高考英语-句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习

1、句子成分和句子结构讲解及练句习子成分主语（ subject ） : 句子说明的人或事物。The sun rises in the east.（代词）Twenty years is a short time in history.（ （动名词）To see is to believe.名词）He likes dancing.数词）Seeing is believing.不定式）What he needs is a book.主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. It 形式主 语，主语从句是真正

2、主语） 谓语（ predicate ） : 说明主语的动作、 状态和特征。We study English. 表语（ predicative ） : He is asleep. 系动词之He is a teacher. 后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。代词） （名词）Five and five is ten. 容词）His father is in. 数词） 介词短语）副词）Seventy- four! You donHe is asleep.The picture is ont look it.the wall.My watch is gone / missing / lost.形容词

3、化的分词）To wear a flower is to sayI m poor, I cant buy a ring. （不定式）The question is whether they will come.（常见的系动词有 : be, sound （听起来）起来） , taste （尝, lo、ok（表语从句）起来）,feel （摸起来，看smell （闻吃起来） , remain （保持，仍是） , feel （ It sounds a good idea.Her voice sounds sweet.The food smells delicious. The door remains

4、open.宾语： 1）动作的承受者动宾I like China. （名词） How many do you need? We need two.We should help the old and the poor. 词） I hope to see you again. （语从句）2 ）介词后的名词、代词和动名词Are you afraid of the snake?不定式）rocks.感觉）The sound sounds strange.Tom looks thin.The food tastes good. NowI feel tired.He hates you. （代词）数 词）I

5、 enjoy working with you.Did you write down what he said?动名3 ）双宾语 - 间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）介宾He gave me a book yesterday. 宾补：对宾语的补充， 全称为宾语补足语。Under the snow, thereare many名词）Give the poor man some money.We elected him monitor. come here. （名）We will make them happy. Please make yourself at home. 定 式）We all thin

6、k it a pity that she didn t形容词） We found nobody in. （副词）介词短语）Don t let him do that.（省 to 不His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.带 to 不定式）Don t keep the lights bur ning.（现在分词）I II have my bike repai red. （过去分词） 主补：对主语的补充。He was elected mon itor.She was found si nging in the n ext room

7、.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a less on.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。Ai Yan li ng is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is our frie nd.（代词）We bel ong to the third world.（数词）He was advised to teach the lazy boya lesso n. （形容词）The man over there is my old friend. （畐 U 词）The woman with a baby in her armsis m

8、y sister.（介词）The boys playi ng football are in Class 2.（现在分词）The trees pla n ted last year are grow ing well now.（过去分词）I have an idea to do it well.（不定式）You should do everyth ing that I do.（定语从句）状语：用来修饰 v., adj., adv., or句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。（以下例句按上述顺序排列）I will go there tomorrow. meeti n

9、groom.The meet ing will be held in theThe meat went bad because of the hot weather.En glish well.He studies hard to lear nHe didn t study hard so that he failed in the exam. much.If you study hard, you will pass the exam.I like some of you veryThough he is young, he can do it well.He goes to school

10、by bike.句子结构简单句的五个基本句型主语+不及物动词She came . / My head aches.主语+及物动词+宾语She likes En glish.主语+系动词+主语补语She is happy .主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语She gave Joh n a book .She bought a book for me.主语+宾补动词+宾语+ 宾语补语She makes her mother angryThe teacher asked me to read the passage.（There +beThere lies a book on the desk.）

11、Exercises分析下列句子成分1. Our schoo 慫 not far from my home.2. It is a great pleasure to talkwith you3. All of us con sidered him hon est.4. My gra n dfather bought me apair of sports shoes.5. He broke a piece of glass. leave the6. He made it clear that he wouldcity .8. Tees turn green when spring9. They p

12、ushed the door open. interesting story last night.7. -I love you more than her，childcomes.10. Grandma told me an12.All the students think11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. highly of his teaching 13. We need a place twice larger than this one. 14. English song.18. He asked us to sing

13、 an15. Dont get nervous ， help yourself to what you like more beautiful.17. He didnt come That is why he didnt know She showed us her many of her pictures.16.We will make our school19. The old man lives a lonely life.20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town.21. The cars m

14、ade in Japan are better than those in Germany 22. There are so many people in the hall that its hard for me to find him23. No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month.24. Go back where you came from.25. Wemust do whatever the people wantus to do.26. At last he got home, tir

15、ed and hungry. 27. Would you please pass me the cup?28 Mary handed her homework to the teacher. 29. Do you know the latest news about him?30. I ll get my hair cut tomorrow.翻 译 练 习：主谓结构 （ 主语 不及物动词 ）1 你应当努力学习。 2 她昨天回家很晚。3 那天早上我们谈了很多。 4 会议将持续两个小时。5 在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化6 这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。7 1919 年，在北京爆发

16、了“五 . 四”运动8 每天八时开始上课。10 五年前我住在北京。主谓宾结构 ( 主语 及物动词 宾语1 昨晚我写了一封信。3 这本书他读过多次了。5 你们必须在两周内看完这些书。7 我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。8 Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。9 我们大家都相信 Jack 是一个诚实男孩。10 他不知道说什麽好。主系表结构 ( 主语 系动词表语 )1 我的兄弟都是大学生。3 布朗夫人看起来很健康。5 孩子们，请保持安静。7 她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。9 树叶已经变黄了。主语双宾动词间接宾语直接宾语1 Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。 事。3. Mary 把钱包交给校长了。5. 他把车

17、票给列车员看。7. 我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。 船。双宾语结构9 这个盒子重五公斤。)2 今天下午我想同你谈谈。4 他们成功地完成了计划。6 那位先生能流利地说三种语言2 冬季白天短，夜晚长。4 十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。6 这本书是有关美国历史的书。8 他失业了。10 这个报告听起来很有意思。)2. 奶奶昨 晚给我们讲了 一个有趣 的故4. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？6. 这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。8. Robinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小10. 我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？9. 请你给我弄一本新的，好吗？复合宾语结构主语 动词 宾语 宾语补足语 )1 我们叫她 Al

18、ice.3 我们大家都认为他是诚实的。5 他们把小偷释放了。7 他请我们参加做游戏。9 卫兵命令我们立即离开。11 每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。13 我们不会让她在晚上外出的。15 我要请人把我的录音机修理一下。17 她正在听人家讲故事。19 我从来没看见这个字这样用过。21 我想乘船去那里更舒服些。23 学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立There be 句型1 今晚没有会。3 这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。5 天气预报说下午有大风。7 战前这儿一直有家电影院的。9 从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。11 就只剩下二十八美元了。13 铃响了。2 他的父母给他取名为 J

19、ohn.4 他们把门推开了。6 我们要使学校变得更美丽。8 我要你把真相告诉我。10 明天我要找人来修理机器。12 痛苦使得他叫喊起来。14 他每个月理一次发。16 那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了18 男孩子们都在看士兵们操练。20 他感到很难跟你交谈。22 我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。24 我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。2 这个村子过去只有一口井。4 客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。6 灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。8 恰好那时房里没人。10 公共汽车来了。12 在这个山洞前面长着一棵高大的松树14 二月份有二十八天。KEYS分析下列句子成分2. 主语 系动词 表语4. 主语双宾动词间接宾语直接宾

20、1. 主语 系动词 表语3. 主语 动词 宾语 宾语补足语 语5.主语+及物动词语 补足语+宾语7.9.语主语+及物动词主语 +动词+宾语+宾语宾语+宾语补足语翻译 练习：6 主语+动词+形式宾语it +宾8. 主语 +系动词 +表语 主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾13.主语+及物动词+宾语语15.主语+系动词+表语语17.主语+系动词+表语语19.主语+不及物动词21.主语+系动词+表语23.主语+及物动词+宾语25.主语+及物动词+宾语主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语11.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语27.语12主语+及物动词14.主语+动词+16.主语+动词+宾语宾语+宾语补足

21、宾语+宾语补足18.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾20.主语+不及物动词22.主语+系动词+表语24.主语+不及物动词26.主语+不及物动词28.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾29.语主语 +及物动词 +宾语30.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足主谓结构（主语+不及物动词）1You should study hard.2 She went home very late yesterday eve ning.3That morning we talked a great deal.4The meeti ng will last two hours.5Great cha nges have take

22、 n place in my home tow n in the past ten years.6Th ings of that sort are happe ning all over the world every day.7The May Fourth Moveme nt broke out in Beijing in 1919.8Classes beg in at eight every day.9This box weighs five kilos.10 I lived in Beijing five years ago.主谓宾结构（主语+及物动词+宾语）1.1 wrote a le

23、tter last ni ght.2.I want to talk with you this after noon.3.He has read this book many times.4. They have carried out the plan successfully.5. You must finish reading these books in two weeks.6. That gentlemen can speak three Ianguages fluently.7.1 received a letter from my pen friend in Australia.

24、8. Jim cannot dress himself.9. All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.10. He did not know what to say.主系表结构 （主语 系动词 主语补语 ）1My brothers are all college students. 2In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.3 Mrs Brown looks very healthy. 4At the age of fifteen he became a famous pian

25、ist.5 Children, keep quiet please. 6 This book is about the history of the United States. 7Her job is to look after the children in the nursery. 8He is out of work.9The leaves have turned yellow. 10The report sounds interesting.双宾语结构 ( 主语 双宾动词 间接宾语 直接宾语 ) 1Mr Johnson taught us German last year. 2Gra

26、ndma told me an interesting story last night. 3Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster. 4Would you please pass me the dictionary? 5He showed the ticket to the conductor. 6This term I have written three letters to my parents. 7My father has bought me a new bike.8Robinson Crusoe made himself a boat

27、. 9Will you please get me a new copy? 10 Shall I call you a taxi?复合宾语结构 ( 主语 宾补动词 1We call her Alice.3All of us considered him honest. 5They have set the thief free. beautiful.7He asked us to join in the game. 9The guards ordered us to leave at once. repair the machine.11Every morning we hear him re

28、ad English aloud. 13We won t let her go out at night.15I ll get my recorder mended.宾语 宾语补语 )2His parents named him John. 4They pushed the door open.6We will make our school more8I want you to tell me the truth.10Tomorrow I llhave someone12The pain made him cry out. 14He has his hair cut once a month. 16The terrible sound made thechildren frightened. 17She is listening to someone telling stories.18heboys were watching the soldiers drilling.19I have never seen the word used that way before. 20He felt