三年高考(2017-2019)英语真题分项版解析——专题20 完形填空说明文、议论文(原卷版)

1、名师整理，助你成功三年（2017-2019）高考真题英语分项汇编专题20完形填空说明文、议论文一、2019年高考真题（无）二、2018年高考真题（无）三、2017年高考真题（无）2016年高考题【2016上海】readingcomprehensionsectionadirections:foreachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkeda,b,candd.fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.inthe1960s,douglasmcgreg

2、or,oneofthekeythinkersintheartofmanagement,developedthemowfamoustheoryxandtheoryy.theoryxistheideathatpeopleinstinctively51workandwilldoanythingtoavoidit.theoryyistheviewthateveryonehasthepotentialtofindsatisfactioninwork.inanycase,despitesomuchevidencetothe52,manymanagersstillagreetotheoryx.theybel

3、ieve,53,thattheiremployeesneedconstantsupervisioniftheyaretoworkeffectively,orthatdecisionsmustbeimposedfrom54withoutconsultation.this,ofcourse,makesforauthoritarian(专制的)managers.differentcultureshavedifferentwaysof55people.unlikeauthoritarianmanagement,someallcultures,particularlyinasia,arewellknow

4、nfortheconsultativenatureofdecision-makingmembersofthedepartmentorworkgroupareaskedto56tothisprocess.thisismanagementbythecollectiveopinion.manywesterncompanieshavetriedtoimitatesuchasianwaysofdoingthings,whicharebasedongeneral57.someexpertssaythatwomenwillbecomemoreeffectivemanagersthanmenbecauseth

5、eyhavethepowertoreachcommongoalsinawaythattraditional58managerscannot.arecenttrendhasbeentoencourageemployeestousetheirowninitiative,tomakedecisionsontheirownwithout59managersfirst.thisempowerment(授权)hasbeenpartofthetrendtowardsdownsizing:60thenumberofmanagementlayersincompanies.afterde-layeringinth

6、isway,acompanymaybe61withjustatoplevelofseniormanagers,front-linemanagersandemployeeswithdirectcontactwiththepublic.empowermenttakestheideaofdelegation(委托)muchfurtherthanhas62名师整理，助你成功beenthecase.empowermentanddelegationmeannewformsofmanagementcontrolto63thattheoverallbusinessplanisbeingfollowed,and

7、thatoperationsbecomemoreprofitableundertheneworganization,ratherthanless.anothertrendisoff-siteor64management,whereteamsofpeoplelinkedbye-mailandtheinternetworkonprojectsfromtheirownhouses.projectmanagersevaluatethe65oftheteammembersintermsofwhattheyproduceforprojects,ratherthantheamountoftimetheysp

8、endonthem.51.a.desireb.seekc.losed.dislike52.a.contrary53.a.viceversa54.a.outside55.a.replacing56.a.refer57.a.agreement58.a.bossy59.a.asking60.a.doubling61.a.honored62.a.economically63.a.deny64.a.virtual65.a.opinionb.expectationb.forexampleb.insideb.assessingb.contributeb.practiceb.experiencedb.trai

9、ningb.maintainingb.leftb.traditionallyb.admitb.ineffectiveb.riskc.degreec.howeverc.belowc.managingc.objectc.electionc.westernc.warningc.reducingc.crowdedc.inadequatelyc.assumec.day-to-dayc.performanced.extremed.otherwised.aboved.encouragingd.applyd.impressiond.maled.firingd.estimatingd.comparedd.occ

10、asionallyd.ensured.on-the-scened.attractiveness2015年高考试题议论文类【2015广东】阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从115各题所给的a、b、c和d项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。howlongcanhumanbeingslive?mostscientistswhostudyoldagethinkthatthehumanbodyis_1_tolivenolongerthan120years.however,110yearsisprobablythelongestthatanyonecouldhopetoliveifheorsheis

11、_2_healthyandlucky.somescientistsevensaywecanliveaslongas130years!yet,ourcellssimplycannotcontinuetoreproduce_3_.theywearout,andasaresult,we名师整理，助你成功getoldand_4_die.eventhoughwecantliveforever,wearelivinga_5_lifethaneverbefore.in1900,theaverageamericanlifespan(寿命)wasonly47years,buttodayitis75years!w

12、hendoesoldagebeginthen?sixty-fivemaybeout-of-dateasthe_6_linebetweenmiddleageandoldage.afterall,manyolderpeopledontbegintoexperiencephysicalandmental_7_untilafterage75.peoplearelivinglongerbecausemorepeople_8_childhood.beforemodernmedicinechangedthelawsofnature,manychildrendiedofcommonchildhood_9_.n

13、owthatthechancesofdying_10_aremuchlower,thechancesoflivinglongaremuchhigherduetobetterdietsandhealthcare.onthewhole,ourpopulationisgettingolder.the_11_inourpopulationwillhavelastingeffectsonoursocialdevelopmentandourwayoflife.somepeoplefearsuchchangeswillbefortheworse,whilesomesee_12_,notdisaster,ma

14、nymenandwomenintheir“goldenyears”arehealthy,stillactive,andyoungin_13_ifnotinage.asthesocietygrowsold,weneedthe_14_ofouroldercitizens.withlonglivesaheadofthem,theyneedto_15_activeanddevoted.1.a.designedb.selected2.a.completelyb.generally3.a.rapidlyb.harmlesslyc.improvedc.apparentlyc.endlesslyd.disco

15、veredd.extremelyd.separately4.a.eventually5.a.busier6.a.finishingb.hopelesslyb.longerb.guidingc.automaticallyc.richerc.waitingd.desperatelyd.happierd.dividing7.a.stressb.damagec.declined.failure8.a.surviveb.enjoyc.rememberd.value9.a.problemsb.fearsc.worriesd.diseases10.a.poor11.a.changes12.a.dreams1

16、3.a.mind14.a.protectionb.youngb.recoveryb.chancesb.appearanceb.suggestionsc.sickc.safetyc.strengthsc.voicec.contributionsd.quietd.increasesd.choicesd.movementd.permission名师整理，助你成功15.a.soundb.appearc.turnd.stay2014年高考试题议论文类【2014广东卷】完形填空parentsfeelthatitisdifficulttolivewithteenagers.thenagain,teenage

17、rshave1feelingsabouttheirparents,sayingthatitisnoteasylivingwiththem.accordingtoarecentresearch,themostcommon2betweenparentsandteenagersisthatregardinguntidinessanddailyroutinetasks.ontheonehand,parentsgomadover3rooms,clothesthrownonthefloorandtheirchildrensrefusaltohelpwiththe4.ontheotherhand,teena

18、gerslosetheirpatiencecontinuallywhenparentsblamethemfor5thetowelinthebathroom,notcleaninguptheirroomorrefusingtodotheshoppingatthesupermarket.theresearch,conductedbyst.georgeuniversity,showsthatdifferentparentshavedifferent6totheseproblems.however,someapproachesaremore7thanothers.forexample,thosepar

19、entswhoyellattheirchildrenfortheiruntidiness,but8cleantheroomforthem,havefewerchancesofchangingtheirchildrens9.onthecontrary,thosewholetteenagersexperiencethe10oftheiractionscandobetter.forexample,whenteenagerswhodonthelptheirparentswiththeshoppingdontfindtheirfavoritedrinkintherefrigerator,theyaref

20、orcedto11theiractions.psychologistssaythat12isthemostimportantthinginparent-childrelationships.parentsshould13totheirchildrenbutatthesametimetheyshouldlendaneartowhattheyhavetosay.parentsmay14theirchildrenwhentheyareuntidybuttheyshouldalsounderstandthattheirroomistheirownprivatespace.communicationis

21、atwo-wayprocess.itisonlybylisteningtoand15eachotherthatproblemsbetweenparentsandchildrencanbesettled.1.a.naturalb.strongc.guiltyd.similar2.a.interest3.a.noisyb.argumentb.crowdedc.linkc.messyd.knowledged.locked4.a.homework5.a.washingb.houseworkb.usingc.problemd.researchc.droppingd.replacing6.a.approa

22、chesb.contributionsc.introductionsd.attitudes7.a.complexb.popularc.scientificd.successful8.a.laterb.deliberatelyc.seldomd.thoroughly名师整理，助你成功9.a.behavior10.a.failuresb.tasteb.changesc.futured.naturec.consequencesd.thrills11.a.defendb.delayc.repeatd.reconsider12.a.communicationb.bondc.friendshipd.tru

23、st13.a.reply14.a.hateb.attendb.scoldc.attachc.frightend.talkd.stopb.observing15.a.lovingc.understandingd.praising2015说明文1.【2015重庆】bimaginethefirstdaysinanewtimezone.slowtorespondtothe28,yourbodyclockisconfused.youresleepyallday,butwhenitstimeforbed,youcanhardlyfallasleep.obviouslyyouare29jetlag（时差反应

24、）.travelershavetraditionallyfoughtthis30withsleepingpillsoralcohol.thereareactuallyhealthierwaysthatcanworkjustas31.forexample,themomentyougetontheairplane,start32yourbiologicalblocktotherdestinationstime.ifitsdaytimeinyoudestination,trytostay33.walkingaroundthecabin（客舱）canbeofhelp.whenitsnighttime,

25、trytosleep.inthatcase,eatbeforetheflight,34anemptystomachwillpreventyoufromsleeping.thesetipswillhelpyoustartanew35ofsleepandwakefulness.28.a.flightb.changec.demandd.climate29.a.sufferingfrom30.a.danger31.a.briefly32.a.checking33.a.awake34.a.thoughb.workingonb.problemb.slowlyb.sendingb.aloneb.soc.lo

26、okingintoc.wastec.suddenlyc.adjustingc.hungryc.wholed.leadingtod.feard.effectivelyd.stoppingd.calmd.or35.a.understandingb.cyclec.researchd.trend2.directions:foreachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkeda,b,candd.fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.ifyoustudie

27、dpicturesthatancientpeopleleftonrockwallsandyoutriedtodeterminetheirmeaning,名师整理，助你成功youwouldnotdetectinterestinromanceamongtheartists.51,youwouldseeplentyofanimalswithpeoplerunningafterthem.lifeforancientpeoplesearnedtocenteronhuntingandgatheringwildfoodsformeals.inmoderntimes,whenfoodisavailablein

28、grocerystores,findingloveismore52inpeopleslives.the53isallaroundus.itiseasytopreparealistofmodernstorieshavingtodowithlove.anendlessnumberofbooksandmoviesqualifyaslovestoriesinpopularculture.researchersarestudyingwhetherlove,ahighlyvaluedemotionalstate,canbe54.theyask,whatislove?toothpastecompaniesw

29、antustothinkattractionisallaboutcleanteeth,butcleanteethgoonlysofar.scientistswonderhowmuchthebraingetsinvolved.youhaveprobablyheardthatoppositesattractbutthat55attract,too.onethingiscertain:thetruthaboutloveisnotyetsetinstone.firstimpressiontohelpdeterminethe56ofattraction,researcherspaired164colle

30、geclassmatesandhadthemtalkfor3,6or10minutessotheycouldgetasenseofeachothersindividuality.thenstudentswereaskedto57whatkindofrelationshiptheywerelikelytobuildwiththeirpartners.afternineweeks,theyreportedwhathappened.asitturnedout,their58judgmentsoftenheldtrue.studentsseemedto59atanearlystagewhowouldb

31、estfitintotheirlives.the60knowsscientistshavealsoturnedtononhumanstoincreaseunderstandingofattraction.manyanimalsgiveoffpheromonesnaturalchemicalsthatcanbedetectedby,andthencanproducearesponsein,otheranimalsofthesamespecies.pheromonescansignalthatananimaliseitherreadytofightorisfeeling61topartnershi

32、ps.incontrast,humansdonotseemtobeas62asotheranimalsatdetectingsuchchemicals.smell,however,doesseemtoplayapartinhumanattraction.althoughwemaynotbeawareofchemicalslikepheromonesconsciously,wegiveandreceiveloadsofinformationthroughsmellineveryinteractionwithotherpeople.facevaluebeingfondofsomeoneseemst

33、ohaveanumberoffactors,includingseeingsomethingwefindattractive.researchershadpeoplejudgefacesfor63.theparticipantshad0.013secondstovieweachface,yetsomehowtheygenerallyconsideredtheimagesthesameaspeoplewhohadmoretimetostudythe名师整理，助你成功samefaces.thewaywe64attractivenessseemtobesomewhatautomatic.whensh

34、ownanattractivefaceandthenwordswithgoodorbadassociations,peoplerespondedto65wordsfasterafterviewinganattractiveface.seeingsomethingattractiveseemstocausehappythinking.51.a.insteadb.thereforec.moreoverd.otherwise52.a.romanticb.stressfulc.centrald.artificial53.a.priorityb.proofc.possibilityd.principle54.a.testedb.impressedc.changedd.created55.a.appearances56.a.illustrationsb.virtuesb.implicationsc.similaritiesc.ingredientsd.passionsd.intentions57.a.predictb.investigatec.diagnosed.recall58.a.criticalb.initialc.randomd.mature59.a.memorizeb.distinguishc.negotiated.question60.a.noseb.eyec.