ）44.- have you seen jack these days？ (2009贵港) - no， i havent。 he _ beijing. a. has been in b。 has gone to c. has been to d. has gone（ )45。chian _ shenzhou into the space since 2003。 we all take pride in our country. a. sent b。 sends c. has

39、 sent d. have sent（ ）46.i _ a mistake in yesterdays exam。 i must be careful today。 (2009河池) a. make b， makes c， made d。 have made（ )47。- have you ever been to detian waterfall？ - yes, i _ there two month ago。 （2009崇左) a. have been b。 have gone c. went d. go( )48.- will you watch the world cup match

40、this year? - no, but i _ several world cup matches since i was a small child。 a。 has seen b. see c. was seeing d。 have seen（ )49。 - have you mended your shoes , bob? - yes, i _ them twenty minutes ago. a. have mended b. mend c. had mended d. mended（ ）50。 - the office was broken into last night. some

41、one thinks you did it. but i_ the whole night with my best friend ， john。 a。 spent b. am spending c. spend d. had spent( )51。 wheres the cake i made this morning？ we _ it, mom。 can you make another one for us？ a。 ate b. eat c。 will eat d。 were eating（ ）52。he went into his room, _ the lights and began to work。 a。 has