句子结构宾从状从定从

1、中考复习之句子结构句子结构 句子 句子 成分 句子 结构 句子 种类 句子成分 主语:行为主体，句子描述的主体 谓语: 主语发出的动作 宾语: 动作的承受者 定语:用来修饰名词、代词 状语:时间、地点、原因等 表语表语:表示主语“是什么”“怎么样” 句子成分 主语：Youbeat him. 谓语: You beathim. 宾语: You beat him . 定语:You beat the badboy. 状语:You stayed at home . 表语:He is bad ./He is a boy . 句子种类句子种类 按句子的用途分 按句子的结构分 陈述句 疑问句 祈使句 简单句

2、并列句 复合句 感叹句 ? 1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. ? 2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. ? 3. There is a chair in this room, isnt there? 简单句 复合句 简单句 ? 4. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. ? 5. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child. ? 6. My brother and

3、 I go to school at half past seven in the morning. 并列句 复合句 简单句 ? 7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. ? 8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it? ? 9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree. ? 10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music. 并列句 复合句 简单句 简单句 简单

4、句结构 1. 主语+谓语 2. 主语+谓语+宾语 3. 主语+谓语+双宾语 4. 主语+ 谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 5. 主语+系动词+表语 1. 简单句（只有一个主语和谓语）简单句（只有一个主语和谓语） 1）I got an e-mail yesterday. 2）It was from my foreign friend. 3）He often reads English in the morning. 4）Tom and Mike are American boys. 5）She likes drawing and swimming. 6）My parents gave me some a

5、dvice. 7）Mary heard a bird singing in the tree. 8）I found a little boy standing in front of my door. 9）My car broke down just now. 10 ）A traffic accident happened. 2. 并列句 (简单句+并列连词+简单句) 并列连词有：and, but, or, so, for 1) You help him and he helps you. 2) The future is brightbut the road is not flat. 3)

6、This is our first lesson, so I dont know all your names. 4) Hurry up, or youll miss the train. 5) We put off the sports meeting, for the weather is bad. 3. 复合句（主句+从句） 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、 定语从句和状语从句等。 1）I dont know that he is an engineer. 2）He asked me if/whether I will go for a picnic this weekend. 3）Cou

7、ld you tell me where the bank is. 4) The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. 5) The boy went on to help his mother after he finished his homework. 6）If I am free, Ill visit the Old Peoples Home. 7）Although he is poor, he often helps others. 8）What he says doesnt

8、 suit him. 9）I like the music that I can dance to. 10 ）He prefers the musicians who are energetic. 11 ）She likes visiting the places where the weather is warm. 宾语从句宾语从句 （The Object Clause) 1. The boy asks the girl, ”Whats your name”? The girl says, “My name is Han Mei.” 2. The girl asked the doctor,

9、 ”What is wrong with her ? The doctor said, “You just have a cold.” 1. The boy asks the girl what her name is ? 2. The girl says that her name is Han Mei. 3. The girl asked the doctor what was wrong with her ? 4. The doctor told her that she just had a cold. what that what that her name is her name

10、is Han Mei was wrong had a cold 宾语从句四要素 引 导 词 语序 时态 人称 由that 引导( 陈述句） 由特殊疑问词: what, which, who, how whose, whom, when, where, why, 引导（特殊疑问句） 由whether, if 引导（一般疑问句/ 选择疑问句） 1 . 宾语从句的引导词：宾语从句的引导词： ( ) 1. Can you tell me_it is from here to the Summer Palace? Let me see. Its about fifteen minutes ride. A

11、. how long B. How soon C. how far D. how much C 中考链接（考查引导词）中考链接（考查引导词） 1. I want to know _ its going to rain tomorrow. 2. I hear _ he will be back in an hour. 3. He asked _ could answer the question. 4. Do you know_ they are doing now? 5. He asked me _ I got up this morning . 6. Please tell me _ nam

12、e is Bob. 7. Could you tell me _ you are late again? 用恰当的引导词填空用恰当的引导词填空 if/whether (that) who what when whose why 选择 whether, if 填空 1. Im worried about _ I did well in the exam. 2. Ask him _ to go to Anns party tonight. 3. Im not sure _ or not I should follow your advice. 4. Im not sure _ I can catc

13、h the early bus. I think _ you get up early, you can. 1.在介词后面, 只能用whether. 2.在动词不定式前, 只能用whether. 3.与 or not 连用时，只能用whether. 4.表示“如果”时只能用 if. whether whether whether if / whether if 如果如果 1. think 的宾语从句否定前移 , 疑问词放句首。 e.g 1) He hasnt been to Tibet. I think. ( 合并为一句） I dont thinkhe has been to Tibet .

14、2) 你认为他去哪里了？ A. Do you think where he has gone? B. Where do you think he has gone? C. Do you think where has he gone? D. Where do you think has he gone? 3) 你认为我们班谁最聪明？ A. Who do you think is the cleverest? B. Do you think who is the cleverest? 注意： A. Who do you think is the cleverest? ( )6. Do you k

15、now _ the MP4 yesterday. Sorry, Ive no idea about it. A. how much did he pay for B. how much he paid for C. he paid for how much D. he paid how much for B 中考链接（考察语序）中考链接（考察语序） 1) 你能告诉我怎么去博物馆吗？ Could you tell me how _ _ get to the museum ? 2) 他问我来自哪里？ He asked me where _ _ _ . 3) 请告诉我你刚才去哪里了。 Please

16、tell me where _ _ just now? I can I came from you went “主语+谓语”2 . 宾语从句的语序：宾语从句的语序： 2. 当疑问词作宾语从句的主语时，语序不变： 1) What s wrong? 2) What s the matter? 3) What s happening? 4) What happened? 5) Which is the way to the hospital? eg: 1) 我不知道她怎么了？ I don t know whats the matter with her . 2) 你知道哪条路是去医院的吗？ Do y

17、ou knowwhich is the way to the hospital? 注意： ( )2. Where is Tom? Do you know? I think he_ to the library. A. has gone B. goes C. has been D. went ( ) 3.Tom said he _ back in a week. A. will come B. would come C. come D. has come A B 中考链接（考察时态）中考链接（考察时态） ( ) 4. Please tell me _. I have some good news

18、 for him. A. where Robert lives B. where does Robert live C. where Robert lived D. where did Robert live A 中考链接（考察综合运用）中考链接（考察综合运用） . ( )7. The new designed car is on show now. I wonder _. A. how much it cost B. how much did it cost C. how much it costs D. how much does it cost C 中考链接（考察综合运用）中考链接（考察

19、综合运用） Tom _ (be) to Guilin twice . she _ (come)tomorrow . Jim _ (go)to work an hour ago . he _ (be)interested in English . （1）. 主句（一般现在时），宾语从句（任何时态） I hear (that) 3 . 宾语从句的时态: has been will come went is 1. He said that he will go to Xian soon. 2. Lily told me that she is ill yesterday. 3. Bob said h

20、e is watching TV at that time. 4. Mary told me that she has had supper already. would was was watching had had （2）. 主句（一般过去时）， 宾语从句（相应的过去时态）。 1) He said that the sun _ (be) much bigger than the moon . 2) My teacher told me that light _ (travel)faster than the sound. 3) I knew the earth _ (move) arou

21、nd the sun. （3）. 当宾语从句是客观存在的事实或者真理时， 仍是用一般现在时态。仍是用一般现在时态。 is travels moves 注意： 3. 宾语从句转化为简单句 1) I really dont know what I should say to him. I really dont know _ _ _ to him. 2) I find its difficult to solve the problem. I find _ difficult _ solve the problem. what to say it to 4. 据说，据报道 1) Its said

22、that Li Lei _ (fall)off his bike and hurt himself. 2) Its reported that it _ (rain) tomorrow. fell is going to rain 状语从句状语从句 （The adverbial Clause) 1) as soon as. 2) unless. 3) because 4) so.that. 5) as.as 6) in order that. 7) though 时间状语从句条件状语从句 原因状语从句结果状语从句 比较状语从句 让步状语从句 目的状语从句 1. 1) While he _ (b

23、rush)his teeth, the telephone _ (ring) . 2) When you _ (cross)the street, you should obey the traffic rules. 3) Do you often use disposable chopsticks when _ (eat)in restaurants? 2. 1) If Bob _ (have)enough time, he _ (visit)Old Peoples Home. 2) If I _ (be) you, I _ (visit) Old Peoples Home. 3) Be c

24、areful, or youll cut your finger. _ you are careful, you wont cut your finger. _ you _ careful, you will cut your finger. 3. 1) As it was rainy yesterday, we _ (not go)hiking. 2) Why didnt you go hiking yesterday? _ it is rainy. 4. 1) The girl is _ scared that she cant say a word. The girl is _ scar

25、ed _ say a word. 2) Its _ a cute dog that we all like it. =The dog is _ cute that we all like it. 5. 1) The girl is scared so thatshe cant say a word. 2) We got up early so thatwe could be on time. 3) We got up early so that we caught the early bus. 6. This room is three times as _ (big) as that one

26、. = This room is twice _ (big) than that one. 7. 1) Although she was badly ill, she went on working. = She was badly ill, _ she went on working. 2) Whatever you do, please try your best. = _ _ _ you do, please try your best. 定语从句 （The attributive Clause) 1) 先行词为人2) 先行词为物 3) 人或物的4) 先行词为时间 5) 先行词为地点6) 先行词为原因 who/that/whomwhich/that whose when wherewhy 1. Do you know where we can go for a picnic? 2. Do you know a plac