高中英语 教材核心词汇讲解及训练 新人教版选修8(2021年最新整理)

1、高中英语 教材核心词汇讲解及训练 新人教版选修8高中英语 教材核心词汇讲解及训练 新人教版选修8 编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（高中英语 教材核心词汇讲解及训练 新人教版选修8）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快 业绩进步，以下为高中英语 教材核心词汇讲解及训练 新人教版选修8的全部内容。36第 36 页 共

2、36 页核心词汇梳理并重点训练选修 8unit 1 a land of diversitymeans, majority, percentage, occur, make a life, keep up, take in, a great / good many1。 means n。 手段；方法by this means 用这种方法by means of 通过；用;借助于by no means 决不；一点也不(放在句首时，句子用部分倒装语序)by all means 务必、不惜一切地;（用于交际英语表示同意)当然可以，没问题eg: today an airship is used as mea

3、ns of advertising。the burglars entered the house by means of a ladder。by no means is this the first time you have been late.注: means作为一个单复数同形的名词，常与主谓一致结合起来进行考查;要注意，means作主语时，前有 several， some, many, few， all等修饰语时,谓语用复数。 way多与in连用，构成inway method多与with连用，构成withmethod means多与by连用，构成bymeans approach多与to连

4、用，构成approach to2. majority n. 大多数;大半in a / the majority 占大多数get a majority 获得多数票have a majority over sb 获得多于某人的票数；战胜某人by / with a majority of 以大多数赢得minority n. 少数in the minority 占少数eg： he won the seat with a majority of 71 votes.a majority of people believe smoking is harmful to health。the majority

5、of lone parents are divorced or separated women.注： 单独用作主语，谓语动词用单数、复数均可。the majority were / was against the plan. 单独用作主语，如果后面的表语是复数，那么谓语动词也用复数。the majority who attended the meeting yesterday are students。 复数名词 + 复数谓语动词 the majority of 不可数名词 +单数谓语动词the majority of the damage is easy to repair。3. perce

6、ntage n。 百分比；百分率 percentage“百分比，百分率，其前不用具体的数字修饰,可以被high，low等形容词修饰。 percent“百分之”,相当于“%，其前面往往用具体数字修饰。 “a percentage of + n.”在句中作主语时,谓语动词的单复数视名词的单复数而定。eg： the unemployment percentage keeps rising in the recent financial crisis.california is a state with a high percentage of immigrants。over ninety perce

7、nt of my classmates have an english dictionary。4。 occur vi。 发生;出现occur to sb 发生在某人身上it occurs to sb to do sth 某人想起做某事sth occurs to sbsth strikes sbsth comes to sb 某人突然想起it occurs to sb that-clauseit strikes sb thatclauseeg: it occurred to me to visit my parents.it occurred to her that she might adop

8、t a homeless child。i was going along the street looking for a place to park when the accident occurred.5. make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等come to life 突然苏醒；突然开始工作；突然变得活跃live / lead alife 过着生活come back to life 苏醒过来；恢复生气bringback to life 使苏醒过来full of life 充满生气for life 终生；一生；终身start a new life 开始新生活to the lif

9、e 栩栩如生；逼真make / earn a / ones living 谋生eg： they went to the west and decided to make a life there。to our surprise, he came to life soon.the rescue team brought the baby back to life。6。 keep up 坚持；维持；沿袭（风俗、传统等)keep (on） doing sth 继续、重复做某事keep sth up 使某物保持在高水平keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事keep on 继续ke

10、ep out of 不进入（某处),留在外边keep to sth 遵守;信守keep up with 跟上；与同步前进eg： i hope the fine weather will keep up.police warned bystanders to keep away from the blazing building.she kept on working although she was tired.things will only work out if we all keep to the plan。7。 take in 包括;吸收；理解;欺骗take away 拿走；使离开;

11、消除（病痛等)take down 记下来;拆掉take for （错)当做；（误）以为take off 起飞；匆匆离去;脱下；大获成功take on 呈现；雇用take over 接收；接管；取代take up 占去，占据；开始；从事eg: he certainly took us in with his stories about his experiences in mexico.this kind of cloth takes in water easily。learning english takes up a lot of my time.8。 a great / good many

12、 许多;很多manya great many + 可数名词的复数 a good many + 复数谓语a good / large number of mucha good / great deal of + 不可数名词 + 单数谓语a large amount of a lot of 可数名词的复数 + 复数谓语lots of + plenty of 不可数名词 + 单数谓语large amounts of + 不可数名词 + 复数谓语quantities of + 可数名词的复数/不可数名词+复数谓语a mass of + 可数名词的复数/不可数名词 + 单数谓语masses of + 可

13、数名词的复数/不可数名词 + 复数谓语eg： tom found that there were a great / good many people already there.it seems that a great / good many of them are out of work now。a great many of the flowers were white.注：a good / great many后接复数名词,但 a good / great many后接of时，必须加限定词，如these / those / the / ones等，然后再加名词复数. 9。 that

14、is why today over 40% of californians speak spanish as a first or second language.句中的why引导的为表语从句，注意以下句式区别。 thats why 这就是为什么 （why从句表示结果) thats because 这是因为 (because从句表示原因）the reason whyis / was that 的原因是 (表语从句常用that引导,而不用because）eg: tom came late for the meeting. that was because he was ill。tom was i

15、ll. that was why he came late for the meeting.the reason why tom came late for the meeting was that he was ill.练习：1。 -do you think we should put an ad in the paper for the lost child? -yes, . a. thats all right b。 by all means c。 it just depends d. never mind2。 the majority of the students in his cl

16、ass for the plan. a. is b。 are c。 is going to d. will3。 a large of the hotels income from the visitors to the lake nearby。 a. percentage； are b. percentage; is c. percent; are d。 percent; is4. how did it that you made so many mistakes in your homework? -i myself havent figured it our yet. a。 bring a

17、bout b。 come about c。 come across d. occur to5。 has it ever you that this old book might be valuable? a。 occurred b. occurred to c. struck to d。 come6. 事故使他终身残废. 7。 这对夫妻过着幸福的生活。 8. in the face of all these difficulties， were not discouraged and our spirits well. a。 keep up b. go up c。 hold up d。 pic

18、k up9. dont us in suspense any longerwhat happens at the end of the story? a. allow b。 keep c. stay d. promise10。 the students find it easy to what you teach。 a。 take up b。 take on c. take in d. take off11。 they look honest but sometimes we are by them。 a. taken in b. taken up c. made up d. put up12

19、。 the students in our school go to college in their teens. a. a good many b。 a great many of c. a great deal of d. a lot of13。 the reason death was feared was no man could experience it twice. a。 why； that b。 why; because c. why; why d。 because； thatunit 2 cloningundertake, object， forbid， owe, both

20、er, resist, pay off， in favour of， be bound to do sth1. undertake (undertook， undertaken) vt. 着手；从事；承担undertake a task 承担任务undertake to do sth 同意、答应或着手做某事undertake that-clause 保证undertaking n. 任务;事业；企业eg: she undertook the organization of the whole scheme。he undertook to finish the job by friday.i c

21、an undertake that you will enjoy the trip.2. object vi。 不赞成；反对 n. 物体；目标object to （sb / sth） 反对（某人 / 某事）object to doing sth 反对做某事objection n。 反对；不赞成have / take / make an objection to (doing） sth 对表示反对raise an objection to sth 对提出异议objective adj。 真实的；客观的；无偏见的eg： we object to being treated like this.i

22、objected that he was too young for the position。my main objection to the plan is that it costs too much.注：object表示“反对”，为不及物动词，接宾语后需加介词to；oppose表示“反对”，为及物动词，接宾语后不需加介词to.be opposed to表示“反对；和相反”。3。 forbid (forbade， forbidden） vt。 禁止；不准forbid sb to do sth 禁止某人做某事forbid doing sth 禁止做某事forbid that 禁止 （从句中

23、常用should+动词原形)forbid sb sth 禁止某人某事forbid sb from doing 禁止某人做its forbidden to do sth 做某事是禁止的forbidden city 紫禁城eg: the new law forbids smoking in offices。their father forbade them to go。i forbid that you (should) enter the room。4. owe v. 欠（账、钱、人情等)；应该向付出；应该把归功于oweto 欠;把归功于；应感激owetofor 因欠owe sb sth （=

24、owe sth to sb) 欠某人某物owing adj. 欠的；未付的 owing to 因为；由于eg： he owes his success more to luck than to ability.he owes 50 to his friend.owing to the rain, the match was cancelled.5。 bother vt。 打扰 vi。 操心 n。 烦扰；令人烦恼的事或人bother sb with / about sth 为某事打扰或麻烦某人bother about / with sth 为某事烦恼bother to do / doing 操心

25、做某事it bothers sb that / to do sth 使某人苦恼的是辨析bother / disturb / trouble / annoy:这组词都表示“使人不得安宁或“心烦意乱”。 bother指干扰别人的正常生活和工作而使之不太安宁，可能是故意的;含有使人讨厌的意味。 disturb指使人失去正常秩序而一时得不到安宁，精力不能集中，语气比bother弱。 trouble常指在心情上失去平静而感到忧虑、苦恼或行动上带来不便，也常用于礼貌的请求。 annoy通常指重复性的行为使(别人）生气。常用被动，表示为某事烦恼、生气。eg: i dont want to bother yo

26、u with my problems.whats troubling youmoney problems？these flies are annoying me。6. resist vt。 抵抗；忍住(多与cannot，couldnt连用）be hard / impossible to resist 难以拒绝resist sb / sth 抵抗 / 抵制某人 / 某物cant / couldnt resist doing sth 禁不住干某事resist doing sth 抵制干某事resistant adj。 抵抗的；有抵抗力的be resistant to 对有抵抗力的 resistan

27、ce n. 拒绝；反对eg： he is in good healthhe is able to resist diseases。i couldnt resist having a look at her diary.there has been a lot of resistance to this new law.7。 pay off 得到好结果；取得成功;偿清pay sth off 全部偿还；偿清(债务）pay sb for sth = pay sth to sb for sth 付钱给某人作为的费用pay for sth 为某事吃苦头或受惩罚pay back 还钱;报复pay a pr

28、ice for 为所得付出代价eg: they took a hell of a risk but it paid off。can you lend me 10? ill pay you back on friday.ill make her pay for ruining my chances!8. in favour of 赞成;支持be in / out of favour (with sb） = be in / out of sbs favour 得到 / 失去某人的尊重、赞同等in sbs favour 对某人有利in favour 赞同的；流行的；得宠的out of favour

29、失宠的；不流行的 do sb a favour = do a favour for sb 帮某人忙owe sb a favour 欠某人情favour sb with sth 为某人做某事eg： could you do me a favour and turn off the light？could you do me the favour to pick up sam from school today?shes not in favour with the media just now。9。 be bound to do sth 一定做某事；有责任或义务做某事be bound up in

30、 sth 忙于某事;热衷于某事物be bound up with sth 与某事物关系密切be bound for 去；准备去eg： youve done so much work that youre bound to pass the exam。i feel bound to tell you that youre drinking too much！we are bound for home。10. then came the disturbing news that dolly had become seriously ill.此句中的that引导的从句为同位语从句，that仅其连接作

31、用，无意义. 常见的后接同位语从句的抽象名词有:fact, news, hope, truth， idea, suggestion， thought， question， order, problem， belief, fear等. 同位语从句常用that引导，也可由连接代词who， what, whose， which，连接副词 how， when, where， why或连词 whether来引导。eg： he had no idea when she would come back.the thought that lao li would open a restaurant in ne

32、w york surprised his wife。he got a message from mr johnson that the manager could not see him that afternoon。11. the great drawback to cloning a group of animals is that they would all have the same arrangement of genes and so might die of the same illness。本句中that引导的从句为表语从句，that仅起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，表语

33、从句主要有以下两种类型: be + 从句 be 以外的系动词(seem / look / appear / sound / taste / feel / remain等) + 从句eg: the problem is how we can find him。it looks as if it is going to rain。it sounds as if you are from canada。练习：1. the new laboratories will be constructed this year， and local firms have been asked to the wor

34、k。 a。 assign b. manufacture c. provide d. undertake2. i enjoyed school。 but i did to having to go to school every day once weve done all our exams. a。 object b. oppose c。 turn d. help3. 禁止践踏草地。 4. 孩子们不允许在河里游泳。 5. 她的快速痊愈也许归功于丈夫的精心照料. she probably her husbands devoted care.6。 由于缺乏资金，该项目将中止. , the proj

35、ect will not continue。7. im sorry to have you with so many questions on such an occasion. a。 asked b。 offended c。 impressed d. bothered8. since many insects have already become to ddt, scientists have to look for some new insecticide。 a。 active b。 resistant c. preferred d. tough9。 our troops recaptu

36、red the city, but they a heavy price for it. a。 raised b。 lifted c。 paid d。 increased10。 many young people left their hometown for big cities better jobs。 a. in favour of b. in search of c. in charge of d。 in honour of11. he who keeps doing evil is to come to ruin. a。 bound b。 easy c。 likely d. acci

37、dental12. he must answer the question （他是否同意）。13. （有消息传来说）a woman in the capital died of the h5n1 virus.14。 the reason why he didnt come to the party is because he was ill。（改错）15。 i cant understand is there are more and more junkemails on the internet。 a。 what； why b. that； what c. what; because d.

38、why； that unit 3 inventors and inventionsdistinguish， convenient, bear， associate, call up， set about， get through1。 distinguish vi.vt. 辨别；显示的差别distinguish betweenand 区分 / 辨别和distinguishfrom 使有别于;使具有区别于的特征be distinguished for 因而出名distinguish oneself （as) （作为)表现突出distinguished adj. 卓越的;著名的；杰出的disting

39、uishable adj. 易分辨的;能区分的distinguish常用于否定句，且常与can或could连用，tell也可表“辨认；辨别,常与can或could连用，主要用于否定句和疑问句中.eg： you should learn to distinguish between right and wrong.the twins are so alike that no one can distinguish one from the other。i cant tell the difference between the usages of “above all and “first of

40、 all”。2。 convenient adj。 方便的;便利的；附近的 it is convenient for sb to do sth 做某事对某人来说是方便的 be convenient to 到达某处很方便convenience n。 方便；便利；适宜；省事at ones convenience 在方便的时候;在适宜的地方at your earliest convenience 尽早for convenience 为了方便eg： come by to pick me up at your convenience。will it be convenient for you to sta

41、rt work tomorrow？please come whenever it is convenient to you。注：convenient作表语时，捕能用表示人的名词或代词作主语，也不能用 it is convenient of sb to do sth，只能用for sb.3. bear (bore, borne） vt。 忍受；忍耐；负担用法bear doing / n。 / to do 忍受bear sb / sbs doing 忍受某人做某事短语搭配bear sb / sth out 证实；为作证bear with sb / sth 耐心对待；容忍bear with in m

42、ind 牢记eg: i doubt if that chair will bear your weight。she has borne three children。he cant bear being laughed at.= he cant bear to be laughed at.you must bear it in mind that your parents hope to depend on you to become a good doctor。注: bear意为“忍耐；忍受时，通常与can，could连用，用于疑问句或否定句中，常见近义词有：endure，tolerate,

43、stand等。 borne和born时bear的两个过去分词，表示“出生,出自时用born，并且仅用于被动式。表示“生育”时用borne。4. associate vt. 联想；联系n。 同伴；伙伴associate sb / sth with sb / sth 把和联系在一起；由联想到be associated with 和有关associate with sb 与某人交往或常打交道associate oneself with sth 声称或表示自己赞同某事物association n. 联合；联想；交往；协会；团体in association with 与合伙 / 合作eg: ive ne

44、ver associated you with this place.i wouldnt want to be associated with mckeys project。i dont like these layabouts youre associating with。5。 call up 给打电话;使想起（往事）call at 拜访(某个地点）call in 顺路（到某处）;找来，请来；收回call off 取消；停止call on / upon 拜访（某人);号召call for 需求;需要；去接（某人)call out 大声喊叫；召集ring / call back 回复电话rin

45、g off 挂断电话give sb a ring 给某人打电话sb be wanted on the phone 有某人的电话answer the phone 接电话hang / hold on 不挂断电话辨析look back on sth / call up：前者当“回忆，记起讲时，其主语一般为“人”;而后者的意思是“使回忆起,其主语为“物”。eg： please call me up this afternoon.the smell of the sea called up memories of her childhood。looking back on it， i still can

46、t figure out what went wrong.注： “拜访某人”可用如下说法：call on sb, drop in on / upon sb, pay a visit to sb, go on a visit to sb， visit sb。“拜访某地”可用如下说法:call at a place， drop in at a place, pay a visit to a place, go on a visit to a place, visit a place。 call up后的宾语如果是代词,则该代词应置于call与up之间;如果是具体的人或事物，则置于call与up之间

47、或up之后皆可。6. set about 开始；着手set down 放下;记下；登记set about doing 着手做某事set off 出发;使爆炸;引起;使（某人)开始（做某事)set up 建立;竖立set back 阻碍某事物发展；把（钟表指针）往回拨set aside 把置于一旁；留出be set in 以为背景set out (to do） 开始做；出发；安排；摆设；陈述eg: he set about his work as soon as he had finished his meal.the girl attendant has set about cleaning

48、the room.lets set aside my personal feelings for now.7。 get through 设法联系上（尤指打通电话);（设法）做完；通过；度过get across 被理解；使人了解get down to 认真地静下心（工作）（to为介词）get over 克服get on 进展；进步get in 收获get around / round 到处走东;传播出去go through 检查;经历pass through 从中穿过；走过中look through 浏览；仔细查看see through 看穿；识破live through 活过（一段时间)；经过

49、后仍然活着break through 突破（障碍)eg： mr chen is going through the student papers。i tried to ring my girlfriend but i couldnt get through.your meaning didnt really get across。练习：1. “chen yunlin himself during the visit to taiwan，” wang yi remarked。 a。 recognized b. proved c。 tested d。 distinguished2。 im afra

50、id this isnt a very timecould you call back later？ a。 convenient b。 fair c. easy d. comfortable3。 we have no vacancies (空职） now， but well certainly your application in mind。 a。 hide b. bear c. stand d. endure4. he wished to forget everything with his former life and start a new life. a。 joined b. as

51、sociated c. buried d. carried5. with the weather worsening, they have the flight from london to beijing. a. called off b。 called in c. called out d。 called for6. the boys stopped and digging holes to plant the trees. a. set off b。 set out c. set about d. set up7。 the earthquake has destroyed most ho

52、uses in the village. how are they going to the winter? a。 get on b。 get across c. get over d. get through8。 -its a good idea， but whos going to the plan? -i think tom and grey will. a。 get through b. carry out c. go through d. carry onunit 4 pygmalionhesitate， condemn, acquaintance, superior， compromise， in terms of， showin, fade out1。 hesitate vi。 犹豫；踌躇hesitate to do sth 迟疑做某事；不愿做某事hesitate about / in / at / over （doing) sth(做)某事犹豫不决hesitate about + 疑问词 + to do sth做某事犹豫不决hesitation n。 踌躇；犹豫without hesitation 毫不犹豫地have no hesitation in doing sth 毫不犹豫地做某事eg： dont