国际联盟盟约

1、精选文档The Covenant of the League of Nations(Including Amendments adopted to December, 1924)THE HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES,In order to promote international co-operation and to achieve international peace and security by the acceptance of obligations not to resort to war, by the prescription of open, jus

2、t and honourable relations between nations, by the firm establishment of the understandings of international law as the actual rule of conduct among Governments, and by the maintenance of justice and a scrupulous respect for all treaty obligations in the dealings of organised peoples with one anothe

3、r,Agree to this Covenant of the League of Nations.ARTICLE 1.The original Members of the League of Nations shall be those of the Signatories which are named in the Annex to this Covenant and also such of those other States named in the Annex as shall accede without reservation to this Covenant. Such

4、accession shall be effected by a Declaration deposited with the Secretariat within two months of the coming into force of the Covenant. Notice thereof shall be sent to all other Members of theLeague.Any fully self-governing State, Dominion or Colony not named in the Annex may become a Member of the

5、League if its admission is agreed to by two-thirds of theAssembly, provided that it shall give effective guarantees of its sincere intention to observe its international obligations, and shall accept such regulations as may be prescribed by the League in regard to its military, naval and air forces

6、and armaments.Any Member of the League may, after two years notice of its intention so to do, withdraw from the League, provided that all its international obligations and all its obligations under this Covenant shall have been fulfilled at the time of its withdrawal.ARTICLE 2.The action of the Leag

7、ue un der this Cove nant shall be effected through the in strume ntality of an Assembly and of a Coun cil, with a p erma nent Secretariat.ARTICLE 3.The Assembly shall con sist of Rep rese ntatives of the Members of the League.The Assembly shall meet at stated in tervals and from time to time as occa

8、si on may require at the Seat of the League or at such other place as may be decided upon.The Assembly may deal at its meeti ngs with any matter within the sp here of actio n of the League or affect ing the p eace of the world. At meeti ngs of the Assembly each Member of the League shall have one vo

9、te, and may have not more tha n three Rep rese ntatives.ARTICLE 4.The Coun cil shall con sist of Rep rese ntatives of the Principal Allied and AssociatedPowers, together with Rep rese ntatives of four other Members of the League. These fourMembers of the League shall be selected by the Assembly from

10、 time to time in its discreti on. Un til the appoin tme nt of the Rep rese ntatives of the four Members of theLeague first selected by the Assembly, Rep rese ntatives of Belgium, Brazil, Spain andGreece shall be members of the Coun cil.With the app roval of the majority of the Assembly, the Council

11、may n ame additi onalMembers of the League whose Rep rese ntatives shall always be members of the Coun cil;the Coun cil, with like app roval may in crease the nu mber of Members of the League to be selected by the Assembly for rep rese ntati on on the Coun cil.The Coun cil shall meet from time to ti

12、me as occasi on may require, and at least once a year, at the Seat of the League, or at such other p lace as may be decided upon.The Coun cil may deal at its meeti ngs with any matter with in the sp here of action of theLeague or affect ing the p eace of the world.Any Member of the League not rep re

13、se nted on the Council shall be in vited to send aRep rese ntative to sit as a member at any meeti ng of the Council duri ng the con siderati on of matters sp ecially affect ing the in terests of that Member of the League.At meeti ngs of the Coun cil, each Member of the League rep rese nted on the C

14、ouncil shall have one vote, and may have not more tha n one Rep rese ntative.ARTICLE 5.Except where otherwise exp ressly p rovided in this Covenant or by the terms of the p rese nt Treaty, decisi ons at any meet ing of the Assembly or of the Council shall require the agreeme nt of all the Members of

15、 the League rep rese nted at the meeti ng.All matters of p rocedure at meeti ngs of the Assembly or of the Coun cil, in clud ing the appoin tme nt of Committees to in vestigate p articular matters, shall be regulated by theAssembly or by the Council and may be decided by a majority of the Members of

16、 theLeague rep rese nted at the meet ing.The first meet ing of the Assembly and the first meet ing of the Council shall be sum moned by the Preside nt of the Un ited States of America.ARTICLE 6.The p erma nent Secretariat shall be established at the Seat of the League. TheSecretariat shall comp rise

17、 a Secretary Gen eral and such secretaries and staff as may be required.The first Secretary Gen eral shall be the person n amed in the Ann ex; thereafter theSecretary Gen eral shall be appoin ted by the Council with the app roval of the majority of the Assembly.The secretaries and staff of the Secre

18、tariat shall be appoin ted by the SecretaryGen eral with the app roval of the Coun cil.The Secretary Gen eral shall act in that cap acity at all meeti ngs of the Assembly and of the Coun cil.The expen ses of the League shall be borne by the Members of the League in the proportion decided by the Asse

19、mbly.ARTICLE 7.The Seat of the League is established at Gen eva.The Coun cil may at any time decide that the Seat of the League shall be established elsewhere.All po siti ons un der or in connection with the League, in cludi ng the Secretariat, shall be open equally to men and wome n.Rep rese ntativ

20、es of the Members of the League and officials of the League whe n en gaged on the bus in ess of the League shall enjoy dipIo matic p rivileges and immun ities.The buildi ngs and other property occ upied by the League or its officials or byRep rese ntatives atte nding its meet ings shall be in violab

21、le.ARTICLE 8.The Members of the League recog nise that the maintenance of p eace requires the reduct ion of n ati onal armame nts to the lowest point con siste nt with n ati onal safety and the en forceme nt by com mon action of intern ati onal obligati ons.The Coun cil, tak ing acco unt of the geog

22、ra phical situatio n and circumsta nces of eachState, shall formulate plans for such reduct ion for the con siderati on and acti on of the several Governmen ts. Such plans shall be subject to recon sideratio n and revisi on at least every ten years.After these plans shall have bee n ado pted by the

23、several Governmen ts, the limits of armame nts therein fixed shall n ot be exceeded without the con curre nee of the Coun cil.The Members of the League agree that the manufacture by p rivate enterp rise of mun iti ons and impi eme nts of war is open to grave object ions. The Coun cil shall advise ho

24、w the evil effects atte ndant upon such manufacture can be preven ted, due regard being had to the n ecessities of those Members of the League which are not able to manu facture the mun iti ons and imp leme nts of war n ecessary for their safety.The Members of the League un dertake to in tercha nge

25、full and frank in formati on as to the scale of their armame nts, their military, n aval and air p rogrammes and the con diti on of such of their in dustries as are ada ptable to war-like purpo ses.ARTICLE 9.A p erma nent Commissi on shall be con stituted to advise the Council on the executi on of t

26、he p rovisi ons of Articles 1 and 8 and on military, n aval and air questi ons gen erally.ARTICLE 10.The Members of the League un dertake to respect and p reserve as aga inst exter nal aggressi on the territorial in tegrity and exist ing p olitical independence of all Members of the League. In case

27、of any such aggressi on or in case of any threat or dan ger of such aggressi on the Council shall advise upon the means by which this obligati on shall be fulfilled.ARTICLE 11.Any war or threat of war, whether immediately affect ing any of the Members of theLeague or no t, is hereby declared a matte

28、r of concern to the whole League, and theLeague shall take any action that may be deemed wise and effectual to safeguard the p eace of n ati ons. In case any such emerge ncy should arise the Secretary Gen eral shall on the request of any Member of the League forthwith sum mon a meet ing of the Coun

29、cil.It is also declared to be the frien dly right of each Member of the League to bring to the atte nti on of the Assembly or of the Council any circumsta nee whatever affect ing intern ati onal relati ons which threate ns to disturb intern ati onal p eace or the good un dersta nding betwee n n ati

30、ons upon which p eace depends.ARTICLE 12.The Members of the League agree that, if there should arise betwee n them any dis pute likely to lead to a rup ture they will submit the matter either to arbitrati on or judicial settleme nt or to enquiry by the Coun cil, and they agree in no case to resort t

31、o war un til three mon ths after the award by the arbitrators or the judicial decisi on, or the report by theCoun cil. In any case un der this Article the award of the arbitrators or the judicial decisi on shall be made withi n a reas on able time, and the report of the Council shall be made withi n

32、 six mon ths after the submissi on of the dis pute.ARTICLE 13.The Members of the League agree that whe never any dis pute shall arise betwee n them which they recog nise to be suitable for submissi on to arbitrati on or judicial settleme nt and which cannot be satisfactorily settled by dipIo macy, t

33、hey will submit the whole subject-matter to arbitrati on or judicial settleme nt.Dispu tes as to the interp retati on of a treaty, as to any questi on of intern ati on al law, as to the existe nee of any fact which if established would con stitute a breach of any intern ati onal obligati on, or as t

34、o the exte nt and n ature of the rep arati on to be made for anysuch breach, are declared to be among those which are gen erally suitable for submissi on to arbitrati on or judicial settleme nt.For the con sideratio n of any such dis pu te, the court to which the case is referred shallArticle 14 ,be

35、 the Perma nent Court of Intern atio nal Justice, established in accorda nee with or any trib unal agreed on by the p arties to the dis pute or sti pu lated in any conven ti on existi ng betwee n them.The Members of the League agree that they will carry out in full good faith any award or decisi on

36、that may be ren dered, and that they will not resort to war aga inst a Member of the League which comp lies therewith. In the event of any failure to carry out such an award or decisi on, the Council shall prop ose what ste ps should be take n to give effect thereto.ARTICLE 14.The Coun cil shall for

37、mulate and submit to the Members of the League for ado pti on plans for the establishme nt of a Perma nent Court of Intern ati on al Justice. The Court shall be comp ete nt to hear and determ ine any dis pute of an intern atio nal character which the p arties thereto submit to it. The Court may also

38、 give an advisory opinion upon any dis pute or questio n referred to it by the Council or by the Assembly.ARTICLE 15.If there should arise betwee n Members of the League any dis pute likely to lead to a rup ture, which is not submitted to arbitrati on or judicial settleme nt in accorda nee withArtic

39、le 13, the Members of the League agree that they will submit the matter to the Coun cil.Any p arty to the dis pute may effect such submissi on by givi ng no tice of the existe nee of the dis pute to the Secretary Gen eral, who will make all n ecessary arran geme nts for a full in vestigati on and co

40、n sideratio n thereof.For this purpose the p arties to the dis pute will com mun icate to the Secretary Gen eral, as promp tly as p ossible, stateme nts of their case with all the releva nt facts and papers, and the Council may forthwith direct the p ublicati on thereof.The Coun cil shall en deavour

41、 to effect a settleme nt of the dis pu te, and if such efforts are successful, a stateme nt shall be made p ublic givi ng such facts and explan ati ons regard ing the dis pute and the terms of settleme nt thereof as the Council may deem approp riate.If the dis pute is not thus settled, the Council e

42、ither unanim ously or by a majority vote shall make and p ublish a report containing a stateme nt of the facts of the dis pute and the recomme ndati ons which are deemed just and proper in regard thereto.Any Member of the League rep rese nted on the Council may make p ublic a stateme nt of the facts

43、 of the dis pute and of its con clusi ons regard ing the same.If a report by the Council is unanim ously agreed to by the members thereof other tha n the Rep rese ntatives of one or more of the p arties to the dis pu te, the Members of theLeague agree that they will n ot go to war with any party to

44、the dis pute which comp lies with the recomme ndati ons of the report.If the Council fails to reach a report which is unanim ously agreed to by the members thereof, other tha n the Rep rese ntatives of one or more of the p arties to the dis pu te, theMembers of the League reserve to themselves the r

45、ight to take such acti on as they shall con sider n ecessary for the maintenance of right and justice.If the dis pute betwee n the p arties is claimed by one of them, and is found by theCoun cil, to arise out of a matter which by intern atio nal law is solely with in the domestic jurisdict ion of th

46、at p arty, the Council shall so rep ort, and shall make no recomme ndati on as to its settleme nt.The Coun cil may in any case un der this Article refer the dis pute to the Assembly. The dis pute shall be so referred at the request of either party to the dis pu te, p rovided that suchArticle 12reque

47、st be made with in fourtee n days after the submissi on of the dis pute to the Coun cil.In any case referred to the Assembly, all the p rovisi ons of this Article and of relat ing to the action and po wers of the Council shall apply to the action and po wers of theAssembly, p rovided that a report m

48、ade by the Assembly, if con curred in by theRep rese ntatives of those Members of the League rep rese nted on the Coun cil and of a majority of the other Members of the League, exclusive in each case of theRep rese ntatives of the p arties to the dis pu te, shall have the same force as a report by t

49、heCoun cil con curred in by all the members thereof other tha n the Rep rese ntatives of one or more of the p arties to the dis pute.ARTICLE 16.Should any Member of the League resort to war in disregard of its cove nants un derArticles 12 , 13 or 15, it shall ipso facto be deemed to have committed a

50、n act of war aga inst all other Members of the League, which hereby un dertake immediately to subject it to the severa nee of all trade or finan cial relati ons, the p rohibiti on of all in tercourse betwee n their n ati on als and the n atio nals of the cove nan t-break ing State, and the p reve nt

51、i on of all finan cial, commercial or personal in tercourse betwee n the n ati on als of the cove nan t-break ing State and the n atio nals of any other State, whether a Member of the League or not.It shall be the duty of the Council in such case to recomme nd to the severalGover nments concerned wh

52、at effective military, n aval or air force the Members of theLeague shall severally con tribute to the armed forces to be used to p rotect the cove nants of the League.The Members of the League agree, further, that they will mutually support one ano ther in the finan cial and econo mic measures whic

53、h are take n un der this Article, in order to mini mise the loss and inconvenience result ing from the above measures, and that they will mutually support one ano ther in resisti ng any sp ecial measures aimed at one of their nu mber by the cove nan t-break ing State, and that they will take the n e

54、cessary ste ps to afford p assage through their territory to the forces of any of the Members of the League which are co-op erati ng to p rotect the cove nants of the League.Any Member of the League which has violated any cove nant of the League may be declared to be no Ion ger a Member of the Leagu

55、e by a vote of the Council con curred in by the Rep rese ntatives of all the other Members of the League rep rese nted there on.ARTICLE 17.In the eve nt of a dis pute betwee n a Member of the League and a State which is not aMember of the League, or betwee n States not Members of the League, the Sta

56、te orStates not Members of the League shall be in vited to acce pt the obligati ons of membersh ip in the League for the purpo ses of such dis pu te, upon such con diti ons as theCoun cil may deem just. If such in vitati on is acce pted, the p rovisi ons of Articles 12 to 16 in clusive shall be app

57、lied with such modificati ons as may be deemed n ecessary by theCoun cil.Upon such in vitati on being give n the Council shall immediately in stitute an inquiry into the circumsta nces of the dis pute and recomme nd such action as may seem best and most effectual in the circumsta nces.If a State so

58、in vited shall refuse to acce pt the obligati ons of membersh ip in theLeague for the purp oses of such dis pu te, and shall resort to war aga inst a Member of theLeague, the provisions of Article 16 shall be applicable as against the State taking such actio n.If both p arties to the dis pute whe n

59、so in vited refuse to acce pt the obligati ons of membersh ip in the League for the purpo ses of such dis pu te, the Council may take such measures and make such recomme ndati ons as will prevent hostilities and will result in the settleme nt of the dis pute.ARTICLE 18.Every treaty or intern ati onal en gageme nt en tered into hereafter by any Mem