专题七情态动词和虚拟语气

1、专题七情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词的考查要点1. can, be able to 和 could(1) can和be able to都表示水平，意思上没多大区别。但can只有现在和过去时，而be able to则有更多的形式。但当成功地完成某一具体动作时，通常不用could而用was/were able to 来表示。这时was/were able to相当于managed to,表示经过一番努力，终于能够完成某事。Her mother can speak FrenchThe wounded man was still able to get to the village and was sav

2、ed by the villagers in the end.(2) 表示猜测“可能”，一般用于疑问句和否雄句。an the news be true?It can t be trueSomeone is knockine at the door.Who could it be?(3) can能够表示理论上的可能性，指常有的行为或情形，意为“有时会”。Anybody can make mistakes(4) 表示请求、允许(表请求时，口语中常用could代替can使语气更委婉，回答时用can)。Can I go now? ould I come to sec you tomorrow?Yes,

3、 you can.(否定答语可用 No, F m afraid not.)(5) 表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度(主要用于否左句、疑问句或感叹句中)。How can that be tme? I can t believe my eyes and cars.How could you be so careless? !(6) can的特殊用法。can but只有；can * t but不得不；can* t.too再怎样也不为过，越越好I can but wail.lean t but waitYou can t be too patient to the customers陋组训练1用cam c

4、ould, be able to的适当形式填空1. Though the building was on fire, they were able to go out safely.2. It can t be the postman at the door. It? s only six o clock3. How? s your new babysitter?We could not ask for a better one All our kids love her so much.4. The police still haven * t found the lost child bu

5、t they1 re doing all they 迦.5. You can i be too careful when driving.2. may和might的用法(1) 表示允许、谙求，might比may的语言更委婉一些。May I watch TV now?Yes, you may.(Yes, please.)No, you niustn? t.(No, you d better not.)(2) 表示可能性时，might比may的可能性小，may表示的可能性比can小(主要用于陈 述句、肯定或否定句，疑问句用can代替)。The story may not be true(3) 表示

6、祝愿(不用might)May you succeed!(4) may/might as well 最好还是，不妨You might as well do it now.(5) may/might well 很可能He may well be late for class.曲组训练2用may, might的适当形式填空1 一I don I really like James. Why did you invite him?Don t worry. He mighl/ma、r not come He said he wasn t certain what his plans were2. I le

7、ft my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone might have stolen it.3. As a student, you might/mav as well make good use of your time4. You may go to school either by bike or by bus.5. May she rest in peace3. must, have

8、to 和 ought to 的用法(1) must表示“必须，应该，一泄要”。强调主观看法，只有现在时形式，否泄式是must not(mustn, t)o must开头的问句,其否泄回答要用needn* t或don t have to代替。(2) must表示必然的结果。All men must die.(3) must还可表示主语固执、偏要做他人不希望做的事。It can t help； he must do (hat.(4) have to着重客观需要，能用于更多时态(过去时或将来时)。He will have to be there before ten.(5)ought to表示义务和

9、责任，“应该J 比should语气要强。You ought to take care of yourself.4. need和dare的用法(1) need表示“需要，必要”，只能用于否定句和疑问句。在肯定句中，常用must和have to代替。(2) dare表示“敢”,通常用于否左句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。Dare you go home alone at eleven in the evening?(3) necd和dare的特殊用法need表需要”时，可用want, require代替。The desk needs to be repaired ./The desk needs re

10、pairingdare作实义动词时，在肯泄句中要接to,在疑问句和否左句中to可省去。He dares to catch a snakeI do not dare (to) complain.Do you dare (to) swim in the river?陋组训练3】同义句改写1 He daren t go out at night.He docsif t dare to go out at night.2. The flowers need watering.The flowers need to be watered.5will和would的用法(1) will 表示请求、建议，常用

11、于第二人称。Will you please go with me? 表示意愿、决定、允许。I will never do that again. 表示习惯性动作或某种倾向，“总是，惯于”，通常用于第三人称。Rosa will always be late for school.(2) would 表示请求、建议，比Will委婉，指现在时间，多用于第二人称。Would you like a cup of tea? 表示过去习惯性动作或某种倾向。We would play badminton on Sundays6. shall 和 should 的用法(1) shall用于第一、三人称，在问句中

12、表示征求对方意见或请求。Shall I come in?用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示命令或威胁。You shall do as your father says(2) should 表示责任、义务，意为应该”。 表示惊讶语气，意为“竟然”。You should wear slippers in class. 用于条件句，表示“假如，万一”,省去if，should可提至句首。Should you be late, apologize to the teacher.7.情态动词表示推测或判断的用法下表即是表示推测的情态动词使用的场合：情态动词对现在和未来的推测对过去的推测使用场合mustmus

13、t+domust have done肯定句may/mightmay/might+domay/might have done肯建句、否定句can/couldcan/could docan/could have done否左句、疑问句(could可用于肯定句)should用来表示一种估计的情况“按理会/估计会” shouldshould have done肯泄句、否泄句、疑问句情态动词+ have done的用法(l)should have done表示本来应该做某事而实际上未做”,而shouldn? t have done则表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了” OYou should have t

14、old me about it earlier.You shouldn t have said such words to your parents(2)ought to have done 也表示“本应该M ,而 ought not to have done 则意为“本不应该” OYou ought to have told me about it earlie匚You ought not to have said such words to your parentsOJneedif t have done表示“本无必要做某事而实际上做了”。You ncedn t have walked s

15、o quickly since time was enough(4)could have done表示“本来有可能而事实上未做到”。I could have come on time, but my car broke down on the way.(5)may/might have done表示“过去可能发生过某事”或“本来应该或可以做某事(实际 上没做)”。You might have given him more help, but you were so busy. 陋组训练41 I could have helped you(我本来可以帮助你的)，but I was too bus

16、y then2. IV s Sunday. He can t have gone io school(不可能上学去 了).3. You know the story very well. You may/mighl have read it(可能读过)before4. You must have gone io bed late(左是睡得很晚)last night. Your eyes are red.5. I should/ought to have done my homcwork(本应该做作业)last night, but I went to the cinema. 语法填空AOne

17、of the many things we take for granted in the twentieth century is the speedy collection and delivery of letters to and from all parts of the world at astonishing cheap rates.A husband away l.on a business trip can write to his wife two thousand miles away knowing that the letter will reach 2.her in

18、 a few days.His special air-letter may cost him less than 3.a loaf of bread or his own bus fare to work.This service, however is a favor of comparatively recent origin.Until modern times the cost of sending letters privately was so great that the 4.arrival(arrive) of a letter was a considerable even

19、t and might even cost financial hardship to the receiver 5.who/that had to bear the charges.6.From the Middle Ages on, there were indeed special messengers 7.carrying(carry) state correspondence and other messengers employed to travel with news between the great monasteries or the great merchantsf h

20、ouses, but for centuries there was no official post service by which private letters could 8.bc scnt(send). It was not until 1840 9.that the official organization known as the Penny Post 10.was establishcd(establish) in Great Britain and gave ordinary people cheap and efficient postal deliveries.BIt

21、 s important to learn some knowledge about first aid in our daily life.If a person has an accident they need some medical care before a doctor can be found.When 1 .you give first aid, you must pay attention to three things： Firstlywhen a person 2.stops(stop) breathings open their mouth3. to sec(see)

22、 if there is food at the back of their mouth.Secondly,4.if a person cannot breathe, do your best to start their breathing at once, using a mouth-to-mouth way.Thirdly, if a person is hurt badly, try at once to stop the bleeding, then take them 5.to a doctorMany accidents may happen at home, all paren

23、ts should know how to deal with common 6.injuries(injure) which may happen to their childrcn.When a child 7.is bittcn(bite) by an animal. wash the wound with cold runnine water.When a child is burnt wash and cool the area of the skin 8.under the cold tap for a while.9.and then put a piece of dry cle

24、an cloth over the burn.Knowing about some first aid sometimes can save lO.a person s life.虚拟语气的考查要点1. 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句(1) 表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词用 were),而主句中的谓语动词用Mwould/should/could/might+动词原形”。If I were you, I would buy that houseIf he had time he should go with you.(2) 表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中

25、的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语 动词则用 would/should/might/could+have+ii去分词”。If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in passing the examination(3) 表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时或“should/，vere to +动词原形爲 而主句中的谓语动词则用would/should/could/might+动词原形”。If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put of

26、f.(4) 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式 要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。If they had worked hard, they would be very tired now.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在) 陋组训练5】 用所给动词的适当形式填空1 Maybe if I had studied(study) science and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.2. If I had/should have/wcrc to havc(havc) time

27、 next week, I would go to the party.3. If I wcrc(bc) you, I should go and see the dentist at once4. If you had arrived at the station ten minutes earlier you could/should/would/might have caiight(catch) the train.5. If he were you, he wouldn l have misscd(miss) the concert last night.2. 虚拟语气用于名词性从句(

28、1)虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。“vish+宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是就好了”等。表示现在不 能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时：表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语 动词用woiild/could+动词原形；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用had + 过去分词或could/should4-have+ii去分词”。I wish it were spring all the year roundI wish I had known the answer.I wish I could fly like a bird.在表示建议、要求、命令等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动

29、词用“should +动词原形”， should可以省略。常见白勺动词有：suggests advise, propose demand,plan, proposal, suggestion request等，英后的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词用(should)4-动词原形”，should可 以省略。His suggestion that we (should) go to Shanghai is wonderful.My idea is that they (should) pay 100 dollars.(3) 虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用(should

30、+)动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不 相信、理应如此等。It is necessary (important naturaL strange, etc.)that we (should) clean the room every day.It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you (should) be so carelessIt will be desired (suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etcjthat she (should) finish her homewor

31、k this afternoon注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气； 反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感,that从句也可用陈述句语气。It is a pity that you can t swim.曲组训练61用所给词的适当形式填空1. Where are the children? The dinner* s going to be completely ruined.I wish they wereif t(bc, not) always late2. It is requested that Class Two (should) give(give)

32、 a performance at the English evening3. He insisted that a dead 1 ine(should) be set (set) for completing the task4. My suggestion is that we(should) go(go) without delay.5. The doctor has given advice that the patient (should) give up(givc up) smoking3. 虚拟语气在其他场合的运用虚拟语气在as if/as though, even if/eve

33、n though等引导的表语从句或状语从句中，如 果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时：指现在状况，则用一般过去时：指将来状况 则用过去将来时。He did it as if he were an expert.Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem（2）虚拟语气用于定语从句中。这种从句常用于句型“I（is（high）timc（that）.中，泄语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时（be用were）或wshould+动词原形”,意思是“（现在）该It s time that I picked up my daughter.It

34、s high time we were going.（3）虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中。If only I were a pilot.If only I had taken his advice（4）虚拟语气在一些简单句中的运用。 情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语气委婉，常 出现在日常会话中。It would be better for you not to stay up too lateWould you be kind enough to close the door? 用于一些习惯表达法中。Would you like a cup of te

35、a?I would rather not tell you.语法与写作根据提示翻译下而的句子1. 至于我，应该从我上学的路上开始。（should）（2013-安徽书面表达）As for me, it should start on mv way to school.2. 因此，我没能够抽出时间及时给你回复。（couldif t）（2013-Lh东写作）Therefore, I couldn 1 spare enough lime to wrile back to you in lime3. 我真诚地希望你们能给我一次机会，我相信我将会成为一个好主席的。（can）（2013-天津书面表达）I s

36、incerely hope you can give me a chance and I m sure I will be a good picsidcm.4. 再试一次，他们可能得到他们梦想的东西。（may）（2013-北京开放作文）With another try, they may gain what they drcam of.5. 如果你们能立刻采取措施我将不胜感激。（would）（2013-重庆写作二）I would appreciate it greatly if you can take action at once语法填空The ancient China s famous

37、poet Su Shi lived from AD 1037 to 1101.During his life, he created many works.He was perhaps most famous l.for his poems, but he also 2.wrote(write) many essays and was famous in the officialdom.I admire Su Shi 3.because he has made great contributions to the literature and was tough even when facing troubleIn Chinese historyt Su Shi, together 4.with his brother Su Zhe and father Su Xun, were all famous and were called Three Su s.But Su Shi s contribution was the 5.greatest(great) He not only created wonderfulworks, but also did many good things