高考英语一轮复习 语法点专题讲解 介词(2021年最新整理)

1、高考英语一轮复习 语法点专题讲解 介词高考英语一轮复习 语法点专题讲解 介词 编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（高考英语一轮复习 语法点专题讲解 介词）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快 业绩进步，以下为高考英语一轮复习 语法点专题讲解 介词的全部内容。13介词介词又叫做前置词，是一种虚词,不能单独在句子当中担当成

2、分,它后面必须接名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类搭配(介词宾语)构成介词短语;和动词搭配构成短语动词，然后才能够在句子当中充当成分.介词分为简单介词，如:at, in， on， besides, since， for等;合成介词，如：inside, outside， without， within, into， onto等;短语介词(或成语介词)，如：because of, in front of， instead of, in spite of等；二重介词，如：from behind, until after等.一、 介词短语的句法功能介词在句子中可以充当定语、状语、表语、以及宾语补足语等。

3、1. 作定语介词短语在句中做定语时须位于被修饰词之后。the key to the door is missing。the water-tower in front of our school was built in 1988。2. 作表语（或称为：主语的补足语）some students are in the classroom, and some on the playground.as we know， japan is to the east of china.3. 作宾语补足语（或称为：宾语的表语）did you see a pen under my desk this morni

4、ng?they have sent another rocket into the sky。4. 作状语1) on sundays， the family are mostly out。 (时间状语）2) on top of the hill stands a tv tower。 （地点状语）3) he is used to sleeping with all the windows open。 (伴随状语）4) in the search for the lost child, the villagers went all out。 (目的状语）5) all the work must be

5、 done by hand. (方式状语)6) at times， i go to the cinema. （频度状语)7) she is by far the best student in our class. （程度状语)8) because of poverty， he couldnt go to school. (原因状语）9) to my surprise， he got the first prize in the contest. （结果状语 / 或评注性状语）10) without our party， we couldnt live a happy life。 （条件状语）

6、11) in spite of great efforts we failed to carry our plans through. （让步状语）12) as a matter of fact, nobody agreed to his project. （评注性状语）in my opinion， youd better go with us。 二、 介词的复合结构“介词宾语补足语”可以构成介词的复合结构，在句子当中可充当表语、定语、状语、补语等。这种结构中的宾语和补足语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，使得句子意义更加丰富。常见的这类介词有with, without, like， of等。1.

7、介词宾语形容词he is used to sleeping with all the windows open。 2. 介词宾语分词bamboo leaves swing in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something.at the beginning of school, the noise of desks being opened and closed and lessons (of being） repeated at the top of the childrens voices could be heard out

8、 in the street。the wounded boy glared at the nobleman with his teeth clenched.3. 介词宾语不定式the cat humped its back just like a fierce tiger to jump upon me。4. 介词宾语副词the little boy rushed out of the house without anything on。5. 介词宾语介词短语the teacher entered the classroom with a book under his arm。三、 介词的叠用

9、在少数介词之后还可接另一个介词短语，也就是我们所称的二重介词.如：the naughty boy suddenly rushed out from behind the tree to frighten the girl.in the spring, new bamboo shoots come out from around their own roots。he kept on working until after lunch。四、 介词and介词有些介词短语用两个意义相反的介词构成从而使句子精简化。not knowing what to do, the worried officer w

10、alked up and down the room。there are many trees in and outside the town。五、 介词与其同形的与副词区别有些介词可做副词用,但我们知道副词可以单独在句子中担当成分，而介词须加宾语构成短语才可在句子中充当成分。试比较：please come in。 （in为副词 = into the room） we have no car, but we can go there without。 （without为副词 = without a car)although the exam was difficult， i managed t

11、o get through. （through为副词 = through the exam）六、 常易混用介词的区别1. 表示“上、下”等方位的介词。见下图：2. 表示地点的in和at的区别a) at表示位置,in表示“在内”如：- where is he? - he is at the cinema。 （问话者想知道的是位置) is he in the cinema? yes， he is。 (问话者可能已经在影院门外）b) at表示小地点，in表示大地点they arrived at the village at seven.they arrived in beijing at seven

12、.但若某一个大地点并不是最后的终点，仍然用at.例如：the train from beijing to guangzhou will arrive at wuhan at twelve oclock.（武汉只是从北京开往广州这趟列车途中的一个站，并非目的地。)3. in， to和on在方位名词前的区别in表示在某范围之内；to表示某范围之外的地方；on表示“毗邻、接壤taiwan lies in the east of china.taiwan lies to the east of the mainland of china.mongolia （蒙古) is (lies） on the n

13、orth of china。4. 表示时间的in和after用于将来时态时，in后面接“时段;after后面接“时点。试比较:he will be back in five hours.he will be back after five oclock.after后面也可接“时段,但应该用在过去时态的句子中。they came back after five days。5. 表示时间的at, in和on1) at表示“钟点时刻、黎明、正午、黄昏、夜晚、午夜、周末、节日期间he often gets up at daybreak (dawn）。they will begin their jour

14、ney at new year。2) in表示“上(下)午、晚间、星期、月份、年份、世纪”he was born in 1988.3) on表示具体日期或具体的上（下）午，节日的当天，美国英语周末前也用on。he died on the morning of august 15th, 1985。但若morning, afternoon, evening等词前面有early或late等修饰语则仍然用in。如：he died in the early morning of august 15th, 1985.6. 表时间的since和forsince后接时点；for接时段，均常与完成时态连用.he

15、 has been here since last friday.he has been here for five days。当表示“多少次” 时不能用for； 表示“第几次”位于句首时须加for,而位于句尾时for可以省略也可保留.he has been to beijing three times。 (不可用for three times)for the first time， i have come here.i have come here （for） the first time。7. 表示位置的between和amongbetween表示“个与个之间”,并非只能指两者,可用“an

16、d”也可接复数名词。如：the teacher sat between tom, jack, kate, jane and mary.youd better eat nothing between meals.among则笼统地指“在之中”,后接复数名词或代词。the teacher sat among the students。8. except， besides, but, except for， but for, except that/ when1) except用作介词，意为“除了”。整个句子所表达的意思重点在except所构成的介词短语上。例如：nobody felt anxiou

17、s except him。 （只有他才焦虑不安）2) except 和 besides两者都有“除去之意，但前者指“但并不包括”，是“排除”之意；后者指“除此之外还有，有“外加”之意。例如:there are six of us besides tom。 （除汤姆外，另外我们还有6个人。）3) except和 butbut用作介词时，意思是“除外”，“别无”，“只有”;but多与no one，nothing，who，all，everyone等连用，它可与except互换。例如:no one but a fool would believe it.who but he would do such

18、 a thing？4) except for 和 except thatwhen 二者意为“只是”或“除外”，表示理由或细节，修正前面所说的情况。except for后面接单词，except thatwhen后面接句子。整个句子所表达的意思重点在主句中，而except所构成的介词短语只是次要的。例如:your composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.(= your composition is good except that there are a few spelling mistakes。）比较：all the com

19、positions are good except li huas.(大家的作文都好，只有李华的除外。）5) except for和but for except for用于陈述语气，but for用于虚拟语气“要不是。例如： except for its temples,the place is not worth seeing。but for your help， i couldnt have finished the work on time。6) except but十动词不定式（可带to或不带to，当but或except之前没有动词“do”的某种形式时，其后的不定式要带to.)例如：

20、they did nothing exceptbut watch tv.i could not do anything exceptbur just wait for him to come round。巩固训练1. do you still remember the film we saw _the end of last week?a. inb。 byc。 atd. to2. that he had a lot of practice _volleyball was the reason why he defeated all the other players.a. inb。 atc。

21、ond. about3. _the sound of the knocking on the door, he rose and went to open it.a。 atb. onc。 tod. heard4. you can find the store _no。 19 beijing road。a。 onb. atc. near tod. in5. please wait for me _the corner of that street _three oclock。a。 in; atb。 at; onc. in； ford. at； at6. i bought these books

22、_one yuan a copy。a. atb。 byc. ond. in7. i cant buy it _such a price。a. ofb. forc。 atd. with8. the student is sitting _his desk.a. overb. aroundc. atd。 for9. when the spaceship leaves the earth _very high speed， the astronauts feel as if they are being crushed _the spaceship.a. with; inb. at； onc. wi

23、th; tod。 at; against10. the child hid himself _the door.a. afterb。 behindc。 in the front ofd。 ago11. she left the party _her headache。a。 becauseb. sincec。 in spite ofd。 because of12. you shouldnt eat so much chocolate _meals.a。 exceptb. betweenc。 unlessd。 through13. some animals sleep _day and wake

24、up _night.a。 by; byb。 at； byc. by； ond. on; in14. what time is it， please?it is seven _my watch。a. inb. atc。 ford。 by15. youll be able to speak english _practicing from time to time.a。 inb。 byc. withd。 for16. _the end of last year we had leaned five english songs。a。 atb。 byc. ind。 on17. a man should

25、 not be judged always _what he says.a。 byb。 inc. withd. to18. the guests will be here _two oclock.a. inb. onc. for d. by19. some people got up and left the hall _the show.a。 whileb. duringc. betweend。 through20. how much must i pay you _the tickets _tonight.a. of； ofb。 for; forc。 for; aboutd. for; t

26、o21. i am grateful _your help _me。a。 to； forb. for； toc。 to; tod. for； for22. joan is always praised _her cleverness.a. ofb. inc。 ford。 by23. its quite warm today _january.a. forb. inc。 atd. on24. i bought this book _fifty cents。a。 atb. aboutc. atd. for25. chinese is a language _more native speakers

27、 than any of the other languages.a。 withb. spokenc。 whichd。 has26. please write _pencil, not _ink.a。 in; withb。 in a; withc. with a ; ind。 with； in27. _the development of science and technology, our country has become richer and stronger。a. inb. byc. atd. with28. _the rise in prices, life is getting

28、 harder。a. withb. onc. asd。 for29. he has no good pen _.a。 to writeb. to write withc. to write ond. writing30. mary was disappointed when she found but they had gone to the ball _her。a. exceptb。 except forc. ford. without31. xiao li masters several other foreign languages _english. he studies german

29、, japanese and russian.a。 besideb. besidesc。 butd. except32. the soldier stood quite still, _his lips moved slightly.a. except thatb. except forc。 exceptd. besides33. your composition is good _a few spelling mistakes。a。 besidesb. exceptc。 except ford. except that34. peters car is excellent _the colo

30、r。a。 exceptb。 besidesc. except ford。 only except35. everybody went to the exhibition _mary。a. notb。 butc. ford. by36. we live a long way _the factory。a。 tob。 forc。 from d。 in37. the town lies _the west of the river。a. atb. inc。 fromd。 to38. lets walk over _the sun on the other side of the street.a. inb. to