Unit 1 The world of our sense语言点二

1、Unit 1 The world of our sense语言点（二） 目标认知 重点词汇 reduce，volunteer，sniff，recognize，puzzle，attach，whisper，possibility，experiment change, data, add, link, jewellery, attract, panic, likely, type, fit, risk, wound, distance, avoid, advice, frighten, 重点短语 contrary to, give up，result in 重点句型 引导从句的as. whether

2、/if however 知识讲解 重点词汇 reduce 【原句回放】Pleasant smells reduced pain?(P9) 芳香的气味儿能减少疼痛。 【点拨】reduce vt. 减轻，减少 (1)缩减(体积、尺寸等)；减少；降低 常用结构： reduce by 减少了 reduce to 减少到 Try to reduce the amount of fat in your diet 要尽量减少饮食中的脂肪。 The workforce will be reduced by around 30 percent 劳动力将缩减大约30%。 The number of employe

3、es in the company has been reduced to 35 这家公司的雇员已经减少到了35人。 (2)使陷入某种状态或状况中 Overwork has reduced him to a physical wreck 过度劳累损害了他的健康。 The fire reduced the house to ashes 这场火灾把那所房子化为灰烬。 知识拓展 reduction n降低，减小，缩小，降价 reductive adj.简化的，缩减的 volunteer 【原句回放】During the experiment, volunteers were asked to sni

4、ff various pleasant smells and unpleasant smells.(P9) 在这个实验中，志愿者们要求闻各种好的和不好的味道。 【点拨】volunteer n. 志愿者 v. 自愿做；义务做；无偿做 常用搭配 页 1 第volunteer to do sth自愿做某事 volunteer for sth自愿做某事 volunteer sth自愿做某事；主动提供某物 Are there any volunteers for the event? 对那件事情有没有自愿要帮忙的人? They volunteered to repair the house for th

5、e old lady. 他们主动替老太太修缮了房子。 He volunteered for the speech他自愿参加这次演讲。 He volunteered his services as a driver他自愿服务充当司机。 They were volunteers to run the Christmas Show他们自愿组织这次圣诞节表演。 He volunteered information to us他主动向我们提出忠告提供信息 【拓展】voluntary adj. 自愿的，自动的，主动的 voluntary work 志愿工作 sniff 【原句回放】During the e

6、xperiment, volunteers were asked to sniff various pleasant smells and unpleasant smells.(P9) 在这个实验中，志愿者们要求闻各种好的和不好的味道。 【点拨】sniff n. & v. (1)n. C用鼻子吸气(声) You can go out to get a sniff of sea air 你可以出去呼吸一下海上的空气。 One sniff of this is enough to kill you 此物一闻即足以致命。 (2)vt. & vi. 用鼻子吸气，抽鼻子；对嗤之以鼻；闻；嗅 Amanda

7、 sniffed and wiped her nose 阿曼达抽了抽鼻子，然后又抹了一下。 He sniffed the vapour up through his nose 他用鼻子吸入蒸汽。 Critics tend to sniff at his music 评论家们对他的音乐嗤之以鼻。 知识拓展 sniff at sth对嗤之以鼻 sniff sbout发现某人，找出某人 sniff out嗅出；闻出 sniff about四处闻闻 recognize 【原句回放】Scientists used to believe that mothers recognized their chil

8、dren by sight only.(P9) 【点拨】recognize vt. 原来科学家们认为妈妈只靠视觉辨认自己的孩子。 (1)认出，辨别出，识别 I recognized my old friend at once我立刻认出了我的老朋友。 Do you recognize his handwriting?你认识他的笔迹吗? (2)承认(事实)；认识到 搭配 recognize + sb.sth. + to be.承认某人某物是 recognize + sb.sth. as. 承认某人某物是 They recognized him to be a great leader 页 2 第=

9、They recognized him as a great leader =They recognized that he was a great leader 他们承认他是位伟大的领袖。 We recognized that we had to overcome many difficulties 我们认识到我们必须克服许多困难。 puzzle 【原句回放】However, why pleasant smells do not reduce pain in men remains a puzzle for scientists. 然而，科学家们对为什么不好的气味儿不能减轻男人的疼痛仍然是个

10、迷。 【点拨】puzzle v. (使)迷惑；(使)为难；(使)苦思 n. 智力测试题；难题；令人费解的事(或人) 常用搭配： puzzle out苦苦思索而弄清楚或解决 puzzle aboutover sth对某事苦苦思索(以便理解) puzzle ones brains aboutover sth为某事大伤脑筋 be in a puzzle about sth对某事迷惑不解 jigsaw puzzle拼图玩具 crossword puzzle纵横填字游戏 What he did puzzled me greatly. 他的作为使我深感迷惑不解。 Ive been puzzling ove

11、r all the figures，trying to find what happened to the missing money 我苦苦思索着所有那些数字，想要找出那笔不见的钱是怎么回事。 Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me 对于他们为什么要做此事我仍莫名其妙。 【拓展】 puzzled adj. 感到困惑的（表示人的感觉） puzzling adj. 令人费解的（表示事物性质） She listened with a puzzled expression on her face. 她脸上带著困惑的表情在倾听。 The sp

12、elling of English is often puzzling. 英语的拼写常常使人伤脑筋。 attach 【原句回放】During the operation, Mr. Liu had a new hand attached.(P16) 在这个手术中，刘先生有个新助手。 【点拨】attach v. (1)to fasten or to join(one thing to another)附上，贴上，系上 搭配 attach sthto sth把某物固定(附)在某物上 She attached a stamp to the envelope她在信封上贴上一枚邮票。 (2)to cons

13、ider to have认为有(重要性、责任等) 搭配 Do you attach any importance to what he said? 你认为他说的话重要吗? (3)to join(oneself to)参加 搭配 attach oneself to sth.sb依附某物某人 He attached himself to the expedition他参加了探险队。 He attached himself to me at the party and I couldnt get rid of him 页 3 第在聚会上他老是缠着我，我简直无法摆脱他。 (4)to go with，t

14、o be joined(to)伴随，(与)相联系 搭配 attach to sb.sth. 与某人某物有关联(联系) No blame attaches to him他无可责备之处。 whisper 【原句回放】 My goodness, Sandy whispered, as(P17)我的天啊Sandy 耳语道，当 【点拨】whisper v. & n. (1)v.悄声说，低语，耳语 Dont you know its rude to whisper? 你难道不知道窃窃私语是不礼貌的吗? He whispered a word in my ear他对我附耳说了一句话。 (2)n. C低语，耳

15、语 “They are coming，”he said in an excited whisper “他们就要来了，”他压低声音激动地说。 (3)n. C传闻，谣言 Ive heard a whisper that hes going to resign 我听到一个传闻，说他打算辞职。 拓展 whisper(sth.) to sb低声对某人说(某事) whisper sth. in ones ear附耳跟某人说某事 in whispersa whisper低语，耳语 It iswas whispered that. 有人私下说 possibility 【原句回放】The possibility

16、 that pleasant smells might reduce pain has recently been suggested by new research令人愉快的气味可能减少痛苦的可能性最近已被新的研究所提议。 【点拨】 possibility的用法小结 (1)possibility作不可数名词，意为“可能性、可实现性”，其后常跟of，意为“的可能性”，或that引导的同位语从句。 (2)作可数名词，意为“可能发生的事，可能有的事，可能想象的事”。 (3)常用复数形式，意为“发展的潜力、希望”。 the possibility of successrain 成功下雨的可能性 Is

17、 there any possibility that he will be elected chairman? 他有被选为主席的可能吗？ I see great possibilities in this project 我认为这个项目有很大的发展潜力。 experiment 【原句回放】During the experiment-volunteers were asked to sniff various pleasant smells and unpleasant smells在这次实验期间，要求志愿者闻各种好闻和不好闻的气味。 【点拨】 experiment n. 实验，试验 拓展 d

18、ocarry outconductperform an experiment做实验 辨析trial，experiment和test 页 4 第它们都含有“证明、发现某事物的过程或方式”的意思。但用法上有一些区别： (1)trial指对人或物进行试验以确定其效果或价值等。 (2)experiment指为研究某事物的发生或为获得新知识而进行仔细实验的过程。 (3)test指通过试验、检查、使用、比较等就其是否正确、合格等方面作出决定。 Youll succeed by trial and error 经过反复试验和错误你会成功的。 Experiments indicate the new drug

19、 will cure infections 实验证明这种新药可以治疗传染病。 The new machine passed all tests 这台新机器通过了所有的检验。 友情提示 trial侧重最终检验性的试验；experiment侧重反复研究过程中的实验；test侧重检查、评定。 change 【原句回放】Now，the study has proved that for women，pleasant smells reduce painFor men，there is almost no change现在，研究证明，对女士来说，好闻的气味可以减少痛苦，对于男士来说，几乎没有什么变化。

20、【点拨】 change v. 变化，改变，兑换，换来 n. 变化，零钱 Half of all college students change their major at some point. 一半的大学生在某个阶段会换专业。 He handed me a $10 bill and said “Keep the change.” 他递给我一张10美元的钞票，说：“不用找了。” 思维拓展 change into变成 change.to. 把变成 change over使变换，调换 change.for.用换 change colour变色 change hands易手；转手 change h

21、orses换班子 change ones mind改变主意 data 【原句回放】He says that scientists have already collected data from 40 volunteers他说科学家已收集了来自40位志愿者的资料。 资料，材料，(电脑的)数据【点拨】data n 注意：data可以是不可数名词，也可以是复数形式（单数为datum） gather data搜集资料 The data is/are still being analysed 那份/那些资料仍在分析中。 An active reader looks at each part of th

22、e graph before trying to interpret the data. 主动的阅读者会看图表的每一部分后，才设法诠释数据。 add 【原句回放】He adds that this year，scientists will test another 60 volunteers and will be in a better position to analyze the results他补充说，今年科学家们将试验另外60位志愿者，并将在更好的位置来分析这种结果。 页 5 第【点拨】add vt. & vi. 加、增加、添加、继续说 Would you please add th

23、ese names on (to your list)? 请(在你的名单上)加上这些名字好吗? She added that this was a good thing，too 她又补上一句，这也是一件好事。 常用搭配： 1. add.to.把加到上去 Will you add more sugar to your coffee？ 你的咖啡要多加些糖吗？ 2. add to(=increase)增添 The bad weather added to our difficulties. 坏天气增加了我们的困难。 3. add up 加起来，合计 (up为副词，如果代词作宾语，应放在up之前) H

24、e is now adding up the bill. 他正在算帐单。 4. add up to 总和是 (to为介词，常接表示数字总和的词，不用于被动语态) The cost of the two trips added up to 3，000 dollars. 两次旅行的费用加起来达3000美元。 【拓展】addition n. 增加（的人或物），添加；增强；加法 link 【原句回放】One explanation is that womens sense of smell is better developed than that of men，and is linked to re

25、cognizing the smell of babies 一种解释是：女性的嗅觉比男性的得到了更好的开发，且与识别婴儿的体味有关。 【点拨】link v. 连接，联系；用环连接 n. 一环；连接物 常用结构： link A with Blink A and B将A和B连接联系起来 link up(with sb.sth.)(与)连接，结合 athe missing link所缺的一环 These two accidents are closely linked together 这两件意外事故有密切的联系。 We link up with the company 我们与这个公司携手合作。 T

26、elevision stations around me world are linked by satellite 全世界的电视台通过卫星联系在一起。 jewellery 【原句回放】Do not wear bright clothing or jewellery, because sharks are attracted to the flash of coulors and bright objects.(P18) 不要穿带鲜艳颜色的衣服和首饰，因为鲨鱼会被那些颜色的光所吸引。 【点拨】jewellery(美jewelry) n. U珠宝(总称) a piece of jewellery

27、一件珠宝 Shes got some lovely pieces of jewellery 她有几款漂亮的珠宝首饰。 I dont wear very much jewellery我不大戴首饰。 【拓展】jewel 宝石，珠宝（可数名词）；被珍视的东西或人 valuable jewels值钱的珠宝 His wife is a jewel 他的妻子是他所珍爱的人。 页 6 第attract 【原句回放】Do not wear bright clothing or jewellery, because sharks are attracted to the flash of coulors and

28、 bright objects.(P18) 不要穿带鲜艳颜色的衣服和首饰，因为鲨鱼会被那些颜色的光所吸引。 【点拨】attract vt(以魅力等)吸引(人)，引诱；引起(注意、关心)；(物理的性质)吸引住 常用搭配：attract to 吸引到 The concert attracted a great number of people 那场音乐会吸引了许多人。 What do you think attracts people to big cities? 你认为把人吸引到大城市的原因是什么? Magnets attract iron磁石吸引铁。 【拓展】attraction n. 魅力，

29、吸引人之物；吸引(力) attractive adj. 有魅力的，吸引人的，引人注目的 Pop music have great attraction for me. 流行音乐对我很有吸引力。 Can you tell them some famous tourist attractions in Beijing? 你们能够告诉他们北京一些有名的旅游景点吗? panic 【原句回放】Dont be panic.(P18) 别害怕。 【点拨】panic n& v. (1)nC，U恐慌，惊慌失措；大恐慌 Panic spread quickly through the capital city 恐

30、慌在整个首都迅速蔓延开来。 People are fleeing the area in panic 人们正惊慌失措地逃离该地区。 News of the incident caused a panic in the town 关于这个事件的消息使城里人心惶惶。 (2)vi. & vt. 感到惶恐；使感到惶恐（现在分词panicking，过去式和过去分词 panicked） 常用搭配：panic sb. into doing sth. 使某人(因惊惶)仓促做(蠢事) We were told not to panic 我们被告知不要惊慌失措。 We are not panicked by ye

31、sterdays result 我们没有被昨天的结果吓倒。 Shoppers are panicked into buying things they dont need 购物者因恐慌抢购一些他们并不需要的东西。 likely 【原句回放】 you are 30 times more likely to be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark. 被闪电击中的几率要比遭受鲨鱼攻击的几率大30倍。(P18) 【点拨】likely adj. 可能的，有希望的（可能性较大） 常用结构： sb./sth. +be likely to do sth某

32、人/物可能做某事 Its likely that. 可能 Mary is likely to come late玛丽有可能要晚来。 It is likely to rain看来要下雨了。 页 7 第It is likely that shell win the match她有可能赢得这场比赛。 【拓展】辨析：probable，possible与likely 小结： 1. 三词中，只有likely在作表语时，主语可以是人或物；另两个词只能用物作主语或用it作形式主语。 2. probable的语气最强，likely的语气次之，possible的语气最弱。 3. 句型的不同： 1）probable

33、：Its probable that. 2）possible：Its possible for sb to do sth ；Its possible that. Its probable that he can finish the work 他很可能能够完成工作。 It is possible that it will happen at any time 很可能它会在任何时候发生。 It is possible for him to do this. 他有可能做这件事。 但是：He is likely to come他很可能会来。 = It is likely that he will c

34、ome employ 【原句回放】, pigeons were employed by armies to (P19) 鸽子被军队用于 【点拨】employ vt. (1)to give work to do usually for payment雇用 They employ fifty men in their factory 他们在工厂里雇用了50个人。 (2)to make use of使用 He employed statistical methods in his work 他在工作中使用了统计方法。 辨析employ，hire 1）employ指商店、公司等团体长期雇用别人，也可指

35、私人雇用。使用范围广，较正式。 Millions of young women are employed in various industries 数以百万计的青年妇女在各行各业中工作。 2）hire指短期的“雇用”，临时或一次性“雇用，租用”。 During the holidays，they hired a boat and went fishing 假期中，他们租了一条船去钓鱼了。 单词积累 employee n. 受雇者 employer n. 雇主 employment n. 雇用，就业 employable adj. 可使用的，可雇用的 助记 -er(-or)是动作的发出者、执行

36、者，-ee是动作的承受者。 interviewer面试者，采访者 interviewee被面试者，被采访者 examiner监考人 examinee考生 type 【原句回放】There are nearly 400 different types of sharks，but only about 30 types are known to have attacked human beings将近有400种不同种类的鲨鱼,但据知仅有大约30种鲨鱼攻击过人类。 页 8 第【点拨】type n. & v. (1)n. C，U种，类，类型；具有特点的人；印刷字体，字符 What type of do

37、g have you got? 你有什么样的狗? Its a good price for a bike of this type 就这种自行车来说，这价格是不错的。 Im not really a sporty type 我这个人谈不上喜欢运动。 The book is produced in large type and on thick paper 这本书字大，纸张又厚。 (2)vt. & vi. 打(字)；找出的类型，给分类 常用结构：type in / into sth. 键入，输入/把键入(输入) I didnt know you could type我不知道你会打字。 This

38、test helps in typing the organism that causes the disease 这一试验有助于给导致这种疾病的微生物分类。 【拓展】辨析：kind，type与sort 1. kind指性质相同,且有极相似之物质,在分类中可作为一类者. What kind of cake do you like best? 你最喜欢哪一种饼? 2. sort 可与kind互换使用,但较为含混,有时只表示大概此种而已。对物体进行分类时，常用kind表示大类，用sort表示大类中的小类。 He makes friends with all sorts of people.他同各种

39、各样的人交朋友。 3. type指型号，类型，典型，比较具体；而kind比较笼统，模糊。 Mens blood can be divided into several types. 人的血型可分成好几种。 Men of his type are not to be trusted. 像他那种类型的人不可信赖。 fit 【原句回放】. the shark pushes you with its nose to find out if you are fit to be eaten.鲨鱼首先用鼻子推搡你，以探明你是不是适合作为食物 【点拨】 1. fit adj. 健康的；适合的 常用搭配：be

40、fit to do. 适合做 be fit for. 适合(有“适宜、称职”的含义) The weather is not fit to go out这种天气不宜外出。 Is he fit for the job? 他适合做这个工作吗? Keep fit，study hard and work well 保持健康，努力学习，好好工作。 2. fit vt. 使适合；装配 常用搭配：fit(sb.)合适(多指衣服尺寸、大小适合某人) This coat doesnt fit meits so big 这件上衣不适合我穿太大了。 Your clothes fit well你的衣服很合身。 Mr.

41、Unwin fitted a new lock on the door 安文先生在门上配了一把新锁。 risk 【原句回放】To reduce the risk of a shark attack, you should follow these suggestions 页 9 第为了减少鲨鱼攻击的几率，你应该谨遵以下建议。 【点拨】risk的用法 1. n. 冒险(性)；风险 常用搭配：take a risk of doing sth 冒险做某事 take / run a risk to do sth. 冒险去做某事 at all risks 无论冒什么风险 at the risk of.

42、冒风险 There is no risk of being fined if you observe rules 如果你遵守规则，就不会有被罚的危险。 He plunged into the water at the risk of his life 他冒着生命危险跳入水中。 There is no risk in doing it 做这件事根本不存在风险。 2. vt冒险 常用搭配：risk + n. / v. -ing形式 He risked his life in fighting against the flood to save the old and the young 为了抢救老

43、人和儿童，他冒着生命危险与洪水搏斗。 He didnt want to risk getting wet as he had only one suit 他只有一套衣服，因此他不敢把它弄湿了。 wound 【原句回放】Do not go swimming in the ocean if you have a fresh wound如果你身上有尚未愈合的新伤口时,不要下海游泳。 【点拨】wound n. 伤口，(心灵上的)创伤（多指肉体上的严重的外伤，如刀伤、枪伤等） vt. 使受伤（宾语是人，而不是受伤的部位） He got wounded in action. 他在战斗中受伤。 The bu

44、llet wounded him in the shoulder. 子弹伤了他的肩膀。 His brother got wounded in the battle 他的弟弟在战斗中受了伤。 【拓展1】wounded adj. 受伤的 the wounded n. 全部伤员 The wounded were sent to the hospital. 所有伤员都被送进了医院。 【拓展2】同义词：hurt，injure，harm 1. 1）hurt指“使人的肉体受伤而疼痛”，或“伤了人的自尊心或感情”。 Xiao Li hurt herself when she fell down the sta

45、irs. 小李从楼梯摔下来，跌伤了。 Thatll hurt her feeling. 那会伤他的感情。 2）hurt常用作不及物动词,表示“痛”的意思。 My leg still hurts. 我的腿还在疼。 2. injure一般指由于意外或事故造成的损伤，暗示受伤部位的功能受到影响，而hurt的结果不一定影响机能的发挥。 Tom injured his leg in a skating accident. 汤姆在一次滑水事故中伤了腿。 Many tourists were injured in the accident 许多游客在那次事故中受伤了。 3. harm一般指伤害有生命的东西，

46、常指伤及一个人的健康、权利等。 Smoking seriously harmed his health 页 10 第吸烟严重损害了他的健康。 distance 【原句回放】Sharks can smell blood over a long distance即使隔着很远的距离，鲨鱼仍能嗅到血腥味。 【点拨】distance n. (1)C，U距离，间距 Its important to consider distance from public transport when buying a house 购房时考虑居住地与公共交通系统的距离是很重要的。 They started to walk

47、 the short distance to the camp 他们踏上了到营地的那一小段路。 (2)U差距，不同；疏远；不友好，冷淡；进展 The distance has never been a problem for our relationship 这种差距从来不会对我们的关系构成什么问题。 It was his distance towards me that was so upsetting 他对我很冷淡，这才真正令人心烦。 Theres still some distance to go仍有一些事要做。 常用结构： at a distance在远处，隔开一段距离 from a

48、distance从远处 keep ones distance保持距离 within hearing distance在能听到的地方 keep sb. at a distance冷落某人 at a distance of在距离以外 in the distance在远处 【拓展】distant adj. 在远处的 distantly adv. 在远处 avoid 【原句回放】Stay in groups，as sharks usually avoid large numbers of people结伴出游，因为鲨鱼通常会避开人群。 【点拨】avoid vt. 逃避，避开，避免，回避 Fortuna

49、tely，we were able to avoid an accident 我们幸而逃过了一场事故。 I tried to avoid meeting him because he always bored me 我尽量避免遇到他，因为他总是使我厌烦。 To avoid the city centre，we may turn right here and take the belt highway 从这里往右拐走环行道可以避开闹市中心。 知识拓展avoidable adj可避免的，可防止的 avoidance n避免，避开，逃避 辨析avoid与escape avoid原意是“使扑空”，所以

50、指“在之前有意避开”； escape原意是“out of being caught”，指“从中逃脱、逃离”，以免受影响。 You may avoid all known sources of contagion，yet not easily escape infection 你可以避开所有已知的接触传染病源，却难以摆脱非接触传染。 advice 页 11 第【原句回放】If a shark attacks you，follow the advice below如果遭到鲨鱼袭击，请遵循以下建议。 【点拨】advice n. U 劝告，忠告，建议（不可数名词） 常用搭配：a piece/word

51、of advice 一条建议 give advice to sb.提建议 ask sb. for adviceask ones advice 征求某人建议 followtake sb.s advice 听从建议、劝告 advice on/about. 有关的建议 Can you give me some advice on baby care? 你能给我一些关于婴儿护理方面的忠告吗? 【拓展】advise v. 建议，商量；（商务）通知 常用搭配： advise doing sth. 建议做某事 advise sh. (not) to do sth建议某人（不）做某事 advise sb. a

52、gainst doing sth建议某人不做某事 The doctor advised him not to smoke/against smoking 医生建议他不要抽烟。 frighten 【原句回放】Dont be frightened by sharks：you are 30 times more likely to be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark不要惧怕鲨鱼：被闪电击中的几率要比遭受鲨鱼攻击的几率大30倍。 【点拨】frighten vt. 使惊惧，使害怕(常用被动语态) 常用搭配： frighten sbinto do

53、ing sth吓得某人做某事 frighten sbout of doing sth吓得某人不做某事 The sudden noise frightened us. 那突如其来的噪音吓了我们一跳。 The little girl was frightened by the big dog小女孩被大狗吓坏了。 The explosion frightened him爆炸使他惊恐。 【拓展】辨析：frightening与frightened 1. frightening 令人害怕的 （指事物本身具有使人害怕的性质） the frightening story吓人的故事 2. frightened

54、受到惊吓的，感到害怕的（人或动物对其他事物作出的反应） a frightened girl 受惊吓的女孩。 That was a frightening experience那是一次可怕的经历。 From the frightened look on her face，I guess she saw something unusual 从她脸上恐怖的表情看，我猜她看见了异常的东西。 常用搭配： be frightened at听看到吓一跳 be frightened awayoff被吓跑 be frightened of.害怕 重点短语 contrary to 【原句回放】Country to what many people might assume, evidence shows that sharks seldom attack humans. 和人们所推测的相反，有证据证明鲨鱼很少袭击人类。 页 12 第【点拨】contrary to 与相反（的），违反； Contrary to what you might think，that means the temperature is lowest after dawn 与你可能认为的正好相反，那意味着温度在黎明后是最低的。 Contrary to expectat