动词不定式归纳

1、动词不定式归纳 定义：不定式的to和介词to需要被区分开，不定式的to后接动词原形，介词to后接名词、代词或动名词。 不定式作动词宾语 He decided to invite all of his classmates to attend the holiday at the beach.不定式作宾语 He promised not to tell anyone about it. 如果宾语有自己的补语，则常用 it作形式宾语，而把真正作宾语的不定式放在后面放在后面，常带有形式宾语的 动词有： believe. Con sider. Feel. Find. Know. Make . rega

2、rd 例: we thi nk it importa nt to obey the laws.Vwe thi nk to obey the laws is importa nt.x I know it impossible to finish so much homework in a day. 不定式作介词宾语 当介词but、except、besides前面有行为动词 do及其各种形式时，介词后面的不定式可以省略to，否则不省略。 What do you like to do besides play football? We have no choice but to wait. 个别介词

3、可以用“疑问词 +不定式”作宾语 The boy has him own idea of how to finish it. 不定式起形容词作用作定语 不定式作定语用来修饰名词或代词，置于它所修饰的词后，而且放在其他后置定语的后面。同时与它所修饰的名词 或代词形成逻辑上的动宾关系或主谓关系。 He always has a lot of meetings to attend.不定式 to attend禾口名词 meetings 形成动宾关系 The next train to arrive was from Seattle. To arrive禾口 train 形成主谓关系 Do you ha

4、ve anything in teresti ng to read? 如果作定语用的不定式是不及物动词，就要加上介词，使被修饰的这个词成为这个介词的逻辑宾语。 He is looking for a room to live in. to live in a room. A room是介词 in 的宾语。 Please pass me some paper to write on. 上述不定式后加介词时，一般不能省略介词，但当修饰place , time , way时，介词可以省略。 He has no money and no place to live (in). The time to

5、arrive is 8 o clock. (at) I think the best way to travel is on foot. 不定式作定语时，用主动语态表示被动含义的情形 一、在某些固定句型中，动词不定式作定语，用主动形式表被动意义。 1) have ( give, show ) sth. to do 在这种句型中的不定式与前边的名词有动宾关系，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系。例如：I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。否则，在表示被动意义时，仍需 要被动式。试比较： Hav

6、e you anything to do this afternoon?今天下午你有事要做吗 ？ (to do 是由you发出的) Have you any thi ng to be taken to your pare nts?你有要带给你父母的东西吗 ？(谁带不得而知)再如 ： Please get me someth ing to read.请给我弄点读的材料。Hell show you the right path to take. 2) It (This, That ) + be + a/ an + adj. + n. + to do 在这种句型中，不定式与前面的名词有动宾关系。动词

7、不定式可改为动词不定式复合结构。例如：This is a difficult question to answer.这是个难答的问题。question 与 to answer 为动宾关系。 to answer 可改为 for me to answer 。 再如：It is an easy sentence to translate.这个句子很容易翻译。 3) There + be + n. + to do 在此句型中，用来修饰主语的不定式，可用主动式，也可用被动式，只是侧重点不同。用主动式作定语，重点在人， 用被动式作定语，重点在物。例如： 没有时间可以耽误。可译成 There is no t

8、ime to lose(to be lost ).用 to lose 可看成 for us to lose; 用 to be lost, 谁 lost time 不明确。 但下述两句用主动不定式与被动不定式意义不同： a. There is no thi ng to do now. b. There is no thi ng to be done. a. There is no thi ng to see. b. There is no thi ng to be see n. (=We have n oth ing to do now. )现在没事干。 (=We can do nothi ng

9、 now.)现在没办法了。 (nothing worth seeing) 没有东西值得看。 (no thi ng there at all )看不见什么东西。 、在某些“形容词+不定式”的结构中，不定式有被动意义，与句子主语构成动宾关系。其句型有 1) n. + be+ adj. + to do 这问题很难回答。The job is very easy to do.这工作很容易 The questi on was very difficult to an swer. 做。 2) n. + be+ too + adj. + to do 我激动得连一句话 The thi ng is too sma

10、ll to see.这东西太小看不见。I was too excited to say a word. 也说不出。 3) n. + be + adj. + eno ugh to do The box is light en ough to carry.这盒子轻得可带走。The book is cheap en ough to buy.这本书很便宜可 以买。 但下列两句可用不定式的主动式，也可用被动式： / to be eate n.这 This pla nt is fit to eat/ to be eate n.这种植物可以食用。The cake is ready to eat 块饼可以吃了

11、。 三、某些动词，如to let, to blame(责备)，to seek(寻找)用主动式表被动意义。 例女口: The house is to let.这房子要出租。Who is to blame for it? The reason is not far to seek. 理由不难找到。 不定式的省略 不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语 不定式在某些感官动词，如feel, hear, listen to, watch, look at, notice, observe等，以及使役动词let, have, make等后作宾语补足语时，要省去to，但在被动语态中，不省略。 They made

12、the workers work day and ni ght. The workers were made to work day and night. The PLA men noticed the spy steal some papers. Let me hear you play the piano. 在下列句型中 Had better/had best + (not) do sth You d better/best turn the bottle upside down to empty out the oil Had/would rather + (not) do sthI m

13、 tired, I d rather not go out. this evening. Had/would rather/soo ner + do sth. + than + do sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 I d rather stay at home tonight than go to the cinema. Prefer + to do sth + rather tha n + do sth She prefers to travel rather than attend the weddi ng. Cannot but + do sth. Or cannot choose/h

14、elp but + do sth I can t but think so. I can t help but laugh on hearing his joke. Do nothing (= not do anything) but/except + do sth You can do no thi ng but wait = you cannot do anything but wait. 在系动词be后作表语 当不定式在系动词 be后作表语时，如果主语部分带有行为动词do,不定式就可省略to。 The only thi ng I can do is lie in bed. What I

15、want to do is have a good rest. 疑问词 why引导的省略 Why not do sth? / why do sth? Why not? 不定式省略动词原形 如果一个动词在前面已经出现过，为了避免重复，这个动词可以省略 Did you get the new stamps? No, I tried to, but there wasn t any left in that post office. 不定式的否定形式 Not/n ever +不定式 my father told me n ever to see her aga in. The door was no

16、t to ope n un til 10 am. 不定式时态和语态 时态语态 主动式 被动式 一般式 To do To be done 进行式 To be doing - 完成式 To have done To have bee n done 完成进行式 To have bee n doing - 一般式表示动作通常与主要谓语所表示的动作或状态几乎同时发生，或是在它之 I am glad to see you. 进行式表示的动作是与谓语动词表示的动作同时进行。 Some dogs were fou nd to be looki ng for food arou nd.些狗被发现正在四处寻找食物

17、。 完成式表示发生在主要动作之前的动作，也可表示过去没有实现的期待或计划等。 appear, seem, happe n, be said, be reported, is said to have learned four foreign Ianguages. 过去分词 1. 发生在谓语动词的动作或状态前，常接不定式完成式的动词有 be believed, be known, be thought, be sorry, be likely They seemed to have known each other for a long time. She 2. 表示过去没有实现的期待或计划 H

18、ope/promised/wa nted/wished/expected/pla nned + to + have + He wan ted to have met you at the airport, but he did n t get there in time. 没接成。 没做成。 We pla nned to have done good deeds for the poor people last month. Should/would like后表示未能实现的愿望 I should/would like to have give n her the gift.没送成。 He w

19、ould like to have played the violin at the con cert.没演奏成。 完成进行式表示在谓语动作前已经开始进行的行为，到谓语动作发生时可能停止，也可能持续下去。 Tom appeared to have bee n sleep ing. Tom好像一直在睡觉。Mark seemed to have bee n watch ing TV.一直 在看电视 一般式被动 通常表示将来的动作It s an honour for me to be invited to attend the meeting. 完成式被动 表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前The r

20、oom seems to have been cleaned already. 练习：选择填空。 1. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to. a. sit b. sit on c. be sat d. be sat on 2. Im hun gry. Get me someth ing. a. eat b. to eat c. to be eat d. for eati ng 3. It is difficult fora foreig ner Chin ese. a. write b. to w

21、rite c. to bewritte n d. writte n 4. I have no more letters, tha nk you. a. to type b. typ ing c. to be typed d. typed 5. The car is rather difficult . a. to repair b. to be repaired c. repairingd. being repaired 6. He was no where. a. to see b. to be see n c. see ing d. see n 7. She had no moneya b

22、irthday prese nt for their childre n. a. to buy b. to be bought c. bought d. buying 8. We waited for the work . a. done b. being done c. to do d. to be done 1. He seems _ the old lady. A. knowing B. to be knowing C. to know D. to be known 2. Tom _ when they spoke ill of him. A. happened to be passed B. happened to be passing by C. h