高二语文配套练习 1.3 知之为知之不知为不知（新人教版选修《先秦诸子选读》） Word版含解析

1、三、知之为知之,不知为不知一、夯基训练1.下列句中不含通假字的一项是()a.诲女知之乎b.君子之过也,如日月之食焉c.无欲速d.子夏曰:“小人之过也必文。”答案:d解析:a项,女,通“汝”,你;b项,食,通“蚀”;c项,无,通 “毋”,不要。2.下列句中加点的词语属于古今异义词的一项是()a.子在川上曰:“逝者如斯夫,不舍昼夜!”b.人而无信,不知其可也c.岁寒,然后知松柏之后彫也d.君子之过也,如日月之食焉答案:c解析:c项中的“然后”,古义:这样以后。今义:承接连词,表示一件事情之后接着又发生另一件事情。其中三项,古今同义。3.下列各组句子中的加点词意义和用法相同的一项是()a.知之为知之

2、,不知为不知,是知也君子一言以为知b.过而不改,是谓过矣愿枉车骑过之c.君子之过也,如日月之食焉足食,足兵,民信之矣d.躬自厚而薄责于人人而无信,不知其可也答案:a解析:a项,两个“知”都通“智”,智慧,聪明。b项,名词用作动词,犯错误;动词,拜访,探问。c项,通“蚀”;粮食。d项,连词,表并列;连词,连接主语和谓语,如果。4.从词类活用的角度看,下列句中加点词的用法与例句相同的一项是()例句:足食,足兵,民信之矣a.躬自厚而薄责于人,则远怨矣b.非道弘人c.欲速则不达d.过而不改,是谓过矣答案:b解析:例句中的“足”,为形容词的使动用法,使充足。a项,形容词用作动词,严格要求;b项,形容词的

3、使动用法,使显扬。c项,形容词,快速;d项,名词用作动词,犯错误。5.下列各句的文言句式与例句相同的一项是()例句:知之为知之,不知为不知,是知也a.子夏为莒父宰,问政b.过而不改,是谓过矣c.其何以行之哉d.躬自厚而薄责于人答案:b解析:例句与b项都是判断句。a项省略句,“问政”后省略了“于孔子”;c项宾语前置;d项状语后置。二、课内阅读6.阅读下面文字,完成第67题。子曰:“由,诲女知之乎?知之为知之,不知为不知,是知也。”(论语为政)子曰:“不曰如之何,如之何者,吾末如之何也已矣!”(论语卫灵公)子曰:“过而不改,是谓过矣!”(论语卫灵公)子贡曰:“君子之过也,如日月之食焉:过也,人皆见

4、之;更也,人皆仰之。”(论语子张)子夏曰:“小人之过也必文。”(论语子张)下列句中加点词的解释不正确的一项是()a.知之为知之,不知为不知知:知道,了解b.吾末如之何也已矣末如之何:无如知何,拿他没办法c.过而不改,是谓过矣是:这d.小人之过也必文文:文采答案:d解析:d项中的“文”,意为掩饰。7.把下列句子翻译成现代汉语。(1)吾末如之何也已矣!(2)小人之过也必文。答案:(1)我也拿他没办法。(2)人格卑下的人犯错误,一定要去掩饰。8.阅读下面的文字,完成第810题。子夏为莒父宰,问政。子曰:“无欲速,无见小利。欲速则不达,见小利则大事不成。”(论语子路)子曰:“人而无信,不知其可也。大车

5、无挱,小车无皭,其何以行之哉?”(论语为政)子贡问政。子曰:“足食,足兵,民信之矣。”子贡曰:“必不得已而去,于斯三者何先?”曰:“去兵。”子贡曰:“必不得已而去,于斯二者何先?”曰:“去食。自古皆有死,民无信不立。”(论语颜渊)子曰:“岁寒,然后知松柏之后彫也。”(论语子罕)子在川上曰:“逝者如斯夫,不舍昼夜!”(论语子罕)下列句中加点词的解释不正确的一项是()a.其何以行之哉行:行走b.足食,足兵,民信之矣足:使足够、充足c.必不得已而去去:离开d.逝者如斯夫,不舍昼夜舍:止,停留答案:c解析:c项,去:去掉。9.下列各项中补出的省略成分,有误的一项是()a.子贡问政(于孔子)b.(子贡)

6、曰:“去兵。”c.民(若)无信不立d.逝者如斯夫,不舍(于)昼夜答案:b解析:b项,应该是:(孔子)曰。10.把下列句子翻译成现代汉语。(1)欲速则不达,见小利则大事不成。(2)人而无信,不知其可也。答案:(1)做事情贪快,反而达不到目的;贪小利,就办不成大事。(2)人如果不讲信用,我不知道他怎么可以。三、延伸阅读11.阅读下面的文言文,完成第1115题。鲁定公问于颜回曰:“子亦闻东野毕之善御乎?”对曰:“善则善矣。虽然,其马将必佚。”定公色不悦,谓左右曰:“君子固有诬人也。”颜回退。后三日,牧来诉之曰:“东野毕之马佚,两骖曳两服入于厩。”公闻之,越席而起,促驾召颜回。回至,公曰:“前日寡人问

7、吾子以东野毕之御,而子曰善则善矣,其马将佚,不识吾子奚以知之?”颜回对曰:“以政知之。昔者帝舜巧于使民,造父巧于使马。舜不穷其民力,造父不穷其马力。是以舜无佚民,造父无佚马。今东野毕之御也,升马执辔,御体正矣;步骤驰骋,朝礼毕矣;历险致远,马力尽矣,然而犹乃求马不已。臣以此知之。”公曰:“善,诚若吾子之言也。吾子之言,其义大矣,愿少进乎?”颜回曰:“臣闻之,鸟穷则啄,兽穷则攫,人穷则诈,马穷则佚。自古及今,未有穷其下而能无危者也。”公悦,遂以告孔子。孔子对曰:“夫其所以为颜回者,此之类也。岂足多哉!”(选自孔子家语颜回)下列句中加点词的解释不正确的一项是()a.君子固有诬人也固:原来b.昔者帝

8、舜巧于使民巧:灵巧c.是以舜无佚民是:此,这d.岂足多哉多:称赞答案:b解析:b项,“巧”在句中的意思应为“擅长、善于”。12.下列各组句子中的加点词意义和用法不相同的一项是()a.鲁定公问于颜回曰勾践说于国人曰b.子亦闻东野毕之善御乎吾妻之美我者,私我也c.善则善矣此则寡人之过也d.舜不穷其民力樊哙侧其盾以撞答案:c解析:c项,表示让步关系,相当于“倒是”;表判断,意为“是,就是”。a项,“于”均为介词,引进宾语。b项,“之”均为助词,用于主谓之间,取消句子独立性。d项,“其”均为代词,意为“他的”。13.下列对鲁定公由“不悦”转而为“悦”的原因的分析,正确的一项是()a.颜回的话在政事方面

9、给鲁定公以有益的启示。b.颜回能公正地评价东野毕的驭术。c.颜回详尽地分析了“马穷则佚”的原因。d.颜回准确地预测了东野毕“马将佚”。答案:a解析:b、c两项均未分析出“悦”的实质原因。d项,颜回预测“马将佚”“定公色不悦”。14.下列对原文有关内容的分析和概括,正确的一项是()a.鲁定公开始认为颜回对东野毕有偏见,后来,在掌管畜牧的官员的进谏下,他改变了自己的看法。b.颜回认为东野毕的驭马技能虽然比较高明,但他同造父一样,都远未达到尽善尽美的境地。c.颜回认为,不管是驭马,还是使民,都要持之有方,否则就会产生严重的后果。d.鲁定公心悦诚服地向孔子转述了颜回的话,孔子分析了颜回之所以成为颜回的

10、心理原因。答案:c解析:a项,“在掌管畜牧的官员的进谏下”原文中未体现。b项,“颜回认为东野毕的驭马技能同造父一样”与原文不符,原文“造父巧于使马造父不穷其马力”。d项,孔子并未分析颜回的心理原因。15.把下列句子翻译成现代汉语。(1)公闻之,越席而起,促驾召颜回。(2)不识吾子奚以知之?(3)自古及今,未有穷其下而能无危者也。答案:(1)鲁定公听说了这件事,离开席位站起来,(命人)催车速行,召见颜回。(2)不知道您根据什么知道这件事呢?(3)自古至今,从没有使他的臣民窘迫而(自己)却能没有危险的。参考译文:鲁定公问颜回说:“您也听说过东野毕善于驾车吗?”颜回回答说:“善于驾车倒是善于驾车。虽

11、然如此,他的马将来一定逃跑。”鲁定公脸色不高兴,对身边的人说:“有德行的人原来也说别人的坏话呀。”颜回退了下去。三天后,牧马的人告诉鲁定公说:“东野毕的马逃跑了,两匹骖马拖着两匹服马进了马棚。”鲁定公听说了这件事,离开席位站起来,(命人)催车速行,召见颜回。颜回来到,鲁定公说:“前天我问您东野毕驾车之事,而您说善于驾车倒是善于驾车。虽然如此,他的马将来一定逃跑,不知道您根据什么知道这件事呢?”颜回回答说:“根据政事知道这种情况。从前帝舜善于使唤百姓,造父善于驾驭马。舜不用尽他的民力,造父不用尽他的马力。因此舜没有逃跑的百姓,造父没有逃跑的马。现在东野毕驾车,套上马,握着缰绳,正体端坐,使马大步

12、奔驰,驾车完成了朝见国君的礼节;经历险要的地方,跑到远处,马力用尽,但是仍然赶马不止。我根据这知道这种情况。”鲁定公说:“好,确实像您所说的那样。您的话,意义很大呀,您愿意再稍微深入一些吗?”颜回说:“我听说这样的情况,鸟急了就会乱啄,兽急了就会乱抓,人急了就会叛乱,马窘困就逃跑。自古至今,从没有使他的臣民窘迫而(自己)却能没有危险的。”鲁定公很高兴,于是把颜回的话告诉孔子。孔子回答说:“颜回之所以是颜回,就是因为这种情况。哪值得称赞呢!”kknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawg

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