危险警告标志使用的指南

1、3M China危险警告标志使用指南 Introduction 简介 Hazard warning labels are an important part of the health and safety controls provided on equipment to warn pers onnel of pote ntial hazards associated with the equipme nt.Hazard war ning labels should be used when hazards have not been eliminated from equipment th

2、rough other means (e.g., a complete enclosure of the hazard to prevent exposure) and the potential for exposure to the hazards is still present. This applies both to hazards which can be present at all times during normal operating conditions and hazards which may be present only during specific con

3、ditions.Hazard warning labels should be used for the variety of hazards that can be prese nt in equipme nt in clud ing the follow ing: ? Electrical ? Moving parts ? Chemical ? Hot surfaces ? Non-i onizing radiati on ? Lasers 危险警告标志是设备所能提供的健康及安全控制措施的重要组成部分之一，它能警告人们与设备 伴随的潜在隐患。危险警告标志应用于通过其他手段不能完全消除设备隐

4、患，并且仍存在有接触 这些隐患的可能的情况下。这包括这些隐患会在整个正常操作条件下出现以及只会在特定条件下 岀现两种情况。危险警告标志应用于下列会在设备中存在的不同隐患： 电 移动部件 化学品 高温表面 非电离辐射 激光 The selection of the specific labels to be used will depend on the types of hazards present in the equipme nt. 应根据岀现在设备中的隐患的种类来选择所应采用的危险警告标志的类型。 This guide will address four basic issues re

5、lated to the use of hazard warning labels: 本指南将说明使用危险警告标志的四个基本问题： When are labels required? 什么时候需要使用危险警告标志？ Where should the labels be placed? 危险警告标志应放在什么地方？ What format is required? 需要使用什么样的格式？ Examples of Warning Labels 危险警告标志例 When are labels Required? 什么时候需要使用危险警告标志？ In gen eral, labels are n ot

6、 an acceptable substitute for remov ing or con troll ing the hazard to safe levels with engineering controls.Labels should be provided as an additional warning when exposure to a hazard is possible during operations, maintenance or service, or other uses of the equipment.As an example, if a maintena

7、nce task requires remov ing a guard which provides protecti on aga instmovi ng parts, the guard should be labeled because of the potential for injury from the moving parts.In this case, the hazard is only present when the guard is removed. If a hazard is present at all times during normal operating

8、conditions, the portion of the equipment where the hazard is present should be labeled. 总体而言，在消除或控制隐患的安全水平方面，危险警告标志并不是工程控制的一种可接受的 替代品。危险警告标志应用于在操作、维修、维护或其他使用设备过程中可能会接触隐患的一种 附加的警告。例如，如果一项维修任务需要移开一个安全防护罩，而这个安全防护罩会保护某 一移动部件，那么这个安全防护罩就应该加上危险警告标志，因为这一移动部件可能会造成伤害。 在这个例子中，隐患只是在安全防护罩被移开以后才会出现。如果某一隐患在正常操作过程中

9、会 一直存在的话，存在隐患的设备部分就应该予以标示。 Where Should Labels Be Placed? 危险警告标志应放在什么地方？ If a guard or barrier is used to provide protection against a hazard, the labels should be placed on the barrier, guard, cover or part that must be opened or removed to gain access to the hazard. If there are several layers of

10、barriers (e.g., outer skin and interior guard), the label should be placed on the last barrier to be removed before reach ing the hazardous area. Some examples of this are listed below: ? Electrical panel access cover or door. The label should be placed on the panel cover or door which would allow e

11、xposure to electrical hazards whe n ope ned, ? A guard over a moving parts hazard. The label should be placed on the last guard or cover which must be removed in order to access the moving parts, 如果某一防护罩或栅栏用于保护某一危险，危险警告标志就应该放在这些必须打开或移开后才会 接触到隐患的栅栏、防护罩或部件上。如果栅栏有几层(例如外壳和部防护罩)，危险警告标志 应放置在接触到危险区域之前所应移开的

12、最后一层栅栏上。 以下是一些这样的例子： 配电盘盖板或门。危险警告标志应放在打开后就会导致接触电能危险的盖板或门上。 某一移动部件上的防护罩。危险警告标志应放在接触到移动部件之前必须移开的随后一层 防护罩或盖板上。 Where equipme nt contains hazardous or pote ntially hazardous materials (e.g. chemicals, lasers, X-ray sources, a war ning label should be placed on the outside of the equipme nt to in dicate

13、the hazard(s) contained withi n. 如果设备贮存有危险的或潜在危险的物质(例如：化学品、激光、X射线)，危险警告标志应放 在设备的外表面以注明所存在的隐患。 The label should be placed on the equipment where it is most likely to be noticed by personnel who will be working with the equipment and could be exposed to the hazard. This should take into account the fo

14、llowing: 危险警告标志应防止在设备上最容易被使用该设备并可能会接触隐患的人注意的地方。这需要从 以下几个方面考虑： ? Direction from which personnel will approach the area of the equipment where the hazard is prese nt. If access is only possible from the rear of the equipme nt, the label should be placed on the rear of the equipme nt where pers onnel w

15、ill work or access the equipme nt, ?人接近设备危险区域部位的方向。如果人只能从设备的后面接近设备，那么危险警告标志就 应放在设备后面人进行操作或接近设备的地方。 ? Posture of the pers on whe n remov ing the guard or performi ng tasks that in volve the pote ntial for exposure. If a task requires that a person sit on the ground in order to remove a guard or cover

16、, the label should be placed on the guard or cover where it would be easily seen when sitting on the grou nd or whe n approachi ng the equipme nt for this task. ?人移开防护罩或进行可能接触隐患操作时的姿势。如果某一任务需要人坐在地上来移开防护 罩或盖板，危险警告标志就应放在人坐在地上时容易看见的地方。 If the hazard is present in the equipment at all times during norma

17、l operating conditions, the label should be placed in an area where it can easily be seen by personnel working with the equipment and near the location of the hazard. This should take into account the locationwhere personnel will be when working with the equipment. Thus, if the hazard can be accesse

18、d from both front and back, labels will be n eeded for both the front and rear of the equipme nt. 如果某一隐患会在设备的正常操作过程中一直存在，危险警告标志就应该放在危险源附近并容易 被操作人员看见的地方。这需要考虑操作设备时人的位置。因此，如果某一隐患从设备的前面和 后面都可以接触到，那么设备的前面和后面就都应该有危险警告标志。 What Format is Required? 需要什么样的格式？ The basic format requires three levels of informa

19、tion and formatting: ?A pictogram / graphic show ing what the hazard is, ? A sig nal word (Da nger, Warning, Cauti on) based upon the hazard level, ? Text describ ing the hazard, the pote ntial hazardous outcome and the precauti ons to avoid the hazard 所有危险警告标志的基本格式至少应包括以下三个层次的信息和格式： 一个能表明隐患是什么的象形图

20、一个表明隐患级别的信号文字(危险、警告、注意) 一段描述隐患、潜在的危险后果以及避免危险的防措施的文字。 The definitions of the signal words are summarized below: ? CAUTION:The hazard may result in minor or moderate injury. ? WARNING:A pote ntially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious in jury. ? DANGER:An immine

21、nt hazard which, if not avoided, will result in death or serious in jury. 以下总结了信号文字的定义： 注意：隐患可能会导致较小的或中等的伤害。 警告：如果不预防，可能会岀现导致死亡或严重伤害的危险情况。 危险：如果不预防，肯定回导致死亡或严重伤害的隐患。 As an example, the format for an electrical hazard warning label would be the following: ?Pictogram:Picture of electrical symbol ?Sig n

22、al WordWarning ? Text: Hazardous Voltage Con tact May Cause Electric Shock or Bur n Tur n off and lock out system before servic ing 例如，一个电能隐患的危险警告标志应包括以下容： 象形图： 电力标志的图形 信号文字： 警告 文字： 危险高压 直接接触或导致电击或灼伤 维护前应关闭并锁闭系统 Hazardous warni ng labels format: 危害警告标志格式： 信号文字 Signal words 文本 Text 象形图 Pictogram Size

23、尺寸： Large 大 250mm*392mm Medium 中 200mm*313mm Small 小 150mm*235mm For example: 例如： 虚NG障 易燃化学品存储区域 禁止烟火 Flammable chemical storage area No bur ning 鑿 土 WARNING 咼压危险 有触电和起火危险 操作前关闭并锁定系统电源 Hazardous voltage Risk of electric shock or bur n Turn off and lock out system power before servici ng A小心 CAUTION

24、移动部件会造成压伤和割伤 与手保持距离 禁止移开防护罩进行操作 Moving parts can crush and cut Keep hands clear Do NOT operate with guard removed Signal words 信号文字 A也際 A小心 CAUTION TICE Pictogram 象形图 Fire Protection 消防类 LK7 灭火器 消防水带 消防手动启动器 Fire ext in guisherFire hose Manual activati ng device 发声警报器 Fire alarm 消防梯 Fire ladder 灭火设备

25、 Fire-fighting equipment 击碎板面 Break to obta in access Prohibition 禁止类 禁止用水灭火 禁止吸烟 No wateri ng to put out the fireNo smok ing 禁止烟火 No bur ning 禁止带火种 No matches 禁止阻塞禁止锁闭禁止放易燃物禁止饮用 No obstruct ingNo lock ing No flammable materials No drinking 禁止戴手套禁止穿化纤服禁止启动 No putt ing on gloves No putt ing on No sta

26、rt ing 禁止合闸 No switch ing on chemical fibre cloth ings 禁止转动 No turning 禁止触摸 No touch ing 禁止攀登 No climbi ng 禁止停留 No stopp ing 禁止通行禁止铲车通行禁止入 禁止使用移动 No thoroughfareNo forklift No en try No mobile pho ne 禁止靠近 No n eari ng 禁止乘人 No ridi ng 禁止拍照禁止鸣笛 No tak ing pictures No trump ing Warning警告类 4 全 当心触电 当心烫伤 当心冻伤当心铲车 Dan ger, electric shockCa