西方文化导论 考试复习

1、西方文化导论 选择题10道 填空题10道 概念题4道 问答题2道（课后题） 一、概念题 1. Da Vinci Leonardo di ser Piero Da Vinci was an Italian Renaissance polymath: painter, sculptor, architect, musician, scientist, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, geologist, cartographer, botanist and writer. Leonardo has often been described

2、 as the archetype of the Renaissance Man, a man of %unquenchable curiosity and everishly inventive imagination. He is widely considered to be one of the greatest painters of all time and perhaps the most diversely talented person ever to have lived. According to art historian Helen Gardner, the scop

3、e and depth of his interests were without precedent and his mind and personality seem to us superhuman, the man himself mysterious and remote. Marco Rosci points out, however, that while there is much speculation about Leonardo, his vision of the world is essentially logical rather than mysterious,

4、and that the empirical methods he employed were 7 / 1unusual for his time. 2. Shakespeare William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the worlds pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called Englands national poet and the Bar

5、d of Avon. His surviving works, including some collaborations, consist of about 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and several other poems. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright. 3. black humor Th

6、e definition of black humor is problematic; it has been argued that it corresponds to the earlier concept of gallows humor; and that, as humor has been defined since Freud as a comedic act that anesthetizes an emotion, all humor is lack humor, and that there is no such thing as on-black humor. 二、填空题

7、 1. Pindar is best known for his odes celebrating the victories at the athletic games, such as the 14 Olympic odes. 2. The three great tragic dramatists of ancient Greece are Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. 3. Aeschylus wrote such plays as Prometheus Bound, Persians and 7 / 2Agamemnon. 4. Eurip

8、ides（欧里庇得斯） wrote mainly about women in such plays as Andromache, Medea, and Trojan Women. 5. Comedy also flourished in the 5th century B. C. Its best writer was Aristophanes, who has left eleven plays, including Frogs, Clouds, Wasps and Birds. 6. Euripides _ is the first writer of problem plays. 7.

9、 Herodotus（希罗多德） is often called “Father of History”. He wrote about the wars between Greeks and Persians. 8. Thucydides（修西得底斯） described the war between Athens and Sparta and between Athens and Syracuse, a Greek state on the Island of Sicily. 9. Pythagoras（毕达哥拉斯） was a bold thinker who had the idea

10、 that all things were numbers. 10. Pythagoras was the founder of scientific mathematics. 11. She-wolf is the statue which illustrates the legend of creation of Roman. 12. The dividing range in the Roman history refers to 27 B.C. 13. “I came, I saw, I conquered.” is said by Julius Caesar. 14. Jesus w

11、ent with his disciples to Jerusalem for the Passover, but was betrayed by Judas. 15. In 313 the Edict of Milan(米兰敕令) was issued by 7 / 3Constantine I and granted religious freedom to all and made Christianity legal. 16. In 392 A.D, Emperor Theodosius made Christianity the official religions of the e

12、mpire and outlawed all other religions. 17. Charlemagne, who temporarily restored order in western and central Europe, was perhaps the most important figure of the medieval period. 18. Charlemagne was crowed “Emperor of the Romans” by the Pope in 800. 19. The Summa Theologica（ 神学大全） by St. Thomas Aq

13、uinas （forms an enormous system and sums up all the knowledge of medieval theology. 20. In 18th-century England, two writers must be mentioned as far as the periodical essay is concerned: Addison and Steele. 21. Both Addison and Steele contributed to The Tatler and The Spectator, two series of perio

14、dical essays. 22. In 1492 the Moors（摩尔人） that had ruled Spain for four centuries were driven out from their last stronghold. 23. In 1492 Columbus discovered American and claimed America for Spain. 24. The most important contributions to the musical world by 7 / 4Beethoven were in those musical forms

15、 associated with the growth of the sonata). 25. Swan Lake was composed by Tchaikovsky. 三、选择题 1. Where did the Renaissance start with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture? A. in Greece and Rome B. in Florence and Venice C. in Milan and Florence D. in Italy and Germany 2. When did th

16、e Renaissance reach its height with its center moving to Milan, then to Rome, and created High Renaissance? A. in the 11th century B. in the 15th century th C. in the 16 century D. in the 17th century 3. Which of the following works is written by Boccaccio? A. Decameron B. Canzoniers C. David D. Mos

17、es 4. Which of the following High Renaissance artists is the father of the modern mode of painting? A. Raphael B. Titian C. da Vinci D. Michelangelo 5. Which of the following High Renaissance artists was best known for his Madonna (Virgin Mary)? A. Titian B. da Vinci C. Michelangelo D. Raphael 7 / 5

18、6. Who took up the translation of the Bible into English for the first time? A. Jan Hus B. John Wyliff C. Martin Luther D. John Calvin 9. Who is the author Institutes of the Christian Religion? A. John Wycliff B. Jan Hus C. John Calvin D. Erasmus 10. By which year the Moslems had taken over the last Christian stronghold and won the crusades and ruled all the territory in Palestine that the crusaders had fought to control? A. 1270 B. 1254 C. 1096 D. 1291 11. Which of the following was crowned “Emperor of the Romans” by the Pope